Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-2019) - Woyendetsa ndege wa Soviet, cosmonaut, munthu woyamba m'mbiri kupita kunja, wojambula. Kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union ndi Major General Aviation. Membala wa Supreme Council wa chipani cha United Russia (2002-2019).
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Alekseya Leonovym, amene tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Alexei Leonov.
Wambiri Alexei Leonov
Alexey Leonov anabadwa pa Meyi 30, 1934 m'mudzi wa Listvyanka (West Siberia Territory). Bambo ake, Arkhip Alekseevich, adagwirapo ntchito m'migodi ya Donbass, pambuyo pake adalandira ukatswiri wazachipatala komanso wodziwa nyama. Mayi, Evdokia Minaevna, ntchito monga mphunzitsi. Alex anali mwana wachisanu ndi chitatu wa makolo ake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ubwana wa chombo chamtsogolo sichingatchulidwe kukhala chosangalatsa. Ali ndi zaka 3 zokha, abambo ake anazunzidwa kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi "mdani wa anthu."
Banja lalikulu linathamangitsidwa m'nyumba yawo, pambuyo pake oyandikana nawo analoledwa kulanda katundu wake. Sr. Leonov adakhala zaka ziwiri kumsasa. Anamangidwa popanda kuweruzidwa kapena kufufuzidwa chifukwa chotsutsana ndi wapampando wa famuyo.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Arkhip Alekseevich atamasulidwa mu 1939, posakhalitsa adasinthidwa, koma iye ndi abale ake anali atavulala kale mwamakhalidwe komanso mwakuthupi.
Pamene Arkhip Leonov anali m'ndende, mkazi wake ndi ana ake anakakhala ku Kemerovo, kumene abale awo ankakhala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti anthu 11 amakhala mchipinda cha 16 m²!
Atamasulidwa abambo ake, a Leonovs adayamba kukhala ndi moyo wosalira zambiri. Banjali lidapatsidwanso zipinda zina ziwiri m'chipindacho. Mu 1947 banja linasamukira ku Kaliningrad, komwe Arkhip Alekseevich anapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano.
Kumeneko Alex anapitiliza maphunziro ake kusukulu, komwe anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1953 - chaka cha imfa ya Joseph Stalin. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, anali atadziwonetsera kale ngati waluso waluso, chifukwa chake adapanga nyuzipepala ndi zikwangwani.
Adakali mwana wasukulu, Leonov adaphunzira zida zamainjini apandege, komanso adadziwa luso la kuthawa. Analandira chidziwitso ichi chifukwa cha zolemba za mchimwene wake wamkulu, yemwe adaphunzitsidwa ukadaulo wa ndege.
Atalandira satifiketi, Alexey adafuna kukhala wophunzira ku Riga Academy of Arts. Komabe, adayenera kusiya lingaliro ili, popeza makolo ake samatha kupulumutsa moyo wake ku Riga.
Opanga zakuthambo
Atalephera kupeza maphunziro aukadaulo, Leonov adalowa Sukulu Yoyendetsa Aviation ku Kremenchug, komwe adaphunzira mu 1955. Kenako adaphunzira ku Chuguev Aviation School of Pilots kwa zaka zina ziwiri, pomwe adatha kukhala woyendetsa ndege woyamba.
Pa nthawi ya mbiri yake, Alexei Leonov adakhala membala wa CPSU. Kuyambira 1959 mpaka 1960 adatumikira ku Germany, m'magulu ankhondo aku Soviet Union.
Panthawiyo, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi wamkulu wa Cosmonaut Training Center (CPC), Colonel Karpov. Pasanapite nthawi anakumana ndi Yuri Gagarin, amene anayamba naye ubwenzi kwambiri.
Mu 1960, Leonov analembetsa m'gulu loyamba la akatswiri aku cosmonauts aku Soviet. Iye, pamodzi ndi ena onse omwe adatenga nawo gawo, amaphunzira zolimba tsiku lililonse, kuyesa kupeza mawonekedwe abwino.
Zaka 4 pambuyo pake, kapangidwe kake, kamene kanatsogoleredwa ndi Korolev, adayamba kupanga zombo zapadera "Voskhod-2". Chida ichi chimayenera kulola akatswiri oyenda kupita mumlengalenga. Pambuyo pake, oyang'anira adasankha 2 opambana paulendo wotsatira, yemwe anali Alexey Lenov ndi Pavel Belyaev.
Ndege yodziwika bwino komanso njira yoyamba yoyendera anthu idachitika pa Marichi 18, 1965. Mwambowu udayang'aniridwa ndi dziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza United States.
Pambuyo paulendowu, Leonov anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri a zakuthambo omwe adaphunzitsidwa kuthawira kumwezi, koma ntchitoyi sinayendetsedwe konse ndi utsogoleri wa USSR. Kutuluka kwotsatira kwa Alexey m'malo opanda mpweya kunachitika patatha zaka 10, pomwe oweruza otchuka a Soviet Soyuz-19 ndi American Apollo-21.
