Andrey Arsenievich Tarkovsky (1932-1986) - Soviet zisudzo ndi wotsogolera, wolemba. Makanema ake "Andrei Rublev", "The Mirror" ndi "Stalker" nthawi ndi nthawi amaphatikizidwa ndi ziwonetsero za makanema abwino kwambiri m'mbiri.
Mbiri ya Tarkovsky pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Andrei Tarkovsky.
Wambiri Tarkovsky
Andrei Tarkovsky anabadwa pa 4 April, 1932 m'mudzi wawung'ono wa Zavrazhie (dera la Kostroma). Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lophunzira.
Abambo a director, Arseny Alexandrovich, anali wolemba ndakatulo komanso womasulira. Amayi, Maria Ivanovna, anali maphunziro a Institute Literary. Kuphatikiza pa Andrei, makolo ake anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Marina.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Andrei, banja la Tarkovsky linakhazikika ku Moscow. Mnyamatayo atadutsa zaka 3, abambo ake adachoka kubanja kukakwatira mkazi wina.
Zotsatira zake, mayi amayenera kusamalira ana okha. Banja nthawi zambiri silinkakhala ndizofunikira. Kumayambiriro kwa Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), Tarkovsky, pamodzi ndi amayi ake ndi mlongo wake, anasamukira ku Yuryevets, kumene abale awo ankakhala.
Moyo wa Yuryevets unasiya chizindikiro pa biography ya Andrei Tarkovsky. Pambuyo pake, ziwonetserozi ziwonetsedwa mu kanema "Mirror".
Patatha zaka zingapo, banjali lidabwerera ku likulu, komwe adapitiliza kupita kusukulu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti mnzakeyo anali wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Andrei Voznesensky. Komabe, Tarkovsky sukulu nyimbo, limba.
Kusekondale, mnyamatayo anali kujambula kusukulu yakomweko. Atalandira satifiketi, Andrey adapambana bwino mayeso ku Moscow Institute of Oriental Study ku Faculty of Arabic.
Kale mchaka choyamba cha maphunziro, Tarkovsky anazindikira kuti akufulumira ndi kusankha ntchito. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adalumikizana ndi kampani yoyipa, ndichifukwa chake adayamba kukhala ndi moyo wachiwerewere. Pambuyo pake amavomereza kuti amayi ake adamupulumutsa, omwe adamuthandiza kupeza ntchito mu chipani cha geological.
Monga membala wa ulendowu, Andrei Tarkovsky adakhala pafupifupi chaka chimodzi m'nkhalango yakuya, kutali ndi chitukuko. Atabwerera kunyumba, adalowa mu dipatimenti yoyang'anira ku VGIK.
Makanema
Pamene mu 1954 Tarkovsky anakhala wophunzira ku VGIK, panadutsa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene Stalin anamwalira. Chifukwa cha izi, maboma opondereza mdzikolo afooka pang'ono. Izi zidathandiza wophunzirayo kusinthana zokumana nazo ndi anzawo akunja ndikuzolowera kanema waku Western.
Mafilimu anayamba mwakhama kuwombera mu USSR. Creative yonena Andrei Tarkovsky anayamba ali ndi zaka 24. Tepi yake yoyamba idatchedwa "Assassins", kutengera ntchito ya Ernest Hemingway.
Pambuyo pake, wotsogolera wachichepere adapanga makanema ena awiri achidule. Ngakhale pamenepo, aphunzitsi adazindikira luso la Andrey ndipo adaneneratu za tsogolo labwino.
Pasanapite nthawi mnyamatayo anakumana ndi Andrei Konchalovsky, yemwe anaphunzira naye ku yunivesite yomweyo. Amunawo adayamba kukhala mabwenzi ndikuyamba mgwirizano. Onsewa adalemba zolemba zambiri ndipo mtsogolomo amakambirana zomwe akumana nazo.
Mu 1960, Tarkovsky maphunziro aulemu ku Institute, kenako anayamba ntchito. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, anali atapanga kale masomphenya ake a kanema. Makanema ake amawonetsa kuzunzika ndi ziyembekezo za anthu omwe atenga nawo mbali pamakhalidwe abwino kwa anthu onse.
Andrey Arsenievich adayang'anitsitsa kuyatsa ndi mawu, ntchito yake inali kuthandiza omvera kuti adziwe zomwe akuwona pazenera.
