Dziko la maluwa ndilosiyanasiyana. Mwamuna yemwe adapanga masauzande amitundu yatsopano yamaluwa, osakhala ndi nthawi yofotokozera zomwe zilipo, adawonjezeranso kuyesayesa kwake pakukongoletsa kwachilengedwe kosiyanasiyana. Ndipo, monga chinthu chilichonse kapena chodabwitsa chomwe chakhala chikuperekeza munthu kwa nthawi yayitali, maluwa amakhala ndi mbiri yakale komanso nthano, zophiphiritsa komanso nthano, kumasulira komanso ndale.
Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwazambiri zopezeka pamitundu ndizambiri. Mutha kuyankhula za duwa limodzi kwa maola ambiri ndikulemba m'mabuku ambiri. Popanda kunamizira kuvomereza kukula kwake, taphatikizaponso mndandandawu osati odziwika bwino, koma zochititsa chidwi komanso nkhani zokhudzana ndi maluwa.
1. Monga mukudziwa, kakombo anali ku France chizindikiro cha mphamvu yachifumu. Ndodo yachifumu ya mafumu inali ndi pobowola ngati kakombo; duwa likuwonetsedwa pa mbendera ya boma, zikwangwani zankhondo komanso pachisindikizo cha boma. Pambuyo pa Great French Revolution, boma latsopanoli lidathetsa zizindikilo zonse za boma (olamulira atsopano nthawi zonse amakhala ofunitsitsa kulimbana ndi zizindikilo). Lily adasowa pagulu pafupifupi kwathunthu. Anapitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa zigawenga. Chifukwa chake, ngati Milady wochokera m'buku la "The Musketeers Atatu" akagwidwa ndi olimbikitsa kusintha, manyazi a boma lakale sakanasintha.
Maonekedwe omvetsa chisoni a ma tattoo amakono nthawi ina anali temberero lachifumu
2. Turner - banja lazomera, lomwe limaphatikizapo udzu, zitsamba ndi mitengo. Banja la mibadwo 10 ndi mitundu 120 limatchedwa dzina la duwa lotembenuza (nthawi zina dzina loti "Turner" limagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika). Maluwa omwe amakula ku Antilles adapezeka m'zaka za zana la 17th ndi Charles Plumier wazomera waku France. M'zaka zomwezo, akatswiri azam'madzi omwe anali kugwira ntchito m'minda amawerengedwa kuti ndi otsika kuposa asayansi omwe amakhala pamipando yomwe amachita sayansi "yoyera". Chifukwa chake, Plumier, yemwe adatsala pang'ono kumwalira m'nkhalango za West Indies, monga chizindikiro chaulemu, adatchula duwa lomwe adalipeza polemekeza "bambo wa botani wa Chingerezi" William Turner. Kuyenera kwa Turner asanafike ku botan ambiri komanso makamaka English English anali kuti, osachoka kuofesi yake, adafotokozera mwachidule ndikuphatikiza mu dikishonale imodzi mayina amitundu yambiri yazomera m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. Charles Plumier adatcha chomera china, begonia, polemekeza yemwe adamuthandiza, woyang'anira wamkulu wa zombozi, Michel Begon. Koma Begon, osachepera, adapita ku West Indies yekha ndikulemba mndandanda wazomera kumeneko, ataziwona patsogolo pake. Ndipo begonia ku Russia kuyambira 1812 amatchedwa "Khutu la Napoleon".
Turner
3. Ku Australia, New Zealand, Chile ndi Argentina, chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse cha Aristotelian chimakula, chotchedwa ndi wasayansi wakale wachi Greek. Yemwe adatcha shrub iyi, mwachiwonekere, ali mwana, anali atatopa kwambiri ndi chilankhulo chakale chachi Greek kapena malingaliro ovomerezeka - zipatso za Aristotelia ndizowawa kwambiri, ngakhale aku Chile amatha kupanga vinyo kuchokera kwa iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso za chomeracho, zomwe zimaphukira mumagulu ang'onoang'ono oyera oyera, ndizabwino kwa malungo.
