Felix Lope de Vega (dzina lonse Felix Lope de Vega ndi Carpio; 1562-1635) - Wolemba zisudzo waku Spain, wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba ziwonetsero, woimira otchuka ku Golden Age yaku Spain. Kwa zaka zambiri, adalemba zamasewera 2000, omwe 426 apulumuka mpaka lero, komanso ma soneti pafupifupi 3000.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Lope de Vega, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Felix Lope de Vega.
Mbiri ya Lope de Vega
Felix Lope de Vega adabadwa pa Novembala 25, 1562 ku Madrid. Anakulira m'banja losavuta la mmisiri wamaluso wagolide Felix de Vega ndi mkazi wake Francis.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Abambo a wolemba nkhani zamtsogolo adachita chilichonse chotheka kuti alere bwino mwana wawo. Atolera ndalama zokwanira, adagula mutu wapamwamba ndipo adamuthandiza mnyamatayo maphunziro apamwamba.
Maluso a Lope de Vega amalingaliro ndi luso lake adayamba kuwonekera ali mwana. Anapatsidwa mosavuta sayansi zosiyanasiyana, komanso kuphunzira zinenero. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pomwe mwana anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 10, adatha kumasulira ndakatulo ya a Claudian "Kubedwa kwa Proserpina" mu ndakatulo!
Patatha zaka 3, Lope de Vega adalemba nthabwala yoyamba "Wokonda Wowona". Poyamba, anali wophunzira ku koleji ya Jesuit, pambuyo pake adapitiliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite ya Alcala.
Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, Lope de Vega adakondana ndi mtsikana yemwe sanabwezere. Zotsatira zake, chifukwa cha kusirira komwe kumayang'ana banja la wokondedwa wake yemwe adamukana, mnyamatayo adazengedwa mlandu. Iye analetsedwa kubwerera ku likulu kwa zaka 10.
Ngakhale adalandira chilango chankhanza chotere, Lope adabwerera ku Madrid kukatenga mwana wake watsopano ndikukachita naye ukwati mwachinsinsi. Ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 26, adakhala membala wa kampeni ya "Invincible Armada", atagonjetsedwa komwe adakhazikika ku Valencia.
Munali mumzinda uno pomwe Lope de Vega adalemba zolemba zambiri. Mu nthawi ya 1590-1598. adakwanitsa kugwira ntchito ngati mlembi wa Marquis wa Malvpik ndi atsogoleri awiri - Alba ndi Lemoss. Mu 1609 adalandira udindo wa mtumiki wodzifunira wa Inquisition, ndipo patatha zaka 5 adakhala m'busa.
Zolemba ndi zisudzo
Malinga ndi wolemba masewerayo, pazaka zambiri za mbiri yake yolenga, adakwanitsa kupanga nthabwala 1,500. Nthawi yomweyo, pakadali pano zisudzo zake 800 zokha ndizodziwika, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala okayikira za mawu a Lope de Vega.
Ntchito zosasangalatsa za Spaniard zili m'mavoliyumu 21! Izi ndi monga Dorothea, mabuku atatu, ndakatulo 9 zamaphunziro, nkhani zazifupi zingapo, nkhani zachipembedzo, ndi nyimbo zambiri. Kutengera ndi omvera, Lope adalemba ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kwa odziwitsa odziwa, iye anagwiritsa ntchito kalembedwe maphunziro, ndi misa yotakata - kalembedwe wowerengeka.
Wolemba adakonda kuyesera, chifukwa chake sanawope kupatuka pamndandanda wovomerezeka wamasewera aku Spain. Nthawi imeneyo, zisudzo zimalembedwa molingana ndi mfundo za umodzi wamalo, nthawi ndi zochita. Lope de Vega adasiya zochita zokha, kuphatikizanso nthabwala ndi zovuta m'ntchito zake, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakhala maziko a sewero la Spain.
