Lucius Annay Seneca, Seneca Wamng'ono, kapena mwachidule Seneca - Wafilosofi wachiroma, Wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba boma. Nero mphunzitsi ndi mmodzi wa oimira otchuka a stoicism.
Mu mbiri ya Seneca, pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi filosofi ndi moyo wake wamwini.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale mbiri yayifupi ya Seneca.
Mbiri ya Seneca
Seneca adabadwa mu 4 BC. e. mumzinda wa Cordoba ku Spain. Iye anakula ndipo anakulira m'banja lolemera lomwe linali la kavalo.
Abambo a wafilosofi, Lucius Anneus Seneca Wamkulu, ndi amayi ake, Helvia anali anthu ophunzira. Makamaka, mutu wabanja anali wokwera pakavalo wachiroma komanso wolemba mawu.
Makolo a Seneca anali ndi mwana wina wamwamuna, Junius Gallion.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Ali mwana, Seneca adabweretsedwa ndi abambo ake ku Roma. Posakhalitsa mnyamatayo adakhala m'modzi mwa ophunzira a Pythagorean Sotion.
Nthawi yomweyo, Seneca adaphunzitsidwa ndi Asitoiki monga Attalus, Sextius Niger ndi Papirius Fabian.
Seneca Sr. amafuna kuti mwana wake wamwamuna adzakhale loya mtsogolo. Mwamunayo anali wokondwa kuti mnyamatayo adaphunzira maphunziro osiyanasiyana a sayansi, anali erudite, komanso anali ndi luso loyimba bwino.
Ali mwana, Seneca anachita chidwi ndi filosofi, komabe, motsogoleredwa ndi abambo ake, adakonzekera kulumikizana ndi moyo wake ndi maloya. Zachidziwikire, zikadakhala kuti sizinachitike chifukwa chodwala mwadzidzidzi.
Seneca adakakamizidwa kupita ku Egypt kukalimbikitsa thanzi lake kumeneko. Izi zidamukwiyitsa kwambiri mnyamatayo mpaka anaganiza zodzipha.
Ali ku Egypt, Seneca adapitiliza kudziphunzitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, adakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka yolemba ntchito zachilengedwe.
Atabwerera kudziko lakwawo, Seneca adayamba kutsutsa poyera zomwe zikuchitika mu Ufumu wa Roma komanso atsogoleri andale, akuwadzudzula kuti ndi achiwerewere. Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, adayamba kulemba ntchito zokhudzana ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe.
Ntchito za boma
Caligula atakhala wolamulira wa Ufumu wa Roma mu 37, adafuna kupha Seneca, chifukwa anali wotsutsana kwambiri ndi zomwe amachita.
Komabe, ambuye a mfumu adatetezera wafilosofi, nati adzafa posachedwa chifukwa chodwala.
Claudius atayamba kulamulira patatha zaka 4, adafunanso kuthetsa Seneca. Atakambirana ndi mkazi wake, a Messalina, adatumiza wokamba manyazi kupita ku chilumba cha Corsica, komwe adayenera kukhala zaka 8.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ufulu wa Seneca udaperekedwa ndi mkazi watsopano wa Claudius - Agrippina. Panthawiyo, mkaziyo anali ndi nkhawa zakukwera pampando wachifumu wa mwana wake wamwamuna wazaka 12, Nero, atamwalira mfumu.
Agrippina anali ndi nkhawa ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Claudius kuchokera ku banja lake loyamba - Britannica, yemwe amathanso kukhala wamphamvu. Pachifukwa ichi adakopa mwamuna wake kuti abwerere ku Seneca ku Roma, kuti akakhale wophunzitsa wa Nero.
Wafilosofi anali mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri wa mnyamata yemwe, ali ndi zaka 17, anakhala mfumu ya Roma. Pamene Nero adayamba kulamulira, adapatsa Seneca udindo wa kazembe, komanso adamupatsa ulemu wokhala mlangizi wamphamvu zonse.
Ndipo ngakhale Seneca adapeza mphamvu, chuma ndi kutchuka, nthawi yomweyo adakumana ndi zovuta zingapo.
