Kurt Friedrich Gödel (1906-1978) - Wolemba zamaluso waku Austria, katswiri wamasamu komanso wafilosofi wamasamu. Anakhala wotchuka kwambiri atatsimikizira kuti ndizosakwanira, zomwe zidakhudza kwambiri lingaliro la maziko a masamu. Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa oganiza bwino kwambiri mzaka zam'ma 2000.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Gödel, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi yokhudza Kurt Gödel.
Mbiri ya Gödel
Kurt Gödel adabadwa pa Epulo 28, 1906 mumzinda wa Austro-Hungary wa Brunn (tsopano Brno, Czech Republic). Iye anakulira m'banja la mutu wa fakitale nsalu Rudolf Gödel. Iye anali ndi mchimwene wake dzina lake atate wake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kuyambira ali mwana, Gödel adadziwika ndi manyazi, kudzipatula, hypochondria komanso kukayikira kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amadzipangira yekha zamatsenga, zomwe adakumana nazo mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.
Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale nyengo yotentha, Kurt adapitilizabe kuvala zovala zotentha ndi tinsalu tating'onoting'ono, chifukwa amakhulupirira mopanda maziko kuti ali ndi mtima wofooka.
Kusukulu, Gödel adawonetsa kutha kuphunzira zilankhulo. Kuphatikiza pa kwawo waku Germany, adakwanitsa kuphunzira Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa.
Atalandira satifiketi, Kurt adakhala wophunzira ku University of Vienna. Apa adaphunzira fizikiya zaka ziwiri, kenako adasintha masamu.
Kuyambira 1926, mnyamatayo anali membala wa Vienna Philosophical Circle of Neopositivists, komwe adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi lingaliro la masamu komanso umboni wotsimikizira. Zaka 4 pambuyo pake, adateteza zolemba zake pamutu wakuti "Pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa zowerengera zomveka", ndikuyamba kuphunzitsa ku yunivesite yakunyumba.
Zochita zasayansi
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazi, wasayansi David Hilbert adayamba kukweza masamu onse. Kuti achite izi, amayenera kutsimikizira kusasinthika komanso kuvomerezeka kwa masamu a manambala achilengedwe.
M'dzinja la 1930, ku Konigsberg kunachitika msonkhano, womwe unkachitika ndi akatswiri masamu. Kumeneku Kurt Gödel adapereka malingaliro awiri osakwanira, omwe adawonetsa kuti lingaliro la Hilbert lidzalephera.
M'kulankhula kwake, Kurt adati posankha masamu, pali mfundo zomwe sizingatsimikizidwe kapena kutsutsidwa ndi njira zosavuta zoperekedwa ndi Hilbert, ndipo umboni wosavuta wosiyanasiyana wa masamu ndizosatheka.
Zokambirana za Gödel zidakhala zosangalatsa, chifukwa chake adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi usiku umodzi. Pambuyo pake, malingaliro a David Hilbert, yemwenso adazindikira kulondola kwa Kurt, adasinthidwa.
Gödel anali katswiri wazomangamanga komanso wafilosofi yasayansi. Mu 1931 adapanga ndikuwonetsa malingaliro ake osakwanira.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Kurt adapeza zotsatira zabwino zokhudzana ndi lingaliro la Cantor continuum. Adachita bwino kutsimikizira kuti kunyalanyaza kopitilira muyeso ndikosavomerezeka pamalingaliro oyenera a chiphunzitso chokhazikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, adathandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa ma axiomatics of set theory.
Mu 1940, wasayansi adasamukira ku United States, komwe adapeza mwayi ku Princeton Institute for Advanced Study. Pambuyo pa zaka 13, adakhala pulofesa.
Pa nthawi ya biography, Kurt Gödel anali kale ndi pasipoti yaku America. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pakufunsidwaku adayesa kutsimikizira kuti malamulo aku America satsimikizira kuti olamulira mwankhanza sadzaloledwa, koma adayimitsidwa pomwepo mwanzeru.
Gödel ndi mlembi wa ntchito zingapo pamiyeso yama geometry ndi fizikiki yopeka. Adafalitsa nkhani yokhudzana kwathunthu, pomwe adapereka njira yothetsera ma equation a Einstein.
Kurt adati kuyenda kwa nthawi m'chilengedwe kumatha kudumphadumpha (metric ya Gödel), zomwe sizingatanthauze mwayi woyenda nthawi.
Kurt analumikizana ndi Einstein moyo wake wonse. Asayansi analankhula kwa nthawi yayitali za sayansi, ndale komanso filosofi. Ntchito zingapo za Gödel pankhani yokhudzana ndi ubale ndizotsatira za zokambiranazi.
Zaka 12 pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Gödel, mndandanda wazinthu zomwe sanalembe pamanja zidasindikizidwa. Idadzutsa mafunso anzeru, mbiri yakale, zasayansi komanso zamulungu.
Moyo waumwini
Madzulo a Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939-1945), Kurt Gödel adasiyidwa wopanda ntchito, chifukwa chifukwa cholandidwa kwa Austria kupita ku Germany, yunivesite idasintha kwambiri.
Posakhalitsa wasayansi wazaka 32 adayitanidwa kuti akagwire ntchito, chifukwa chake adaganiza zosamukira mwachangu.
Panthawiyo, Kurt anali pachibwenzi ndi wovina wotchedwa Adele Porkert, yemwe anakwatirana naye mu 1938. Panalibe ana muukwatiwu.
Ngakhale asanakwatirane, Gödel anali ndi mavuto amisala. Nthawi zambiri anali kuda nkhawa mosayenerera za china chake, kuwonetsa kukayikira, komanso kusokonezeka kwamanjenje.
Kurt Gödel ankadera nkhawa za poizoni. Adele adamuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto amisala. Anakhazika mtima pansi masamu ndikumupatsa supuni atagona atafooka pabedi pake.
Atasamukira ku America, Gödel adadzazidwa ndi lingaliro loti atha kupatsidwa poizoni ndi carbon monoxide. Zotsatira zake, adachotsa firiji ndi radiator. Kulakalaka kwake ndi mpweya wabwino komanso nkhawa za firiji zidapitilira mpaka kumwalira kwake.
Zaka zapitazi ndi imfa
Zaka zingapo asanamwalire, matenda a Gödel anakula kwambiri. Anadwala masensa ndipo sanali kukhulupirira madokotala komanso anzawo.
Mu 1976, malingaliro a Gödel adakulirakulira kotero kuti adayambanso kudana ndi mkazi wake. Nthawi ndi nthawi anali kuchipatala, koma izi sizinapereke zotsatira zowoneka.
Pofika nthawi imeneyo, thanzi la Adele lidakulanso, pachifukwa chomwecho adagonekedwa mchipatala. Kurt anali atatopa kwambiri m'maganizo komanso mwakuthupi. Chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, anali wolemera makilogalamu osakwana 30.
Kurt Gödel adamwalira pa Januware 14, 1978 ku Princeton ali ndi zaka 71. Imfa yake idayambitsidwa ndi "kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kutopa" komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi "vuto la umunthu."
Zithunzi za Gödel
