Hermann Wilhelm Goering (1893-1946) - andale, kazembe komanso mtsogoleri wankhondo ku Nazi Germany, Reich Minister of Aviation, Reichsmarshal wa Greater Germany Reich, Obergruppenführer SA, Honorary SS Obergruppenführer, General of the Infantry and General of the Land Police.
Adachita gawo lalikulu pakupanga Luftwaffe - Gulu Lankhondo Laku Germany, lomwe adatsogolera kuyambira 1939-1945.
Goering anali m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri mu Ulamuliro Wachitatu. M'malamulo a Juni a 1941, adatchedwa "wolowa m'malo mwa Fuehrer."
Pakutha kwa nkhondo, pomwe kulandidwa kwa Reichstag kunali kosapeweka, ndipo nkhondo yolamulira idayamba mwa osankhika a Nazi, pa Epulo 23, 1945, molamulidwa ndi Hitler, Goering adalandidwa maudindo onse ndi maudindo.
Mwa lingaliro la Khothi Lalikulu la Nuremberg, adadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa zigawenga zazikulu zankhondo. Ataweruzidwa kuti aphedwe pomupachika, komabe, madzulo a kuphedwa kwake, adatha kudzipha.
Goography ya Goering pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Hermann Goering.
Mbiri ya Goering
Hermann Goering adabadwa pa Januware 12, 1893 mumzinda wa Rosenheim ku Bavaria. Anakulira ndikuleredwa m'banja la Governor-General Ernst Heinrich Goering, yemwe anali paubwenzi ndi Otto von Bismarck mwiniwake.
Hermann anali wachinayi mwa ana asanu, kuchokera kwa mkazi wachiwiri wa Heinrich, mayi wosauka Franziska Tiefenbrunn.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Banja la Goering limakhala m'nyumba ya dokotala wachuma wachiyuda komanso wamalonda, Hermann von Epenstein, wokonda Franziska.
Popeza abambo a Hermann Goering adafika patali pamunda wankhondo, mnyamatayo adachitanso chidwi ndi zankhondo.
Ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 11, makolo ake adatumiza mwana wawo wamwamuna ku sukulu yogonera komweko, komwe chilango chokhwima kwambiri chimafunikira kwa ophunzira.
Pasanapite nthawi mnyamatayo anaganiza zopulumuka ku sukuluyi. Kunyumba, ankanamizira kuti akudwala mpaka nthawi yomwe bambo ake anamulola kuti asabwerere ku sukulu yogonera komweko. Panthawiyo, mbiri yakale, Goering ankakonda masewera ankhondo, komanso anafufuza nthano za magulu ankhondo a Teutonic.
Pambuyo pake, a Hermann adaphunzitsidwa ku masukulu a cadet ku Karlsruhe ndi Berlin, komwe adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Lichterfelde Military Academy. Mu 1912, mnyamatayo anapatsidwa gulu lankhondo, lomwe adakwera zaka zingapo atakhala msilikali.
Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yadziko I (1914-1918), Goering adamenya nkhondo ku Western Front. Pasanapite nthawi anapempha kuti asamuke ku German Air Force, chifukwa cha izi anapatsidwa 25 Aviation Detachment.
Poyamba, Herman anawulukira ndege monga woyendetsa ndege, koma patapita miyezi ingapo adaikidwa pa womenya nkhondo. Anatsimikizira kuti anali woyendetsa ndege waluso kwambiri komanso wolimba mtima yemwe adawombera ndege zambiri za adani. Pa ntchito yake, Ace German anawononga ndege 22 mdani, amene anali kupereka Iron Cross 1 ndi 2 kalasi.
Nkhondo yathetsa Goering ndi udindo wa kaputeni. Monga woyendetsa ndege woyamba, nthawi zambiri amapemphedwa kuti achite nawo ziwonetsero zapaulendo m'maiko aku Scandinavia. Mu 1922, mnyamatayo adalowa ku University of Munich ku department of science.
Ndale
Kumapeto kwa 1922, chochitika chachikulu chidachitika mu mbiri ya Hermann Goering. Anakumana ndi Adolf Hitler, pambuyo pake adalowa chipani cha Nazi.
Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, a Hitler adasankha woyendetsa ndegeyo kukhala wamkulu wa Assault Detachments (SA). Pasanapite nthawi, Herman adagwira nawo nawo mowa wotchuka wa Beer Putsch, omwe adachita nawo mpikisano.
Zotsatira zake, a putch adaponderezedwa mwankhanza, ndipo a Nazi ambiri adamangidwa, kuphatikiza Hitler. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti panthawi yopondereza zigawengazo, Goering adalandira zilonda ziwiri m'manja mwake. Imodzi mwa zipolopolozo idagunda kubuula ndikudwala.