4. Napoleon Bonaparte amadziwika kuti amakonda ma violets. Koma kubwerera ku 1804, pomwe ulemu wa amfumu udali usanakwaniritse, mtengo womwe umakula ku Africa wokhala ndi maluwa okongola modabwitsa udatchulidwa pomupatsa ulemu. Maluwa a Napoleon alibe masamba, koma pali mizere itatu yama stamens yomwe imakhazikika molumikizana. Mtundu wawo amasintha bwino kuyambira pachikasu choyera mpaka kumunsi kukhala kofiira pamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, pali peony wopanga moyenera wotchedwa "Napoleon".
5. Ponena za dzina lachi Russia, dzina lachiwiri lachijeremani. Mu 1870, asayansi aku Germany a Joseph Zuccarini ndi a Philip Siebold, polemba maluwa ku Far East, adaganiza zopatsa dzina la Mfumukazi yaku Russia ku Anna Anna Pavlovna pamtengo wotchuka wokhala ndi maluwa akulu ofiira otchedwa piramidi. Zinapezeka kuti dzina loti Anna linali likugwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Zilibe kanthu, asayansi adaganiza. Dzina lachiwiri la mfumukazi yomwe yangomwalira kumene sichilinso chilichonse, ndipo mtengowo udatchedwa Pawlovnia (womwe pambuyo pake udasinthidwa kukhala Paulownia). Mwachiwonekere, izi zimachitika mwapadera pomwe chomera chimatchulidwa osati ndi dzina kapena dzina, koma potengera dzina la munthu. Komabe, Anna Pavlovna amayenera ulemu wotere. Anakhala moyo wautali komanso wobala zipatso kutali ndi Russia, koma sanaiwale za kwawo, monga mfumukazi, kapena atamwalira mwamuna wake. Paulownia, mbali inayi, sadziwika kwambiri ku Russia, koma amadziwika kwambiri ku Japan, China ndi North America. Mitengo ndi yosavuta kuigwira ndipo imakhala yamphamvu kwambiri. Zogulitsa zingapo kuchokera muzidebe mpaka zida zoimbira zimapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Ndipo achi Japan amakhulupirira kuti kuti moyo wosangalala uyenera kukhala ndi zinthu za paulownia mnyumba.
Paulownia pachimake
6. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20, malonda ogulitsa malo 500 aku Parisian anali ma franc 60 miliyoni. Ruble waku Russia ndiye amawononga pafupifupi 3 franc, ndipo wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Russia adalandira ma ruble 320 a malipiro. Miliyoneya waku America Vanderbilt, powona m'sitolo yamaluwa yekhayo, monga wogulitsayo adatsimikizira, chrysanthemum yosowa ku Paris konse, nthawi yomweyo adapereka ma franc 1,500 chifukwa chake. Boma, lokongoletsa mzindawu paulendo wa Emperor Nicholas II, lidawononga ndalama pafupifupi 200,000 franc pamaluwa. Ndipo asanafike maliro a Purezidenti Sadi Carnot, olima maluwa adapeza chuma ndi theka la miliyoni.
7. Chikondi cha a Josephine de Beauharnais pankhani yamaluwa ndi zomera sichitha mu dzina la lappieria, duwa lomwe limamera ku Chile kokha. Kulumikizana pakati pa dzina la mfumukazi yaku France ndi dzina la chomeracho, sichodziwikiratu. Dzinalo lidapangidwa kuchokera ku gawo lina la dzina lake mpaka paukwati - lidatha mu "de la Pageerie". Lapazheria ndi mpesa womwe maluwa akulu ofiira (mpaka 10 cm) amakula. Zidapezeka koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19, ndipo patadutsa zaka zochepa, Lapazheria adakulira m'mabotolo aku Europe. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a chipatsocho, nthawi zina amatchedwa nkhaka waku Chile.
Lapazheria
8. Polemekeza wolamulira theka la Europe, Charles V waku Habsburg, ndi chitsamba chaminga chokha cha carlin chomwe chidatchulidwa. Poganizira kuti Charles adangokhala ndi korona wopitilira khumi, osawerengera korona wachifumu, ndiye kuti kuwunika kwa ntchito yake m'mbiri sikuwoneka mopepuka.
