Yuri Andropov (1914-1984) - Wandale waku Soviet komanso wandale, mtsogoleri wa USSR mu 1982-1984. Mlembi Wamkulu wa CPSU Central Committee (1982-1984).
Wapampando wa Presidium wa Supreme Soviet ya USSR (1983-1984). Mu nthawi ya 1967-1982. anatsogolera US Security State Committee. Hero wa Ntchito Zachikhalidwe.
Mbiri ya Andropov ili ndi zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Yuri Andropov.
Wambiri Andropov
Yuri Andropov adabadwa pa June 2 (15), 1914 m'mudzi wa Nagutskaya (m'chigawo cha Stavropol). Zambiri zokhudzana ndi komwe adakadalirabe, mwina chifukwa choti amayi ake anali oyang'anira zaku Soviet Union. Zotsatira zake, zambiri pazambiri za Andropov zikukayikiridwa.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Mtsogoleri wamtsogolo wa USSR adaleredwa m'banja la wantchito njanji Vladimir Andropov, yemwe anali abambo ake omupeza. Mwamunayo adamwalira mu 1919 ndi typhus pomwe mnyamatayo anali wazaka zisanu zokha.
Malinga ndi Yuri Vladimirovich, amayi ake, a Evgenia Karlovna, anali mwana wamwamuna wolemera wa Myuda wachuma waku Finland Karl Fleckenstein, yemwe anali ndi malo ogulitsira miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Mzimayi wazaka 17 adaphunzitsa nyimbo mu bwalo lochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi lachikazi.
Atamwalira abambo ake omupeza, Yuri adasamukira ndi amayi ake kukakhala ku Mozdok. Apa anamaliza sukulu ya sekondale ndipo adalowa Komsomol. Panthaŵiyo, amayi ake anali atakwatiwanso.
Pa mbiri ya 1932-1936. Andropov anaphunzira ku Rybinsk river school technical, kukhala katswiri pakukweza mayendedwe amtsinje. Pambuyo pake adamaliza maphunziro ku Higher Party School motsogozedwa ndi Central Committee of the CPSU (b).
Kuphatikiza apo, Yuri Andropov adaphunzira ngati kulibe ku department of philological of the Karelo-Finnish State University.
Komabe, ataphunzira ku yunivesite kwa zaka 4, adasiya. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chosamukira ku Moscow. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu unyamata wake adakwanitsa kugwira ntchito yolemba ma telegraph komanso ngati wothandizira ziwonetsero.
Ndale
Adakali wophunzira, Yuri anayamba kukonda ndale. Cha m'ma 30s, anali wokonza bungwe la Komsomol pamalo opangira zombo ku Rybinsk, atakwanitsa zaka zingapo atakwera kukhala mlembi woyamba wa komiti ya Yaroslavl m'boma la Komsomol.
Pogwira ntchitoyi, Andropov adakhala wokonzekera bwino komanso wachikominisi wabwino, zomwe zidakopa chidwi cha atsogoleri aku Moscow. Zotsatira zake, adauzidwa kuti apange bungwe la achinyamata ku Komsomol m'dziko la Karelo-Finnish lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa mu 1940.
Apa Yuri anakhala zaka 10, kuthana ndi ntchito zonse mwangwiro. Pamene Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945), iye sanachite nawo, chifukwa cha matenda. Makamaka, anali ndi mavuto a impso.
Komabe, Andropov adathandizira dzikolo pomenya nkhondo ndi achifasistasi achi Germany. Adachita zoyesayesa zambiri kuti alimbikitse achinyamata ndikukonzekera gulu lankhondo ku Karelia, ndipo nkhondo itatha adabwezeretsa chuma chadziko.
Pachifukwa ichi, mnyamatayo adapatsidwa 2 Orders of Red Banner of Labor komanso mendulo "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1 degree.
Pambuyo pake, ntchito Yuri Vladimirovich anayamba kukhala mofulumira kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, adasamutsidwa kupita ku Moscow ndikusankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira wa Central Committee. Pasanapite nthawi anatumizidwa ku Hungary monga kazembe wa Soviet.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mu 1956 Andropov adachita nawo zandale zaku Hungary - kuwukira mokakamiza boma la Hungary, lomwe linawonongedwa ndi asitikali aku Soviet Union.
A KGB
Mu Meyi 1967, Yuri Andropov adavomerezedwa kukhala wapampando wa KGB, womwe adakhala nawo zaka 15. Zinali pansi pake kuti kapangidwe kameneka kanayamba kugwira ntchito yayikulu m'boma.
Mwa lamulo la Andropov, otchedwa Fifth Directorate adakhazikitsidwa, omwe amayang'anira nthumwi za anzeru ndikuletsa ziwonetsero zilizonse zotsutsana ndi Soviet.