Anzake adakokera Herman kupita nayo imodzi mwa nyumbayi, yomwe mwini wake anali Myuda Robert Ballin. Anamanga mabala a Nazi omwe amatuluka magazi ndikumupatsanso pobisalira. Pambuyo pake, Goering, posonyeza kuyamikira, adzamasula Robert ndi mkazi wake kundende yozunzirako anthu.
Panthawiyo, mbiri ya mwamunayo idakakamizidwa kubisala kuti asamangidwe kunja. Anazunzidwa ndi zowawa zazikulu, chifukwa chake adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito morphine, yomwe idasokoneza psyche yake.
A Hermann Goering adabwerera kwawo atalengeza zakhululukidwe mu 1927, akupitiliza kugwira ntchito m'makampani opanga ndege. Panthawiyo, chipani cha Nazi chinali ndi thandizo locheperako kwa nzika zakomweko, chimangokhala mipando 12 mwa mipando 491 ku Reichstag. Goering adasankhidwa kuti ayimire Bavaria.
Poyambitsa mavuto azachuma, Ajeremani sanakhutire ndi ntchito za boma lomwe lilipo. Makamaka chifukwa cha izi, mu 1932 anthu ambiri adavotera a Nazi pazisankho, ndichifukwa chake adalandira mipando 230 munyumba yamalamulo.
M'chilimwe cha chaka chomwecho, a Hermann Goering adasankhidwa kukhala wapampando wa Reichstag. Adakhala pa udindowu mpaka 1945. Pa February 27, 1933, moto woyipa wa Reichstag udachitika, akuti udawotchedwa ndi achikominisi. Anazi adalamula kuti akhoministi awononge msanga, akufuna kuti amangidwe kapena kuphedwa pomwepo.
Mu 1933, Hitler atayamba kale kukhala Chancellor waku Germany, Goering adakhala Minister of the Interior of Prussia and Reich Commissioner for Aviation. Chaka chomwecho, adakhazikitsa apolisi achinsinsi - a Gestapo, komanso adakwezedwa kukhala wamkulu wa oyang'anira oyang'anira.
Pakati pa 1934, bambo wina adalamula kuti amenye nkhondo 85 aku SA omwe adatenga nawo gawo poyeserera. Kuwombera kosaloledwa kunachitika pa nthawi yotchedwa "Night of the Long Knives", yomwe idachitika kuyambira pa 30 Juni mpaka 2 Julayi.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, Nazi ku Germany, ngakhale pangano la Versailles, idayamba zankhondo. Makamaka, Herman adachita nawo mwachinsinsi kukonzanso ndege zaku Germany - Luftwaffe. Mu 1939, a Hitler adalengeza poyera kuti ndege zankhondo ndi zida zina zolemera zimamangidwa mdziko lake.
Goering adasankhidwa kukhala Minister of Aviation of the Third Reich. Posakhalitsa nkhawa yayikulu yadziko "Hermann Goering Werke" idayambitsidwa, momwe mafakitale ndi mafakitale omwe alandidwa kwa Ayuda adapezeka.
Mu 1938, Herman adalandira udindo wa Field Marshal of Aviation. Chaka chomwecho, adagwira gawo lofunikira pakuwonjezera (Anschluss) waku Austria kupita ku Germany. Pakadutsa mwezi uliwonse, a Hitler, limodzi ndi omenyera ufulu wawo, adakula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mayiko ambiri ku Europe adanyalanyaza kuti Germany idaphwanya poyera zomwe zidalembedwa mu Pangano la Versailles. Monga nthawi idzawonetsere, izi posachedwa zitsogolera zotsatirapo zoyipa komanso ku Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945).
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse
Nkhondo yokhetsa magazi kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya anthu idayamba pa Seputembara 1, 1939, pomwe a Nazi anaukira Poland. Tsiku lomwelo, Fuehrer adasankha Goering kuti adzalowe m'malo mwake.
Patatha milungu ingapo, a Hermann Goering adapatsidwa Knightly Order ya Iron Cross. Analandira mphotho yaulemu imeneyi chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri ku Poland, komwe Luftwaffe idachita mbali yayikulu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti palibe aliyense ku Germany anali ndi mphotho yotere.
Makamaka kwa iye, udindo watsopano wa Reichsmarshal udayambitsidwa, chifukwa chomwe adakhala msirikali wapamwamba mdziko muno mpaka kumapeto kwa nkhondo.
Ndege zaku Germany zidawonetsa mphamvu zodabwitsa zisanachitike ku Great Britain, zomwe zidalimbana molimba mtima kuphulika kophulika kwambiri kwa a Nazi. Ndipo posakhalitsa kupambana koyamba kwa Germany kuposa Soviet Air Force ndikumazimiririka.