Ntchito za classics zimakhudza mitu yambiri. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti poyerekeza ndi ndakatulo, adayamba kutengera malingaliro ndi malingaliro, osalingalira.
Masewera a Lope de Vega adapangidwa motere kotero kuti zomwe zimasokoneza zochitika zimasokoneza zochitika, zomwe zimabweretsa kukomoka kwa zokumana nazo zazikulu mpaka zoopsa, kuti pambuyo pake zochitika zamtunduwu zidziwike muzochitika zovomerezeka ndi zovuta zamakatolika.
M'masewero ake omwe, wolemba masewerowa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthabwala, zoseketsa, miyambi ndi zonena. Nthabwala yachilendo kwambiri ndi The Dog in the Manger, momwe a Countess apeza kuti ali mchikondi ndi mlembi wake. Kuphatikiza apo, apa wolemba adawonetsa momveka bwino momwe anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amachotsedwera zida zamatsenga zachikondi.
Moyo waumwini
Mu 1583, Lope de Vega adayamba chibwenzi ndi wojambula yemwe adakwatirana Elena Osorio (mbiri yaubwenzi wawo idawonetsedwa mu sewero la Dorothea). Ubale wawo unatha zaka 5, koma pamapeto pake Elena adakonda munthu wolemera kwambiri.
Mnyamata wokhumudwitsayo adaganiza zobwezera mtsikanayo polemba ma epigramu angapo oseketsa kwa wochita seweroli ndi banja lake. Osorio adamumanga mlandu, womwe udalamulira kuti achotse Lope ku Madrid.
Patatha miyezi itatu chilengezocho chitaperekedwa, wolemba adakwatirana ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Isabelle de Urbina. Pambuyo paukwati wazaka 6, Isabelle adamwalira chifukwa chazovuta zapambuyo pake mu 1594. Chaka chotsatira, mwamunayo akuganiza zobwerera ku Madrid, ndikusiya ku Valencia manda atatu omwe amawakonda - mkazi wake ndi ana aakazi awiri.
Atakhazikika likulu, Lope de Vega adakumana ndi wochita sewero Michaela de Lujan (m'mabuku ake adamuimbira dzina la Camila Lucinda). Chibwenzi chawo sichinathe ngakhale wolemba masewerowa atakwatiranso mwana wamkazi wamalonda wachuma dzina lake Juana de Guardo.
Lope de Vega adatha kuyimitsa kulumikizana konse ndi mbuye wake panthawi yovuta kwambiri yauzimu (mu 1609 adakhala chinsinsi cha Khoti Lalikulu lamilandu, ndipo mu 1614 - m'busa). Kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro akale kudaphimbidwa ndi anthu angapo omwe adamwalira: mwana wa Carlos Felix, mkazi wake, kenako Michaela.
Ali wokalamba, Lope adamva kumukonda kwanthawi yomaliza. Kusankha wake anali 20 wazaka Marta de Nevarez, polemekeza amene analemba ndakatulo zambiri, ndipo analemba angapo nthabwala.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa Lope de Vega zidasokonezedwa ndi zovuta zatsopano: Marta amwalira mu 1632, kenako mwana wake wamkazi wagwidwa, ndipo mwana wake wamwamuna amwalira munkhondo. Ndipo komabe, ngakhale adayesedwa kwambiri, sanasiye kulemba tsiku limodzi.
Imfa
Chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, Lope analemba nthabwala zake zomaliza, ndipo ndakatulo yake yomaliza - masiku anayi. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, wolemba masewerowa adakhala moyo wosasangalala, motero kuyesera kutetezera machimo ake. Kwa maola ambiri, anali kupemphera, kupempha Mulungu kuti amukhululukire.
Lope de Vega adamwalira pa Ogasiti 27, 1635 ali ndi zaka 72. Anthu ambiri adabwera kudzatenga ulendo womaliza wa wolemba wamkulu.
Chithunzi ndi Lope de Vega
