Paul Joseph Goebbels (1897-1945) - Wandale waku Germany, m'modzi mwa Anazi otchuka kwambiri mu Ulamuliro Wachitatu. Gauleiter ku Berlin, wamkulu wa dipatimenti yabodza ya NSDAP.
Adathandizira kwambiri pakudziwika kwa National Socialists kumapeto komaliza kwa dziko la Weimar Republic.
Mu nthawi ya 1933-1945. Goebbels anali Minister of propaganda komanso Purezidenti wa Royal Chamber of Culture. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zolimbikitsa kuphedwa kwa Nazi.
Kulankhula kwake kotchuka pa nkhondo yayikulu, yomwe adapereka ku Berlin mu February 1943, ndichitsanzo chodziwikiratu cha kusokoneza anthu.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Goebbels, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Joseph Goebbels.
Mbiri ya Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels adabadwa pa Okutobala 29, 1897 m'tauni ya Prussian ya Reidt, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Mönchengladbach. Anakulira m'banja lachikatolika la Fritz Goebbels ndi mkazi wake Maria Katarina. Kuphatikiza pa Joseph, makolo ake anali ndi ana ena asanu - ana awiri aamuna ndi aakazi atatu, m'modzi mwa iwo adamwalira ali wakhanda.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Banja la a Goebbels linali ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake mamembala ake amangogulira zofunika zokha.
Ali mwana, Josef ankadwala matenda monga chibayo chachitali. Mwendo wake wamanja unali wopunduka, kutembenukira mkati chifukwa chobadwa nako, komwe kunali kothithikana komanso kofupikitsa kuposa kumanzere.
Ali ndi zaka 10, Goebbels anachitidwa opaleshoni yosapambana. Ankavala chitsulo chachitsulo komanso nsapato mwendo wake, akudwala. Pachifukwa ichi, komitiyi idamupeza kuti ndi wosayenerera kulowa usilikali, ngakhale amafuna kupita patsogolo ngati munthu wongodzipereka.
M'buku lake, Joseph Goebbels adanena kuti muubwana wake, chifukwa chofooka kwake, sanayese kucheza naye. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri ankakhala yekha, kuthera tchuthi chake kusewera limba ndikuwerenga mabuku.
Ngakhale makolo a mnyamatayo anali anthu opembedza omwe amaphunzitsa ana awo kukonda ndi kupemphera kwa Mulungu, Joseph anali ndi malingaliro olakwika pankhani yachipembedzo. Ankakhulupirira molakwika kuti popeza anali ndi matenda ambiri, zikutanthauza kuti Mulungu wachikondi sangakhaleko.
Goebbels adaphunzira ku imodzi mwasukulu zabwino kwambiri pamalamulo amzindawu, komwe adalandirapo maphunziro onse. Atamaliza maphunziro ake pa sekondale, adaphunzira mbiri yakale, maphunziro azachikhalidwe ndi maphunziro aku Germany ku mayunivesite a Bonn, Würzburg, Freiburg ndi Munich.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti maphunziro a Joseph adalipira ndi Tchalitchi cha Katolika, popeza anali m'modzi mwa ophunzira abwino kwambiri. Makolo a ofalitsa mabodza amtsogolo amayembekeza kuti mwana wawo wamwamuna adzakhalanso mtsogoleri wachipembedzo, koma ziyembekezo zawo zonse sizinachitike.
Panthawiyo, a Goebbels anali okonda ntchito ya Fyodor Dostoevsky ndipo amamutcha "bambo wauzimu." Anayesa kukhala mtolankhani komanso amayesetsa kudzizindikira kuti ndi wolemba. Ali ndi zaka 22, mnyamatayo adayamba kugwira ntchito yonena za "Zaka Zachinyamata za Michael Forman."
Pambuyo pake, a Josef Goebbels adakwanitsa kuteteza madokotala ake pantchito ya wolemba masewero Wilhelm von Schütz. M'mabuku ake omwe adatsatira, zolemba zotsutsana ndi Semitism zomwe zidayamba.
