Vasily Ivanovich Chapaev (Chepaev, PA; 1887-1919) - omwe adatenga nawo gawo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse komanso Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo lofiira.
Chifukwa cha buku la Dmitry Furmanov "Chapaev" komanso kanema wa dzina lomwelo ndi abale a Vasiliev, komanso ma anecdotes ambiri, anali m'modzi mwa anthu odziwika bwino m'mbiri ya Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ku Russia.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Chapaev, zomwe tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Vasily Chapaev.
Mbiri ya Chapaev
Vasily Chapaev adabadwa pa Januware 28 (February 9) 1887 m'mudzi wa Budaike (chigawo cha Kazan). Anakulira m'banja losauka la kalipentala Ivan Stepanovich. Anali wachitatu mwa ana 9 a makolo ake, anayi mwa iwo adamwalira adakali aang'ono.
Pamene Vasily anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 10, iye ndi banja lake adasamukira kuchigawo cha Samara, chomwe chimadziwika ndi malonda ake a tirigu. Apa adayamba kupita kusukulu ya parishi, komwe adaphunzira pafupifupi zaka zitatu.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Chapaev Sr. mwadala adatenga mwana wake wamwamuna kuchokera pasukuluyi chifukwa cha chochitika chachikulu. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1901, Vasily adayikidwa m'chipinda cha chilango chifukwa chophwanya malamulo, kumusiya wopanda zovala zakunja. Mnyamatayo wamantha adaganiza kuti akhoza kufa ngati aphunzitsi atayiwala za iye mwadzidzidzi.
Zotsatira zake, Vasily Chapaev adaswa zenera ndikudumpha kuchokera kutalika kwambiri. Anangopulumuka chifukwa chokhala ndi matalala akulu, omwe adachepetsa kugwa kwake. Atafika kunyumba, mwanayo anafotokozera makolo ake zonse ndipo amadwala kwa mwezi wopitilira umodzi.
Popita nthawi, abambo adayamba kuphunzitsa mwana wawo ukalipentala. Kenako mnyamatayo adamulembera ntchito, koma miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake adamasulidwa chifukwa cha munga m'diso. Pambuyo pake, adatsegula malo okonzera zida zaulimi.
Usilikali
Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse (1914-1918), Chapaev adaitanidwanso kuti akatumikire, komwe adatumikira pagulu lankhondo. Munthawi yankhondo, adachoka kwa wamkulu yemwe sanatumidwe kupita kwa wamkulu wa sajeni, kudziwonetsa kuti anali wankhondo wolimba mtima.
Pazabwino zake, Vasily Chapaev adapatsidwa mendulo ya St. George ndi mitanda ya St. George ya madigiri a 4, 3, 2 ndi 1. Anachita nawo ntchito yotchuka ya Brusilov ndi kuzungulira kwa Przemysl. Msirikaliyo adalandira zilonda zambiri, koma nthawi iliyonse amabwerera kuntchito.
Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni
Malinga ndi mtundu wofalawu, gawo lomwe Chapaev adachita mu Civil War ndikukokomeza kwambiri. Anapeza kutchuka konse ku Russia chifukwa cha buku lolembedwa ndi Dmitry Furmanov, yemwe adatumikira pagulu la Vasily Ivanovich ngati commissar, komanso kanema "Chapaev".
Komabe, wamkulu anali wolimba mtima komanso wolimba mtima, chifukwa anali ndi mphamvu pakati pa omvera ake. RSDLP (b), yomwe adalowa nawo mu 1917, sichinali chipani choyamba mu mbiri ya Chapaev. Izi zisanachitike, adatha kugwira ntchito ndi a Socialist-Revolutionaries ndi anarchists.
Atalowa nawo a Bolsheviks, Vasily adatha kukulitsa ntchito yankhondo. Kumayambiriro kwa 1918 adatsogoza kubalalika kwa Nikolaev zemstvo. Kuphatikiza apo, adakwanitsa kupondereza zipolowe zingapo zotsutsana ndi Soviet Union ndikupanga chigawo cha Red Guard. Mu chaka chomwecho, iye kukonzanso magulu mu regiment a Red Army.