Lucius Seneca anali wodalira kwathunthu mfumu yankhanza, komanso ananyansidwa ndi anthu wamba ndi Senate.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti woganiza asankhe kusiya mwaufulu mu 64. Kuphatikiza apo, adasamutsa pafupifupi chuma chake chonse ku chuma cha boma, ndipo adakhazikika m'gawo lake lina.
Philosophy ndi ndakatulo
Seneca anali kutsatira nzeru za Asitoiki. Chiphunzitsochi chimalalikira za mphwayi padziko lapansi komanso momwe akumvera, mphwayi, zamatsenga komanso kukhazikika mtima kulikonse.
Mophiphiritsira, kunama kunkaimira kukhazikika ndi kulimba mtima m'mayesero a moyo.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti malingaliro a Seneca anali osiyana ndi malingaliro achikhalidwe chachi Roma. Adafunafuna kumvetsetsa zakuthambo, zomwe zimalamulira dziko lapansi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso anafufuza chiphunzitso cha chidziwitso.
Malingaliro a Seneca amapezeka mokhazikika m'makalata a Moral kupita kwa Lucilius. Mwa iwo, adati nzeru zoyambirira zimathandizira munthu kuchita, osati kungoganiza.
Lucilius anali woimira sukulu ya Epikureya, yomwe inali yotchuka kwambiri masiku akale. Panthawiyo, kunalibe masukulu otsutsana ndi filosofi monga Stoicism ndi Epicureanism (onani Epicurus).
A Epikureya amafuna kuti tisangalale ndi moyo komanso zonse zomwe zimakondweretsa. Komanso, Asitoiki ankatsatira moyo wodzimana, komanso amayesetsa kulamulira malingaliro awo ndi zilakolako zawo.
M'malemba ake, Seneca adakambirana zambiri pamakhalidwe ndi machitidwe. Mu Mkwiyo, wolemba adalankhula zakufunika kopewetsa mkwiyo, komanso kuwonetsa kukonda anzako.
Mu ntchito zina, Seneca adalankhula za chifundo, zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wosangalala. Ananenanso kuti olamulira ndi akuluakulu amafunikira kuchitira chifundo.
Kwazaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Seneca adalemba zolemba 12 ndi zovuta 9 zochokera m'nthano.
Komanso, wafilosofi adatchuka chifukwa cha zonena zake. Aphorisms ake samataya kufunikira kwawo.
Moyo waumwini
Amadziwika kuti Seneca anali ndi mkazi osachepera mmodzi wotchedwa Pompey Paulina. Komabe, ndizotheka kuti akanatha kukhala ndi akazi ambiri.
Pafupifupi chilichonse chodziwika pa moyo wa Seneca. Komabe, chakuti Paulina anali kukondanadi ndi mwamuna wake ndizosakayikitsa chilichonse.
Mtsikanayo adanenanso kuti akufuna kufa ndi Seneca, akukhulupirira kuti moyo wopanda iye sungamupatse chimwemwe.
Imfa
Zomwe zimamupha Seneca zinali kusalolera kwa mfumu Nero, yemwe anali wophunzira wa wafilosofi.
Pomwe chiwembu cha Piso chidapezeka mu 65, dzina la Seneca lidatchulidwa mwangozi mmenemo, ngakhale palibe amene adamuimba mlandu. Komabe, ichi chinali chifukwa choti amfumu athetse omuphunzitsa.
Nero adalamula Seneca kuti adule mitsempha yake. Usiku woti amwalira, wanzeru anali wodekha komanso wodekha mumzimu. Nthawi yokha yomwe adakondwera ndipomwe adayamba kutsazika mkazi wake.
Mwamunayo adayesetsa kutonthoza Paulina, koma adatsimikiza mtima kuti afe ndi mwamuna wake.
Pambuyo pake, banjali linatsegula mitsempha m'manja mwawo. Seneca, yemwe anali atakalamba kale, amatuluka magazi pang'onopang'ono. Kuti afulumizitse kuyenda, adatsegula mitsempha ndi miyendo yake, kenako ndikulowa m'malo osambira otentha.
Malinga ndi ena, Nero adalamula kuti Paulina apulumutsidwe, zomwe zidamupulumutsa ku Seneca kwa zaka zingapo.
Umu ndi momwe m'modzi mwa akatswiri anzeru kwambiri m'mbiri ya anthu adamwalira.