9. Wandale wodziwika ku England a Benjamin Disraeli, nthawi ina ali wachinyamata, atawona pamutu pa m'modzi mwa azimayi nkhata yamaluwa aku primrose, adati maluŵa awa ndi amoyo. Mnzake wakale sanagwirizane naye ndikupereka ndalama. Disraeli adapambana, ndipo msungwanayo adamupatsa nkhata. Kuyambira tsiku lomwelo, pamsonkhano uliwonse, mtsikanayo adapatsa fanyo maluwa oyamba. Posakhalitsa adamwalira mwadzidzidzi ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndipo Primrose idakhala maluwa achipembedzo a Prime Minister waku England kawiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chaka chilichonse pa Epulo 19, tsiku loti wandale amwalire, manda a Disraeli amaphimbidwa ndi kapepala ka ma primroses. Palinso League of Primroses, yomwe ili ndi mamiliyoni mamembala.
Primrose
10. Dutch tulip mania ya m'zaka za zana la 17, chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa ofufuza amakono, yasandulika mwambi, wowoneka bwino kuposa chinsinsi cha Bermuda Triangle kapena Dyatlov Pass - zikuwoneka kuti zambiri zowunikira zasonkhanitsidwa, koma nthawi yomweyo salola kuti pakhale zochitika zosasinthika ndipo, koposa zonse, zotsatira zake. Kutengera ndi zomwezo, ofufuza ena amalankhula zakugwa kwathunthu kwachuma ku Dutch, komwe kunatsatira kuphulika kwa babu. Ena amati chuma cha dzikolo chidapitabe patsogolo osazindikira zazing'onozing'ono zotere. Komabe, umboni wolemba za kusinthana kwa nyumba zamiyala iwiri yamabali atatu a tulip kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mababu m'malo mwa ndalama pamalonda ogulitsa zikusonyeza kuti mavutowa sanali achabe ngakhale kwa achi Dutch omwe anali olemera.
11. Polemekeza m'modzi mwa abambo a Britain, woyambitsa wa Singapore komanso wogonjetsa chilumba cha Java, Stamford Raffles, mbewu zingapo zimatchulidwa nthawi imodzi. Choyamba, ichi, kumene, ndi rafflesia wotchuka. Maluwa okongola okongolawo adapezeka koyamba ndiulendo womwe unatsogoleredwa ndi Captain Raffles yemwe samadziwika nthawi imeneyo. Dr. Joseph Arnold, yemwe adapeza zamtsogolo za rafflesia, anali asanadziwe za malo ake, ndipo adaganiza zokondweretsa bwana. Zotsatira zake, zidapezeka kuti polemekeza wochititsa wamkulu wandale wachikoloni ku Britain adatcha duwa lomwe lilibe tsinde ndi masamba, lotsogola moyo wovulaza. Mwinanso, potchula mbewu zina dzina la Sir Stamford: Raffles Alpinia, Nepentes Raffles ndi Raffles Dyschidia, adayesetsa kuyanjanitsa maluwa oyambilirawa ndi ndale zamakoloni.
Rafflesia imatha kukhala mita imodzi m'mimba mwake
12. Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Emperor wa ku Russia a Nicholas I, General Klingen adalandira udindo wapamwamba kwambiri woperekeza Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna ku Tsarskoe Selo. Mfumukaziyi ikadakhala m'zipinda zake, wamkuluyo, mokhulupirika pantchito yake, adapita kukayendera malowa. Alondawo adagwira ntchito mwaulemu, koma wamkuluyo adadabwa ndi mlonda, yemwe amayang'anira malo omwe akuwoneka kuti mulibe pakiyo, kutali ndi mabenchi ngakhale mitengo. Klingen anayesa koma sanapeze chilichonse mpaka atabwerera ku St. Pomwepo, m'modzi mwa omenyera ufuluwo, ndi pomwe adadziwa kuti udindowu udalamulidwa ndi Catherine II kuti azilondera duwa lokongola kwambiri lopangira mdzukulu wake. Amayi Empress adayiwala zazomwe adalemba tsiku lotsatira, ndipo asitikaliwo adakoka lambawo kwa zaka zina 30 zabwino.