Ntchito za Nazi
Ngakhale Goebbels adalemba nkhani zambiri, zisudzo ndi zolemba, ntchito yake sinachite bwino. Izi zidapangitsa kuti asankhe kusiya mabuku ndikudzilowetsa ndale.
Mu 1922, a Joseph adakhala membala wa National Socialist Workers 'Party, womwe panthawiyo unkatsogoleredwa ndi Strasser. Pambuyo pazaka zingapo, adakhala mkonzi wa chofalitsa cha Völkische Freiheit.
Pa nthawi imeneyo, Goebbels yonena anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi umunthu ndi malingaliro a Adolf Hitler, ngakhale kuti poyamba ankatsutsa ntchito zake. Adakwezanso boma la USSR, powona dzikolo ngati lopatulika.
Komabe, Joseph atakumana ndi Hitler, adakondwera naye. Pambuyo pake, adakhala m'modzi wokhulupirika komanso woyanjana kwambiri ndi mutu wamtsogolo wa Ulamuliro Wachitatu.
Minister of Propaganda
Adolf Hitler adayamba kutengera mabodza a Nazi pambuyo poti Beer Hall Putsch yalephera. Popita nthawi, adakopa chidwi cha a Goebbels omwe anali achikoka, omwe anali ndi luso lotha kuyankhula komanso kukonza zinthu.
M'ngululu ya 1933, Hitler adakhazikitsa Unduna wa Imperial of Public Education and Propaganda, womwe adapatsa mtsogoleri Joseph. Zotsatira zake, Goebbels sanakhumudwitse mtsogoleri wawo ndipo adakwaniritsa zazikulu m'munda mwake.
Chifukwa cha chidziwitso chake chambiri komanso kuzindikira pama psychology, adatha kuyendetsa chidziwitso cha unyinji, omwe amathandizira kwambiri malingaliro ndi malingaliro onse a Nazi. Adazindikira kuti ngati anthu abwereza zomwezo m'mawu, kudzera mu atolankhani ndi kanema, amvera.
Ndi amene ali ndi mawu odziwika akuti: "Ndipatseni atolankhani, ndipo ndipanga gulu la nkhumba kuchokera kudziko lililonse."
M'mawu ake, a Joseph Goebbels adatamanda chipani cha Nazi ndikukankhira anthu aku dziko lawo motsutsana ndi achikominisi, Ayuda komanso mitundu ina "yotsika". Adatamanda Hitler, ndikumutcha kuti mpulumutsi yekhayo wa anthu aku Germany.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse
Mu 1933, Goebbels adalankhula zowopsa kwa asitikali ankhondo aku Germany, akuwatsimikizira zakufunika kokhala m'chigawo cha Kum'mawa ndikukana kutsatira Pangano la Versailles.
Munthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945), a Joseph adadzudzula chikomyunizimu mwachidwi kwambiri ndikupempha anthu kuti apite kunkhondo. Mu 1943, pomwe Germany idayamba kutayika kwambiri kutsogolo, wofalitsa nkhani wachikalatayo adapereka mawu ake otchuka pa "Total War", pomwe amalimbikitsa anthu kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zonse kuti apambane.
Mu 1944, a Hitler adasankha Goebbels kuti atsogolere gulu lankhondo laku Germany. Adatsimikizira omenyerawo kuti apitiliza nkhondoyi, ngakhale kuti Germany idali itaweruzidwa kale. Wofalitsa nkhani zachinyengo adathandizira asitikali aku Germany masiku angapo, kulengeza kuti amawadikirira kunyumba ngakhale atagonjetsedwa.
Malinga ndi lamulo la Fuehrer mkatikati mwa Okutobala 1944, magulu ankhondo a anthu - Volkssturm, adapangidwa, opangidwa ndi amuna omwe kale sanali oyenera ntchito. Zaka zankhondo zidayamba zaka 45-60. Anali osakonzekera nkhondo ndipo analibe zida zoyenera.