Mu 1962, kuyamba kwake kwa sewero lathunthu lankhondo la Ivan's Childhood kunachitika. Ngakhale kusowa kwakukulu kwakanthawi ndi ndalama, Tarkovsky adakwanitsa kuthana ndi ntchitoyi ndikudziwika ndi otsutsa komanso owonera wamba. Kanemayo adalandira mphotho zapadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Golden Lion.
Pambuyo pazaka 4, mwamunayo adawonetsa kanema wake wotchuka "Andrei Rublev", yemwe nthawi yomweyo adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu cinema yaku Soviet, chiwonetsero chazithunzi, zachipembedzo zaku Russia zakale zidawonetsedwa. Dziwani kuti Andrei Konchalovsky anali co-wolemba script.
Mu 1972, Tarkovsky adawonetsa sewero lake latsopano, Solaris, m'magawo awiri. Ntchitoyi idakondweretsanso omvera akumayiko ambiri ndipo chifukwa chake adapatsidwa Grand Prix ya Cannes Film Festival. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, Solaris ndi imodzi mwamafilimu osangalatsa kwambiri asayansi omwe adakhalapo.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Andrei Tarkovsky adajambula kanema "Mirror", yomwe inali ndi magawo ambiri kuchokera mu mbiri yake. Udindo waukulu anapita Margarita Tereshkova.
Mu 1979, kuyamba kwa "Stalker", kutengera ntchito ya abale a Strugatsky "Roadside Picnic", kudachitika. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mtundu woyamba wamasewerowa adamwalira pazifukwa zomveka. Zotsatira zake, wotsogolera amayenera kuwomberanso katatu.
Oyimira bungwe la Soviet State Film Agency adangopeka kanemayo kachigawo kachitatu kogawa, ndikulola kuti apange ma 196 okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kufotokozera omvera kunali kocheperako.
Komabe, ngakhale izi, "Stalker" adawonedwa ndi anthu pafupifupi 4 miliyoni. Kanemayo adapambana mphoto ya Ecumenical Jury Prize ku Cannes Film Festival. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti ntchitoyi yakhala imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri mu mbiri yakulenga ya wotsogolera.
Pambuyo pake Andrei Tarkovsky adawombera zithunzi zina zitatu: "Nthawi Yoyenda", "Nostalgia" ndi "Nsembe". Makanema onsewa adajambulidwa kunja, pomwe bambo ndi banja lake anali ku ukapolo ku Italy kuyambira 1980.
Kusamukira kunja kunakakamizidwa, popeza onse ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adasokoneza ntchito ya Tarkovsky.
M'chaka cha 1984, Andrei Arsenievich, pamsonkhano wapagulu ku Milan, adalengeza kuti asankha kukhazikika Kumadzulo. Utsogoleri wa USSR utadziwa izi, unaletsa kuwulutsa kwamakanema a Tarkovsky mdziko muno, komanso kumutchula posindikiza.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti akuluakulu a Florence adapatsa nyumba yaku Russia nyumba ndikumupatsa ulemu wokhala nzika zolemekezeka mzindawo.
Moyo waumwini
Ndi mkazi wake woyamba, Ammayi Irma Raush, Tarkovsky anakumana ali mwana. Ukwatiwu udatha kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1970. Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi mwana, Arseny.
Mkazi wotsatira wa Andrei anali Larisa Kizilova, yemwe anali womuthandizira pakujambula kwa Andrei Rublev. Kuyambira ukwati wapitawo, Larisa anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Olga, yemwe wamkuluyo adavomera kumutenga. Pambuyo pake anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wamba, Andrei.
Ali mnyamata, Tarkovsky adakondana ndi Valentina Malyavina, yemwe adakana kukhala naye. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Andrei ndi Valentina anali atakwatirana panthawiyo.
Mwamunayo anali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi wopanga zovala Inger Person, yemwe adakumana naye atatsala pang'ono kumwalira. Zotsatira za ubalewu zinali kubadwa kwa mwana wapathengo, Alexander, yemwe Tarkovsky sanamuwonepo.
Imfa
Chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, Andrei anapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Madokotala sanathenso kumuthandiza, chifukwa matenda anali atatsala pang'ono kumaliza. Soviet Union itamva za matenda ake, akuluakuluwo adalola kuti awonetsedwe makanema akwawo.
Andrei Arsenievich Tarkovsky anamwalira pa December 29, 1986 ali ndi zaka 54. Iye anaikidwa mu manda French wa Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois, kumene kupumula anthu otchuka Russian.
Zithunzi za Tarkovsky
