Euclid (Euclid) ndi wasayansi wakale wachi Greek komanso wamasamu. Imodzi mwa ntchito zake zotchuka imafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane maziko a geometry, planimetry, stereometry ndi lingaliro la manambala.
1. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki chakale, Εὐκλείδη “amatanthauza" ulemerero wabwino "," nthawi yakukula ".
2. Pali zochepa zonena za munthuyu. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti Euclid adakhala ndikuchita zasayansi m'zaka za zana lachitatu. BC e. ku Alexandria.
3. Aphunzitsi a masamu odziwika anali katswiri wafilosofi - Plato. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi malingaliro anzeru, Euclid mwachilengedwe amadziwika kuti ndi a Platonists, omwe amalingalira zinthu zinayi zokha - dziko lapansi, mpweya, moto ndi madzi.
4. Poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa mbiri yakale, pali mtundu wina womwe Euclid si munthu m'modzi, koma gulu la asayansi ndi anzeru pansi pa dzina labodza.
5. M'mawu a katswiri wamasamu Pappus waku Alexandria, akuti Euclid, modekha mwapadera komanso mwaulemu, amatha kusintha malingaliro ake mwachangu mwachangu. Koma kwa winawake amene anali ndi chidwi ndi masamu kapena amene angathandize pakukula kwa sayansi iyi.
6. Ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya Euclid "Beginnings" ili ndi mabuku 13. Pambuyo pake, awiri enanso adawonjezeredwa pamipukutu iyi - Gypsicles (200 AD) ndi Isidore waku Miletus (VI century AD).
7. Mukusonkhanitsa ntchito "Zoyambira" adachokera kuzinthu zonse zofunikira za geometry zomwe zadziwika mpaka pano. Potengera izi, mpaka lero, ana asukulu komanso ophunzira amaphunzira masamu ndipo palinso mawu oti "Euclidean geometry".
8. Pali ma geometri atatu onse - Euclid, Lobachevsky, Riemann. Koma ndizosiyana za wafilosofi wakale wachi Greek yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi wachikhalidwe.
9. Euclid panokha sanakonze ziphunzitsozo zokha, komanso mfundo zake. Otsatirawa adapulumuka osasintha ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka pano, zonse koma chimodzi - za mizere yofananira.
10. M'mabuku a Euclid, zonse zimamveka bwino komanso mwatsatanetsatane. Ndi kalembedwe kameneka kamene kamaganiziridwabe ngati chitsanzo cha zolemba zamasamu (osati kokha).
11. Olemba mbiri achiarabu akuti a Euclid adalemba ntchito zingapo - pa Optics, nyimbo, zakuthambo, ndimakaniko. Odziwika kwambiri ndi "Division of the Canon", "Harmonica", komanso amagwira ntchito zolemera komanso mphamvu yokoka.
12. Afilosofi onse akale achi Greek komanso akatswiri a masamu adalemba ntchito zawo kutengera ntchito za Euclid ndikusiya ndemanga zawo ndi zolemba zawo m'mabuku amomwe adalowererapo. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Pappus, Archimedes, Apollonius, Heron, Porfiry, Proclus, Simplicius.
13. Quadrivium - mafupa a masamu onse asayansi malinga ndi ziphunzitso za a Pythagoreans ndi Platonists, adawonedwa ngati gawo loyambirira la kuphunzira za filosofi. Sayansi yayikulu yomwe imapanga quadrivium ndi geometry, nyimbo, masamu, zakuthambo.
14. Nyimbo zonse munthawi ya Euclid zidalembedwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi masamu komanso kuwerengera bwino kwa mawu.
15. Euclid anali m'modzi mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri pakupanga laibulale yotchuka kwambiri - Alexandria. Panthawiyo, laibulale sinali nkhokwe yokha yamabuku, komanso inkagwira ntchito ngati malo asayansi.
16. Imodzi mwa nthano zosangalatsa komanso yotchuka imakhudzana ndi chikhumbo cha Tsar Ptolemy W kuti adziwe zoyambira za jiometri kuchokera ku ntchito za Euclid. Zinali zovuta kuti aphunzire sayansiyi, koma atafunsidwa za njira zosavuta kumva, wasayansi wotchuka uja adayankha "Palibe njira zachifumu mu geometry".
17. Dzina lina (latinized) mutu wa ntchito yotchuka kwambiri ya Euclid "Beginnings" - "Elements".
18. Ntchito za wolemba masamu wachi Greek wakale uyu monga "Pa kugawanika kwa ziwerengero" (zosungidwa pang'ono), "Data", "Phenomena" zimadziwika ndipo zikuwunikidwabe.
19. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kwa akatswiri ena a masamu ndi anzeru zaumulungu, matanthauzo ena a Euclid amadziwika kuchokera m'mabuku ake "Conical zigawo", "Porisms", "Pseudaria".
20. Omasulira oyamba a Elements adapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 11. ndi asayansi aku Armenia. Mabuku a ntchitoyi adamasuliridwa mu Chirasha kokha m'zaka za zana la 18.
