Vasily Osipovich Klyuchevsky (1841-1911) - Wolemba mbiri waku Russia, pulofesa waukadaulo wa University of Moscow, pulofesa wolemekezeka wa University of Moscow; academician wamba wa Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sayansi yokhudza mbiri yakale yaku Russia komanso zakale, wapampando wa Imperial Society ya mbiri yakale yaku Russia komanso zakale ku Yunivesite ya Moscow, khansala wamseri.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena Klyuchevskogo, amene tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Vasily Klyuchevsky.
Wambiri Klyuchevsky
Vasily Klyuchevsky anabadwa pa January 16 (28), 1841 m'mudzi wa Voskresenovka (chigawo cha Penza). Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la wansembe wosauka Osip Vasilyevich. Wolemba mbiriyo anali ndi alongo awiri.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Pamene Vasily anali ndi zaka 9, abambo ake adamwalira modetsa nkhawa. Atabwerera kunyumba, mutu wabanja udagwa ndi bingu lamphamvu. Akavalo owopsedwa ndi bingu ndi mphezi zidagubuduza ngoloyo, pambuyo pake mwamunayo adakomoka ndikumira m'mitsinje yamadzi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anali Vasily yemwe anali woyamba kuzindikira abambo omwe adamwalira. Mnyamatayo adadzidzimuka kwambiri kotero kuti adadwala chibwibwi kwa zaka zambiri.
Pambuyo pa kutayika kwa wopezera ndalama, banja la Klyuchevsky lidakhazikika ku Penza, pokhala m'manja mwa dayosizi yakomweko. Mnzake wa womwalirayo Osip Vasilyevich anawapatsa kanyumba kakang'ono komwe ana amasiye ndi mkazi wamasiye amakhala.
Vasily adamaliza maphunziro ake pasukulu yachipembedzo, koma chifukwa chachibwibwi sanathe kumvetsetsa bwino maphunzirowa. Ankafuna ngakhale kuchotsa mnyamatayo chifukwa cha kusachita bwino kwake, koma amayi ake adatha kuthetsa zonse.
Mayiyo adakopa m'modzi mwa ophunzirawo kuti aziphunzira ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna. Zotsatira zake, Vasily Klyuchevsky sanakwanitse kungochotsa matendawa, komanso kukhala wokamba nkhani kwambiri. Atamaliza maphunziro awo kukoleji, adalowa seminare yaumulungu.
Klyuchevsky anali kudzakhala wansembe, chifukwa amathandizidwa ndi dayosiziyi. Koma popeza sanafune kuphatikiza moyo wake ndi ntchito yauzimu, adaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito njira.
Vasily adasiya, akunena za "thanzi". M'malo mwake, amangofuna maphunziro a mbiriyakale. Mu 1861, mnyamatayo adapambana bwino mayeso ku University of Moscow, posankha Gulu Lakale la Mbiri ndi Philology.
Mbiri
Patatha zaka 4 akuphunzira ku yunivesite, Vasily Klyuchevsky adapemphedwa kuti akhale ku dipatimenti ya mbiri yaku Russia kukonzekera uprofesa. Adasankha mutu wankhani yolembedwa ndi mbuye wake - "Old Russian Lives of Saints as a Historical Source."
Munthuyo anagwira ntchito kwa zaka 5. Munthawi imeneyi, adaphunzira pafupifupi zikwi chikwi za mbiri yakale, komanso adachita maphunziro a sayansi 6. Zotsatira zake, mu 1871 wolemba mbiriyo adatha kuteteza molimba mtima ndikupeza ufulu wophunzitsa m'masukulu apamwamba.
Poyamba, Klyuchevsky ankagwira ntchito ku Sukulu Yankhondo ya Alexander, komwe adaphunzitsa mbiri yakale. Nthawi yomweyo analankhula ku sukulu yophunzitsa zamulungu. Mu 1879 adayamba kuphunzitsa mbiri yaku Russia ku yunivesite yakomweko.
Monga wokamba waluso, Vasily Osipovich anali ndi gulu lalikulu la mafani. Ophunzira anali pamzere kuti amvetsere zokambirana za wolemba mbiriyo. M'mawu ake, adatchulapo zowona zosangalatsa, adafunsa malingaliro oyikika ndikuyankha mwaluso mafunso a ophunzira.
Komanso mkalasi, Klyuchevsky anafotokoza momveka bwino olamulira osiyanasiyana aku Russia. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ndiye woyamba kuyamba kulankhula za mafumu ngati anthu wamba omwe amatsata zoyipa za anthu.
Mu 1882 Vasily Klyuchevsky adateteza digiri yake yaukadaulo "Boyar Duma waku Russia wakale" ndikukhala pulofesa m'mayunivesite 4. Atapeza kutchuka kwambiri pagulu, monga katswiri wodziwa mbiriyakale, mphunzitsiyo, molamulidwa ndi Alexander III, adaphunzitsa mbiri yakale kwa mwana wake wachitatu George.
Panthawiyo, Klyuchevsky analemba mbiri yakale, kuphatikizapo "Russian ruble zaka 16-18. mu ubale wake mpaka pano "(1884) ndi" Chiyambi cha serfdom ku Russia "(1885).
Mu 1900 mwamunayo adasankhidwa kukhala Membala Wofananira wa Imperial Academy of Science. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, ntchito yofunikira ya Vasily Klyuchevsky "The Course of Russian History", yopangidwa ndi magawo 5, idasindikizidwa. Wolemba adatenga zaka zopitilira 30 kuti apange ntchitoyi.
Mu 1906 pulofesayo adachoka ku Theological Academy, komwe adagwira ntchito zaka 36, ngakhale ophunzira adatsutsa. Pambuyo pake, amaphunzitsa ku Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, komwe akatswiri ambiri amakhala ophunzira ake.
Vasily Osipovich adadzutsa akatswiri ambiri olemba mbiri, kuphatikiza Valery Lyaskovsky, Alexander Khakhanov, Alexei Yakovlev, Yuri Gauthier ndi ena.
Moyo waumwini
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1860, Klyuchevsky anayesa kusamalira Anna Borodina, mlongo wa wophunzira wake, koma mtsikanayo sanabwezere. Kenako, mosayembekezereka kwa aliyense, mu 1869 anakwatira mchemwali wake wa Anna, Anisya.
Muukwatiwu, mwana wamwamuna Boris adabadwa, yemwe mtsogolo adalandira mbiri ndi maphunziro azamalamulo. Komanso, mphwake wa pulofesa wina dzina lake Elizaveta Korneva anakulira monga mwana mu banja Klyuchevski.
Imfa
Mu 1909, mkazi wa Klyuchevsky anamwalira. Anisya anatengedwa kunyumba kuchokera ku tchalitchi, kumene anakomoka ndipo anamwalira usiku umodzi wokha.
Mwamunayo adamva zowawa za imfa ya mkazi wake, osachira kumwalira kwake. Vasily Klyuchevsky adamwalira pa Meyi 12 (25), 1911 ali ndi zaka 70, chifukwa chodwala kwanthawi yayitali.
Zithunzi za Klyuchevsky