Pofika nthawiyo, Goering anali atasaina chikalata "chomaliza", pomwe Ayuda pafupifupi 20 miliyoni adaphedwa. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti kubwerera ku 1942 wamkulu wa Luftwaffe adagawana ndi womanga nyumba ya Hitler, Albert Speer, kuti sanatchule kuwonongeka kwa Ajeremani pankhondo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwamunayo adavomereza kuti zikanakhala zopambana ku Germany kungosunga malire ake, osatinso kupambana.
Mu 1943, mbiri ya Reichsmarschall idagwedezeka. Luftwaffe inali kutaya kwambiri nkhondo zakumlengalenga ndi mdani, ndipo idavutika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa ogwira ntchito. Ndipo ngakhale Fuehrer sanachotsere Hermann pantchito yake, adavomerezedwa kumsonkhano.
Pamene Goering adayamba kusiya kudalira Hitler, adayamba kupumula nthawi zambiri m'malo ake abwino. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti anali katswiri wazaluso, chifukwa chake adatolera zojambula zambiri, zosowa, zodzikongoletsera ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali.
Pakadali pano, Germany idayandikira kwambiri kugwa kwake. Asitikali aku Germany agonjetsedwa pafupifupi konse. Pa Epulo 23, 1945, Goering, atatha kucheza ndi amzake, adatembenukira kwa Fuehrer pawailesi, ndikumupempha kuti adzitengere ulamuliro, popeza Hitler adasiya.
Zitangochitika izi, a Hermann Goering adamva kukana kwa Hitler kutsatira pempholo. Komanso, Fuhrer adamulanda maudindo onse ndi mphotho, komanso adalamula kuti amangidwe a Reichsmarshal.
Martin Bormann adalengeza pawailesi kuti Goering wayimitsidwa chifukwa chazaumoyo. Mwa chifuniro chake, Adolf Hitler adalengeza kuti Hermann athamangitsidwa mchipani ndikuchotsa lamuloli kuti amusankhe m'malo mwake.
Anazi adamasulidwa m'ndende masiku 4 asanagwidwe ndi asitikali aku Soviet Union. Pa Meyi 6, 1945, wakale Reichsmarschall adadzipereka ku America.
Moyo waumwini
Kumayambiriro kwa 1922, Goering adakumana ndi Karin von Kantsov, yemwe adavomera kusiya mwamuna wake. Ndi nthawi imeneyo, anali kale ndi mwana wamwamuna wamng'ono.
Poyamba, banjali limakhala ku Bavaria, pambuyo pake adakhazikika ku Munich. Herman atamwa mankhwala a morphine, adayenera kukaikidwa mchipatala cha amisala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti adawonetsa kukwiya kwamphamvu kotero kuti madotolo adalamula kuti wodwalayo asavutike.
Pamodzi ndi Karin Goering adakhala zaka pafupifupi 9, mpaka mkazi wawo atamwalira kugwa kwa 1931. Pambuyo pake, woyendetsa ndegeyo adakumana ndi ochita zisudzo Emmy Sonnenmann, yemwe adamukwatira mu 1935. Pambuyo pake, banjali lidakhala ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Edda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ukwati wawo udachitikira Adolf Hitler, yemwe anali mboni kuchokera kumbali ya mkwati.
Mayesero a Nuremberg ndi imfa
Goering anali wachiwiri wofunikira kwambiri ku Nazi kuzengedwa mlandu ku Nuremberg. Adaimbidwa milandu ingapo yayikulu yochitira anthu.
Pozenga mlandu, a Herman adakana milandu yonse yomwe amamuneneza, mwaluso kuti apulumutse kuwukira kulikonse komwe akufuna. Komabe, umboni utaperekedwa mwa zithunzi ndi makanema azinthu zosiyanasiyana zankhanza za Nazi, oweruzawo adamulamula kuti aphedwe pomupachika.
Goering adafuna kuti amuwombere, popeza kufa pamtengo kunkaonedwa kuti ndi kochititsa manyazi kwa msirikali. Komabe, khotilo linakana pempholi.
Usiku woti aphedwe, a Nazi adasungidwa m'chipinda chayekha. Usiku wa Okutobala 15, 1946, a Hermann Goering adadzipha mwa kuluma kudzera mu kapisozi ka cyanide. Olemba mbiri yake sakudziwa momwe adapezera kapisozi wakupha. Thupi la m'modzi wa zigawenga zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu lidawotchedwa, pambuyo pake phulusa lidabalalika m'mbali mwa Mtsinje wa Isar.
Zithunzi Zojambula
