Adam Smith - Wolemba zachuma waku Scottish komanso wafilosofi, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa maphunziro azachuma ngati sayansi, woyambitsa sukulu yake yachikhalidwe.
Mbiri ya Adam Smith ili ndi zinthu zambiri zopezeka komanso zochititsa chidwi m'moyo wake.
Tikukuwonetsani mbiri yayifupi ya Adam Smith.
Mbiri ya Adam Smith
Adam Smith akuti adabadwa pa June 5 (16), 1723 ku likulu la Scotland - Edinburgh. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lophunzira.
Abambo ake, Adam Smith, adamwalira patatha milungu ingapo mwana wawo wamwamuna atabadwa. Ankagwira ntchito ngati loya komanso wogwirizira zikhalidwe. Amayi a wasayansi wamtsogolo, Margaret Douglas, anali mwana wamkazi wa mwini malo olemera.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Adam ali ndi zaka 4 zokha, adagwidwa ndi ma gypsy. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuyesetsa kwa amalume ndi abwenzi am'banjali, mwanayo adapezeka ndikubwerera kwa mayi ake.
Kuyambira ali mwana, Smith anali ndi mabuku ambiri, omwe adapezamo zambiri. Atakwanitsa zaka 14, adapambana mayeso ku Yunivesite ya Glasgow.
Kenako Adam adakhala wophunzira ku Balliol College, Oxford, ataphunzira kumeneko zaka 6. Nthawi yonseyi ya mbiri yake, anali kudwala mosalekeza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yonse yaulere kuwerenga mabuku.
Mu 1746, mnyamatayo adapita ku Kirkcaldy, komwe adadziphunzitsa kwa zaka ziwiri.
Malingaliro ndi zomwe Adam Smith adapeza
Pamene Smith anali ndi zaka 25, adayamba kuphunzitsa ku University of Edinburgh pamalamulo, mabuku achingerezi, zachuma ndi zachuma. Inali nthawi imeneyi mu mbiri yake pomwe adachita chidwi ndi mavuto azachuma.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Adam adapereka malingaliro ake okhudzana ndi ufulu wachuma kwa anthu. Posakhalitsa adakumana ndi David Hume, yemwe anali ndi malingaliro ofanana osati azachuma zokha, komanso andale, chipembedzo ndi filosofi.
Mu 1751, Adam Smith adasankhidwa kukhala profesa wazolingalira ku University of Glasgow, ndipo pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kukhala Dean wa Faculty.
Mu 1759 Smith adafalitsa The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Mmenemo, adadzudzula maziko amatchalitchi, ndikupemphanso kuti anthu azikhala ofanana.
Pambuyo pake, wasayansi uja adalemba ntchitoyi "Kafukufuku wazomwe zimayambitsa chuma cha mayiko." Apa wolemba adagawana malingaliro ake pantchito yogawanitsa anthu ndikudzudzula mercantilism.
M'bukuli, Adam Smith adatsimikizira zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kusalowererapo - chiphunzitso chachuma chomwe boma liyenera kulowerera pachuma.
Chifukwa cha malingaliro ake, Smith adatchuka kwambiri osati kwawo kokha, komanso kupitirira malire ake.
Pambuyo pake, wafilosofi uja anapita ku Ulaya. Akuchezera ku Geneva, adakumana ndi Voltaire pamalo ake. Ku France, adakwanitsa kudziwa malingaliro a Physiocrats.
Atabwerera kunyumba, a Adam Smith adasankhidwa kukhala Mnzake wa Royal Society yaku London. Pa mbiri ya 1767-1773. adakhala moyo wokhazikika, wolemba yekha.
Smith adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha buku lake The Wealth of Nations, lofalitsidwa mu 1776. Mwazina zake, wolemba adalongosola mwatsatanetsatane momwe zachuma zingagwirire ntchito mikhalidwe yaufulu wonse pachuma.
Komanso, ntchitoyi idalankhula za zinthu zabwino za kudzikonda. Kufunika kogawa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso kukula kwa msika wakukula kwa zokolola za anthu kunatsindika.
Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti tiwone zachuma ngati sayansi kutengera chiphunzitso cha bizinesi yaulere.
M'mabuku ake, Smith adatsimikizira kuti ntchito ya msika waulere pamaziko azachuma, osati kudzera munjira zakunja. Njira imeneyi imawonedwabe ngati maziko a maphunziro azachuma.
Mwina aphorism yotchuka kwambiri ya Adam Smith ndi "dzanja losawoneka". Chofunikira cha mawuwa ndikuti phindu lanu limatheka pokhapokha kukhutiritsa zosowa za wina.
Zotsatira zake, "dzanja losawoneka" limalimbikitsa opanga kuti azindikire zofuna za anthu ena, motero, moyo wabwino pagulu lonse.
Moyo waumwini
Malinga ndi magwero ena, a Adam Smith pafupifupi adakwatirana kawiri, koma pazifukwa zina adakhalabe bachelor.
Wasayansiyo amakhala ndi amayi ake ndi msuweni wosakwatiwa. Mu nthawi yake yaulere, amakonda kukachezera malo owonetsera. Kuphatikiza apo, iye ankakonda nthano mu mawonetseredwe ake aliwonse.
Atadziwika kwambiri komanso atalandira ndalama zambiri, a Smith adakhala moyo wosalira zambiri. Adagwira ntchito zachifundo ndikukonzanso laibulale yake.
Kudziko lakwawo, Adam Smith anali ndi kalabu yake. Monga lamulo, Lamlungu amakonza maphwando ochezeka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti nthawi ina adayendera Mfumukazi Ekaterina Dashkova.
Smith anali kuvala zovala wamba komanso nthawi zambiri ankanyamula ndodo. Nthawi zina bambo amayamba kuyankhula yekha, osatengera anthu omwe anali nawo pafupi.
Imfa
M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, Adam adadwala matenda am'mimba, chomwe chidakhala chifukwa chachikulu chakumwalira kwake.
Adam Smith adamwalira ku Edinburgh pa Julayi 17, 1790 ali ndi zaka 67.