Poona a Goebbels, magulu oterewa amayenera kulimbana ndi akasinja aku Soviet ndi zida zankhondo, koma kwenikweni izi zinali zosatheka.
Moyo waumwini
Joseph Goebbels analibe mawonekedwe okongola. Anali wopunduka ndi wamfupi wamunthu wamakani. Komabe, zolumala zakuthupi zidalipidwa ndimphamvu zake zam'mutu komanso chidwi.
Kumapeto kwa 1931, mwamunayo adakwatirana ndi Magda, yemwe anali wokonda kwambiri zolankhula zake. Pambuyo pake, m'banja lino munabadwa ana asanu ndi mmodzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti banjali lidapereka mayina kwa ana onse kuyambira ndi kalata yomweyo: Helga, Hilda, Helmut, Hold, Hedd ndi Hyde.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Magda anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wotchedwa Harald kuchokera m'banja lakale. Zinachitika kuti anali Harald yemwe anali yekhayo m'banja la Goebbels yemwe adatha kupulumuka pankhondoyo.
Hitler anali wokonda kubwera kudzacheza ndi a Goebbels, osangolankhulana ndi Joseph ndi Magda, komanso ndi ana awo.
Mu 1936, mutu wabanja adakumana ndi wojambula waku Czech Lida Baarova, yemwe adayamba chibwenzi chovuta. Magda atazindikira izi, adadandaula kwa Fuhrer.
Zotsatira zake, Hitler adaumiriza kuti Joseph apatuke ndi mkazi waku Czech, popeza sankafuna kuti nkhaniyi izikhala ya anthu ambiri. Zinali zofunikira kuti ateteze ukwatiwu, popeza Goebbels ndi mkazi wake anali ndi ulemu waukulu ku Germany.
Ndizomveka kunena kuti mkazi wa wotsutsa anali mgwilizano ndi amuna osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Kurt Ludecke ndi Karl Hanke.
Imfa
Usiku wa pa Epulo 18, 1945, Goebbels, yemwe adataya chiyembekezo, adawotcha mapepala ake, ndipo tsiku lotsatira adapereka mawu omaliza. Adayesa kukhazikitsa chiyembekezo cha kupambana mgulu la omvera, koma mawu ake amawoneka osakhutiritsa.
Adolf Hitler atadzipha, Joseph adaganiza zotengera chitsanzo cha fano lake. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti malinga ndi chifuniro cha Hitler, a Joseph adzakhala a Reich Chancellor waku Germany.
Imfa ya Fuhrer idamupangitsa Joseph kukhala wokhumudwa kwambiri, pomwe adalengeza kuti dzikolo lataya munthu wamkulu. Pa Meyi 1, adasaina chikalata chokhacho chancellor, chomwe chidapangidwira a Joseph Stalin.
M'kalatayo, Goebbels adanenanso zakumwalira kwa Hitler, ndikupemphanso kuti asiye nkhondo. Komabe, utsogoleri wa USSR unafuna kudzipereka mosavutikira, chifukwa chake zokambiranazo zinafika kumapeto.
Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi ana, Joseph adapita ku chipinda chogona. Awiriwo adatsimikiza mtima kudzipha, komanso adakonzekereratu zomwezo kwa ana awo. Magda adapempha mwamuna wake kuti alowetse ana morphine, komanso adaphwanya makapisozi a cyanide mkamwa mwawo.
Zambiri zakumwalira kwa a Nazi ndi akazi awo sizidzadziwika. Zimadziwika kuti banjali lidatenga cyanide kumapeto kwa Meyi 1, 1945. Olemba mbiri yakale sanazindikire ngati Yosefe adatha kudziwombera yekha nthawi yomweyo.
Tsiku lotsatira, asitikali aku Russia adapeza matupi owotcha a banja la a Goebbels.
Zithunzi za Goebbels