13. Duwa la banja la Pushkinia silinatchulidwe dzina la wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu waku Russia. Mu 1802 - 1803 ulendowu waukulu udagwira ku Caucasus, ndikuwunika momwe matendawo alili. Mtsogoleri wa ulendowu anali Count A. A. Musin-Pushkin. Katswiri wa zamoyo Mikhail Adams, yemwe anali woyamba kupeza chipale chofewa chachilendo ndi fungo losasangalatsa, adachipatsa dzina la mtsogoleri wa ulendowu (kodi palinso tanthauzo lina loipa pano?). Count Musin-Pushkin adapeza duwa la dzina lake, ndipo atabwerera, Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna adapereka mphete kwa Adams.
Pushkinia
14. Kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana, msika wamaluwa ku Russia pankhani zandalama wasintha m'chigawo cha 2.6 - 2.7 biliyoni. Ziwerengerozi sizikuphatikizira kunja kochokera kunja ndi maluwa omwe amalimidwa m'mabanja. Mtengo wapakati wa duwa limodzi mdziko muno ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 100, ndikufalikira pafupifupi kawiri pakati pa Crimea ndi Far East.
15. Mu 1834, m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwa za botolo m'mbiri, a Augustin Decandol, posankha nkhadze ku Brazil ndi maluwa ofiira, adaganiza zopatsa dzinali dzina la woyenda ku England wodziwika komanso wamasamu a Thomas Harriott. Polemekeza amene anayambitsa masamu "zambiri" ndi "zochepa" komanso wogulitsa woyamba wa mbatata ku UK, cactus adatchedwa hariot. Koma popeza Decandol adatchulapo mitundu yoposa 15,000 pazaka zambiri pantchito yake, sizosadabwitsa kuti adadzitcha kale dzina (sikuti Decandol anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri azakafukufuku wa geagan Paganel?). Ndinayenera kupanga anagram, ndipo nkhadzeyo idapeza dzina latsopano - hatiora.
16. Zolembedwa "Netherlands" pabokosi lamaluwa sizitanthauza kuti maluwa omwe anali m'bokosimo adalimidwa ku Holland. Pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu aliwonse amsika wamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi amasinthana ndi Royal Flora Holland chaka chilichonse. Zogulitsa zochokera ku South America, Asia ndi Africa zimagulitsidwa posinthana maluwa ku Dutch kenako nkugulitsanso kumayiko otukuka.
17. A botanist aku America abale a Bartram mu 1765 adapeza ku Georgia mtengo wosadziwika wa piramidi wokhala ndi maluwa oyera ndi achikasu. Abalewo adabzala mbewu ku Philadelphia kwawo, ndipo mitengoyo itakula, adawapatsa dzina la Benjamin Franklin, mnzake wapamtima wa abambo awo. Panthawiyo, a Franklin, omwe anali kutali ndi kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi, anali chabe postmaster wa madera aku North America. Abale adakwanitsa kubzala Franklinia munthawi yake - kulima kwambiri nthaka ndi chitukuko chaulimi zidapangitsa kuti patadutsa zaka makumi angapo mtengowo udakhala mtundu wowopsa, ndipo kuyambira 1803, Franklinia imangowoneka m'minda yazomera zokha.
Maluwa a Franklinia
18. Asilamu amati mphamvu yoyeretsa ya duwa. Atalanda Yerusalemu mu 1189, Sultan Saladin adalamula kuti asambitse mzikiti wa Omar, ndikusandulika tchalitchi, ndi madzi a rose. Zinatengera ngamila 500 kuti zithandizire kuchuluka kwa madzi a duwa kuchokera mdera lomwe limakula. Mohammed II, yemwe adalanda Constantinople mu 1453, adatsukanso Hagia Sophia asadasanduke mzikiti. Kuyambira pamenepo, ku Turkey, ana obadwa kumene adatsanulidwa ndi maluwa amaluwa kapena atakulungidwa ndi nsalu yopyapyala ya pinki.
19. Fitzroy cypress adatcha dzina la woyang'anira wotchuka wa "Beagle" a Robert Fitzroy. Komabe, woyang'anira wolimba mtima sanali botanist, ndipo cypress idapezeka kale Beagle asanafike kugombe la South America mu 1831. Anthu aku Spain adatcha mtengo wamtengo wapataliwu, womwe udadulidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, "kuchenjeza" kapena "Patagonian cypress" kale m'zaka za zana la 17.