M'malo mwake, popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi utsogoleri wa KGB, palibe chisankho chimodzi chofunikira chomwe chingachitike m'malo onse, kuphatikiza maunduna, mafakitale, chikhalidwe, masewera ndi magawo ena.
State Security Committee idalimbana mwamphamvu ndi magulu osagwirizana ndi mayiko. Pansi pa Andropov, otsutsa nthawi zambiri ankatumizidwa kuzipatala zamisala kuti akalandire chithandizo mokakamizidwa. Mwa lamulo lake mu 1973, kuthamangitsidwa kwa otsutsa kunayamba.
Kotero, mu 1974, Alexander Solzhenitsyn anathamangitsidwa ku Soviet Union ndipo analandidwa nzika zake. Patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, wasayansi wotchuka Andrei Sakharov adapita nawo ku mzinda wa Gorky, komwe adayang'aniridwa usana ndi usiku ndi apolisi a KGB.
Mu 1979, Yuri Andropov anali m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa asitikali aku Soviet ku Afghanistan. Anthu amaganiza kuti Nduna Yowona Zachitetezo a Dmitry Ustinov ndi mtsogoleri wa KGB a Yuri Andropov ndi omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale nkhondo.
Makhalidwe abwino a ntchito yake akuphatikizapo nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu. Milandu yake inali ndi malipiro apamwamba kwambiri, koma ngati atazindikira za ziphuphu, ndiye kuti wolakwayo adalangidwa mwankhanza.
Mlembi Wamkulu
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Leonid Brezhnev mu 1982, Yuri Andropov adakhala mtsogoleri watsopano wa USSR. Kusankhidwa uku kunali chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri mu mbiri yake yandale. Choyamba, adayamba kulamula kuti azigwira ntchito, kuyesera kuthetseratu ziwalo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mzaka zomwezo, nthawi zowonera masana m'makanema, apolisi amachitika. Omvera omwe anali mndende amayenera kufotokozedwa zomwe anali kuchita mu cinema masana pomwe anthu onse anali kuntchito.
Nkhondo yolimbana ndi katangale, ndalama zomwe sanapeze ndi kuyerekezera kunayambika mdziko muno. Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe awapeza olakwa pa milandu yawonjezeka. Mofananamo ndi izi, kampeni yotsutsana ndi mowa idayambitsidwa, chifukwa chake kuwunika kwa mwezi kudazunzidwa kwambiri.
Ndipo ngati mu mfundo zapakhomo Andropov adakwanitsa kuchita bwino, ndiye kuti m'maiko akunja zonse zinali zosiyana. Nkhondo yaku Afghanistan komanso kusokonekera kwa ubale ndi United States sikunalole kuchepetsa kukayikira kwa akunja ku USSR.
Mwinamwake Yuri Vladimirovich akanatha kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri, koma pa izi anafunika nthawi yochuluka. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti adatsogolera dzikolo kwa zaka zosakwana 2.
Moyo waumwini
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Andropov adakwatirana kawiri. Mkazi wake woyamba anali Nina Engalycheva, yemwe adakhala naye pafupifupi zaka 5. Mgwirizanowu, mtsikana Evgenia ndi mnyamata Vladimir anabadwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mwana wamlembi wamkulu adakhala kundende kawiri chifukwa chakuba. Atamasulidwa, adamwa kwambiri ndipo sankagwira ntchito kulikonse. Yuri Andropov adabisala kuti mwana wake Vladimir anali m'ndende, chifukwa palibe m'modzi mwa atsogoleri apamwamba anali ndi achibale otere.
Chifukwa, Vladimir anamwalira ali ndi zaka 35. Modabwitsa, bambowo sanafune kupita kumaliro ake. Pambuyo pake, Yuri Andropov anakwatira Tatyana Lebedeva. Banjali linali ndi mwana wamkazi, Irina, ndi mwana wamwamuna, Igor.
Imfa
Zaka 4 asanamwalire, Andropov adapita ku Afghanistan, komwe adadwala nthomba. Chithandizocho chinali chovuta, ndipo matendawa adayambitsa vuto lalikulu la impso ndi maso.
Miyezi ingapo asanamwalire, thanzi la Secretary Secretary lidakulirakulirabe. Nthawi yayitali amakhala mnyumba yakunyumba. Mwamunayo anali wofooka kwambiri moti nthawi zambiri sankakhoza kutsika pabedi. Mu September 1983 adapita kukapuma ku Crimea.
Pa chilumba, Yuri Vladimirovich anatenga chimfine, chifukwa cha iye anayamba purulent kutupa kwa mapadi. Anamuyendetsa bwino, koma chilonda cha pambuyo pa opaleshoni sichinachiritse mwanjira iliyonse. Thupi linali litatopa kwambiri moti silimatha kulimbana ndi kuledzera.
Yuri Andropov anamwalira pa February 9, 1984 ali ndi zaka 69. Chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa chinali kulephera kwa impso.
Zithunzi za Andropov