Kuyenda koyambirira
Chisamaliro chapadera mu mbiri ya Leonov chiyenera kuyenda kwake koyamba, komwe mwina sikunakhaleko.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwamunayo amayenera kutuluka mchombo kudzera pa airlock yapadera, pomwe mnzake, Pavel Belyaev, amayenera kuwunika izi kudzera m'makanema apakanema.
Nthawi yonse yotuluka koyamba inali mphindi 23 masekondi 41 (pomwe mphindi 12 masekondi 9 kunja kwa sitimayo). Pogwira ntchito mu spacesuit ya Leonov, kutentha kudakwera kwambiri mpaka kudwala tachycardia, ndipo thukuta litatsika kuchokera pamphumi pake.
Komabe, zovuta zenizeni zinali patsogolo pa Alexei. Chifukwa chosiyana pakukakamizidwa, ma spacesuit ake adatupa kwambiri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuyenda kungocheperako komanso kukula kwakukula. Zotsatira zake, wa mu chombo sanathe kubwereranso mu airlock.
Leonov adakakamizidwa kuti athetse kupsinjika kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa sutiyi. Nthawi yomweyo manja ake anali otanganidwa ndi kamera ndi chingwe chachitetezo, zomwe zidabweretsa zovuta zambiri ndikufunika kulimbitsa thupi.
Atakwanitsa mozizwitsa kulowa mu airlock, vuto lina lidali kumuyembekezera. Kutseka kwa airlock kudatha, sitimayo idasokonekera.
A astronaut adatha kuthana ndi vutoli popereka mpweya, chifukwa chake amuna adatopa kwambiri.
Zikuwoneka kuti pambuyo pake zinthu zikhala bwino, koma izi sizinali zoyesedwa zonse zomwe zidawakhudza oyendetsa ndege aku Soviet.
Zinakonzedwa kuti sitimayo iyenera kutsika pambuyo pa kusintha kwachisanu ndi chiwiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi, koma dongosololi silinayende bwino. Pavel Belyaev amayenera kuyang'anira pazida. Anakwanitsa kumaliza m'masekondi 22 okha, koma ngakhale nthawi yowoneka ngati yaying'onoyo inali yokwanira kuti sitimayo ifike pamtunda wa makilomita 75 kuchokera pomwe idafikira.
Cosmonauts tidakocheza pafupifupi 200 Km kuchokera ku Perm, mu taiga kwambiri, zomwe zinasokoneza awo kufufuza. Pambuyo maola 4 akukhala pachisanu, kuzizira, Leonov ndi Belyaev adapezeka.
Oyendetsa ndegewo anathandizidwa kupita ku nyumba yapafupi kwambiri ku taiga. Patatha masiku awiri okha adatha kuperekedwa ku Moscow, komwe sikuti ndi Soviet Union yokha, koma dziko lonse linali kudikirira iwo.
Mu 2017, kanema "Nthawi Yoyamba" adajambulidwa, wopatulira kukonzekera ndikukwera mlengalenga "Voskhod-2". Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Alexei Leonov adakhala ngati mlangizi wamkulu wa filimuyi, chifukwa cha omwe otsogolera ndi ochita masewerawa adatha kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za gulu la Soviet.
Moyo waumwini
Woyendetsa ndegeyo adakumana ndi mkazi wamtsogolo, Svetlana Pavlovna, mu 1957. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti achinyamata adasankha kukwatira patatha masiku atatu atakumana.
Komabe, banjali adakhala limodzi mpaka imfa ya Leonov. Muukwati uwu, atsikana awiri anabadwa - Victoria ndi Oksana.
Kuwonjezera ndege ndi chombo, Alexei Leonov ankakonda kupenta. Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake yolenga, adalemba pafupifupi zojambula za 200. Pamaso ake, mwamunayo adawonetsera malo ndi mawonekedwe apadziko lapansi, zithunzi za anthu osiyanasiyana, komanso nkhani zosangalatsa.
Astronaut ankakondanso kuwerenga mabuku, kukwera njinga, kupanga mipanda ndikupita kokasaka. Ankakondanso kusewera tenisi, basketball komanso kujambula zithunzi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, Leonov amakhala pafupi ndi likulu m'nyumba yomwe idamangidwa malinga ndi ntchito yake.
Imfa
Alexey Arkhipovich Leonov adamwalira pa Okutobala 11, 2019 ali ndi zaka 85. Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, nthawi zambiri ankadwala. Makamaka, amayenera kuchita chala chake chakumiyendo chifukwa chodwala matenda ashuga. Chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa ya wa muombo sichidziwikabe.
Kwa zaka zambiri, Leonov wapambana mphoto zambiri zapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Adalandira Ph.D yake mu sayansi yaukadaulo, komanso adapanga zopangira 4 za akatswiri azakuthambo. Kuphatikiza apo, woyendetsa ndegeyo anali wolemba mapepala khumi ndi awiri asayansi.
Chithunzi ndi Alexey Leonov