Ulamuliro waku Soviet Union utagonjetsedwa ku Samara mu Juni 1918, izi zidabweretsa kuyambika kwa Civil War. Mu Julayi, White Czechs idalamulira Ufa, Bugulma ndi Syzran. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, a Red Army motsogozedwa ndi Chapaev adalanda Nikolaevsk kwa azungu.
M'nyengo yozizira chaka chotsatira, Vasily Ivanovich adapita ku Moscow, komwe amayenera "kukonzanso ziyeneretso zake" ku sukulu yankhondo. Komabe, mwamunayo adathawa posachedwa, chifukwa sanafune kutaya nthawi pa desiki yake.
Atabwerera kutsogolo, adadzuka kukhala woyang'anira wamkulu wa 25 Infantry Division, yemwe adamenya nkhondo ndi asitikali a Kolchak. Pa nkhondo ya Ufa, Chapaev anavulala pamutu. Pambuyo pake adapatsidwa ulemu wa Red Banner.
Moyo waumwini
M'ntchito yake, Furmanov amafotokoza Vasily Chapaev ngati munthu wamanja wachisomo, nkhope yowala komanso maso obiriwira. Mu moyo wake waumwini, mwamunayo adapambana zocheperako kuposa momwe adaliri kutsogolo.
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Chapaev adakwatirana kawiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti akazi onsewa amatchedwa Pelagey. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mtsikana mmodzi ndi wachiwiri sanathe kukhalabe wokhulupirika kwa woyang'anira magawano.
Mkazi woyamba, Pelageya Metlina, adasiya mwamuna wake kuti akhale wantchito wa tram yamahatchi ya Saratov, ndipo wachiwiri, Pelageya Kamishkertseva, adamunyenga ndi mutu wa zipolopolozo.
Kuyambira ukwati wake woyamba Vasily Chapaev anali ndi ana atatu: Alexander, Arkady ndi Klavdia. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mwamunayo sanakhalebe wokhulupirika kwa akazi ake. Nthawi ina anali ndi chibwenzi ndi mwana wamkazi wa a Cossack colonel.
Pambuyo pake, mkuluyu adakondana ndi mkazi wa Furmanov, Anna Steshenko. Pachifukwa ichi, mikangano nthawi zambiri imabuka pakati pa Red Army. Pamene Joseph Stalin adafunsa kusiyanitsa kanema "Chapaev" ndi mzere wachikondi, Steshenko, pokhala wolemba nawo script, adamupatsa dzina lokhalo wamkazi.
Umu ndi momwe wowonekera makina wowombera makina a Anka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Petka anali chithunzi cha amnzake atatu m'manja mwa wamkulu wamagawano: Kamishkertsev, Kosykh ndi Isaev.
Imfa
Ambiri amakhulupirirabe kuti Chapaev adamira mumtsinje wa Ural, atalandira bala lalikulu asanafike. Izi ndichifukwa choti imfa yotereyi idawonetsedwa mufilimuyi. Komabe, thupi la wamkulu lodziwika bwino silinayikidwe m'madzi, koma pamtunda.
Pofuna kubwezera Vasily Ivanovich, a White Guard Colonel Borodin adakonza gulu lapadera lankhondo. Mu September 1919, azungu anaukira mzinda wa Lbischensk, kumene kunayambika nkhondo yovuta. Pankhondoyi, msirikali wa Red Army adavulala pamikono ndi m'mimba.
Anzake adanyamula Chapaev wovulalayo kupita tsidya lina la mtsinje. Komabe, panthawiyi anali atamwalira kale. Vasily Chapaev adamwalira pa Seputembara 5, 1919 ali ndi zaka 32. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali kutaya mwazi kwakukulu.
A Comrades m'manja adakumba manda mumchenga ndi manja awo nadzibisa kwa adani ndi bango. Kuyambira lero, malo omwe amayikidwa m'manda mwamunthuyu adasefukira chifukwa chakusintha kwa ma Urals.
Zithunzi za Chapaev
