Aurelius Augustine

Aurelius Augustine wa ku Ipponian, yemwenso amadziwika kuti Wodala Augustine - Wophunzira zaumulungu wachikhristu komanso wafilosofi, mlaliki wodziwika bwino, bishopu waku Hippo komanso m'modzi mwa Abambo a Mpingo Wachikhristu. Ndi oyera m'matchalitchi a Katolika, Orthodox ndi Lutheran.

Mu mbiri ya Aurelius Augustine, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi zamulungu ndi nzeru.

Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Augustine.

Mbiri ya Aurelius Augustine

Aurelius Augustine adabadwa pa Novembala 13, 354 mutauni yaying'ono ya Tagast (Ufumu wa Roma).

Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la mkulu Patricia, yemwe anali mwini malo ochepa. Chodabwitsa, abambo ake a Augustine anali achikunja, pomwe amayi ake, Monica, anali Mkhristu wodzipereka.

Amayi anachita zonse zotheka kuphunzitsa Chikhristu mwa mwana wawo, komanso kumupatsa maphunziro abwino. Anali mkazi wamakhalidwe abwino kwambiri, kuyesetsa kukhala ndi moyo wolungama.

Mwinamwake chinali chifukwa cha ichi pamene mwamuna wake Patricius, atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, adatembenukira ku Chikhristu ndikubatizidwa. Kuphatikiza pa Aurelius, ana ena awiri adabadwa m'banjali.

Ubwana ndi unyamata

Ali wachinyamata, Aurelius Augustine amakonda mabuku achi Latin. Atamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu yakomweko, adapita ku Madhavra kuti akapitilize maphunziro ake.

Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, Augustine adawerenga "Aeneid" yotchuka ya Virgil.

Posakhalitsa, chifukwa cha Romanin, mnzake wam'banja, adakwanitsa kupita ku Carthage, komwe adaphunzirira zaluso kwazaka zitatu.

Ali ndi zaka 17, Aurelius Augustine anayamba kusamalira mtsikana. Posakhalitsa anayamba kukhalira limodzi, koma ukwati wawo sunalembetsedwe mwalamulo.

Izi zinali choncho chifukwa chakuti mtsikanayo anali m'kalasi laling'ono, kotero sakanatha kuyembekezera kukhala mkazi wa Augustine. Komabe, banjali limakhala limodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 13. Mgwirizanowu, anali ndi mwana wamwamuna Adeodat.

Philosophy ndi luso

Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Aurelius Augustine adasindikiza mabuku ambiri momwe adafotokozera malingaliro ndi matanthauzidwe aziphunzitso zosiyanasiyana zachikhristu.

Ntchito zazikulu za Augustine ndi "Kuulula" ndi "Pa Mzinda wa Mulungu". Chosangalatsa ndichakuti wafilosofi adabwera ku Chikhristu kudzera mu Manichaeism, skepticism and neo-Platonism.

Aurelius adachita chidwi ndi chiphunzitso chokhudza kugwa ndi chisomo cha Mulungu. Ankatetezera chiphunzitso chakuti Mulungu amaikiratu zam'tsogolo, ponena kuti poyamba Mulungu anali ndi cholinga choti anthu akhale osangalala kapena otemberera. Komabe, Mlengi adachita izi molingana ndi kuwoneratu kwake kwa ufulu wa kusankha kwa anthu.

Malinga ndi Augustine, dziko lonse lapansi lidapangidwa ndi Mulungu, kuphatikiza munthu. M'ntchito zake, woganiza anafotokoza zolinga zazikulu ndi njira zopulumutsira ku zoipa, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala mmodzi mwa oimira opambana kwambiri.

Aurelius Augustine adayang'anitsitsa dongosolo la boma, kutsimikizira ukulu wa teokalase kuposa mphamvu zadziko.

Komanso, mwamunayo adagawaniza nkhondo kukhala zolungama komanso zopanda chilungamo. Zotsatira zake, olemba mbiri ya Augustine amasiyanitsa magawo atatu akulu a ntchito yake:

1. Ntchito zafilosofi.
2. Ziphunzitso zachipembedzo ndi tchalitchi.
3. Mafunso okhudzana ndi chiyambi cha dziko lapansi ndi mavuto a eschatology.

Poganizira za nthawi, Augustine amafika poyerekeza kuti zakale kapena zamtsogolo sizinakhaleko zenizeni, koma zokhazokha. Izi zikuwonetsedwa mu izi:

• zakale chabe kukumbukira;
• panopo palibe china koma kulingalira;
• m'tsogolo ndikuyembekezera kapena chiyembekezo.

Wafilosofi anali ndi chisonkhezero champhamvu ku chiphunzitso cha Chikristu. Adakhazikitsa chiphunzitso cha Utatu, momwe Mzimu Woyera umagwira ngati cholumikizira pakati pa Atate ndi Mwana, womwe uli mkati mwa chimango cha chiphunzitso cha Katolika ndikutsutsana ndi zamulungu za Orthodox.

Zaka zapitazi ndi imfa

Aurelius Augustine anabatizidwa mu 387 ndi mwana wake wamwamuna Adeodatus. Pambuyo pake, adagulitsa malo ake onse, nagawana ndalama zake kwa osauka.

Posakhalitsa Augustine adabwerera ku Africa, komwe adakhazikitsa gulu lachigawenga. Kenako woganiza adakwezedwa kukhala prebyter, ndipo pambuyo pake kukhala bishopu. Malinga ndi magwero ena, izi zidachitika mu 395.

Aurelius Augustine adamwalira pa Ogasiti 28, 430 ali ndi zaka 75. Adamwalira panthawi yomwe mzinda wa Hippo unazunguliridwa.

Pambuyo pake, zotsalira za St. Augustine zidagulidwa ndi mfumu ya a Lombards yotchedwa Liutprand, yemwe adalamula kuti awaike m'manda mu tchalitchi cha St. Peter.

Chithunzi ndi Aurelius Augustine

Onerani kanemayo: Denker des Abendlandes: Augustinus - Eine Zeitenwende 1943 (Mulole 2025).