Cypress yotere imatha kukula kwazaka zambiri.
20. Nkhondo ya Scarlet ndi White Roses ku England, yomwe idatenga zaka 30 mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 15, ilibe chochita ndi maluwa. Sewero lonse lokhala ndi mitundu yosankha ya maluwa a banja lidapangidwa ndi William Shakespeare. M'malo mwake, olemekezeka aku England adamenyera mpando wachifumu wa mfumu kwa zaka makumi angapo, akuthandiza banja la Lancaster kapena banja la York. Maluwa ofiira ofiira komanso oyera atavala olamulira aku England, malinga ndi Shakespeare, adalumikizidwa ndi a Henry VI. Pambuyo pake, nkhondoyo idapitilira kwa zaka zambiri, mpaka wapathengo Lancaster Henry VI I adagwirizanitsa dziko lotopa ndikukhala woyambitsa mzera watsopano wa Tudor.
21. Polingalira za kuswana kosavuta kwa ma orchid, kungakhale kwotalika kwambiri kuti tithe kulemba mndandanda wa mitundu yawo, yotchedwa ndi anthu odziwika. Tiyenera kudziwa, mwina, kuti mtundu wina wamaluwa wamaluwa adatchedwa Mikhail Gorbachev. Otsika monga Jackie Chan, Elton John, Ricky Martin, kapena Frida Giannini, director director wa Gucci, akuyenera kukhalira ndi ziweto zopangira. Giannini, komabe, sanakhumudwe: nthawi yomweyo adatulutsa matumba 88 okhala ndi chithunzi cha orchid "wake", iliyonse imawononga ma euro masauzande angapo. Ndipo American Clint McAid, atapanga mtundu watsopano, adadzipatsa dzina loti Joseph Stalin, kenako kwa zaka zingapo adapempha Royal Society kuti alembetse mayina kuti asinthe dzina la orchid kukhala "General Patton".
Elton John wokhala ndi maluwa orchid
22. Nkhondo zamaluwa zomwe zimachitika m'maiko a Maya ndi Aztec m'zaka za zana la XIV sizinali, mwanjira yonse ya mawuwo, mwina maluwa kapena nkhondo. M'mayiko otukuka amakono, mipikisanoyi itha kutchedwa kuti mipikisano yolanda andende, yomwe imachitika malinga ndi malamulo ena, m'magulu angapo. Olamulira a m'mizinda yomwe idachitapo kanthu adatsimikizira pasadakhale kuti sipadzakhala kuba kapena kupha. Achichepere apita kutchire kukamenya nkhondo pang'ono, kutenga akaidi. Iwo, malinga ndi miyambo, amaphedwa, ndipo pakadutsa nthawi yomwe agwirizana zonse zizibwereza. Njira yowonongera chidwi cha achinyamata iyenera kuti idakondera anthu aku Spain, omwe adawonekera ku kontrakitala patatha zaka 200.
23. Malinga ndi nthano zakale zachi Greek, zokumbika zidawonekera pambuyo pa mulungu wamkazi Diana, atabwerako kusaka kosapambana, adakoka maso a m'busa wopanda ntchito, ndikuziponya pansi. Pamalo pomwe maso adagwa, maluwa awiri ofiira adakula. Chifukwa chake ma carnation ndi chizindikiro chotsutsa kupondereza kwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu. Kutenga kunagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi magulu onse awiri pazaka za French Revolution, kenako pang'onopang'ono chidakhala chizindikiro cha kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima.
Diana. Nthawi ino, zikuwoneka, kusaka kunayenda bwino
24. Mfumukazi yaku Russia a Maria Feodorovna, nee mfumukazi ya ku Prussia a Charlotte, anali ndi chizolowezi chomanga chimanga kuyambira ali mwana. Malinga ndi chikhulupiliro cha banja, anali maluwa a chimanga omwe adathandiza dziko lakwawo kuti lichire pambuyo pogonjetsedwa ndi Napoleon komanso kutaya theka la nthaka.Mfumukaziyi itamva kuti katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zamatsenga Ivan Krylov adadwala matenda opha ziwalo ndipo akumwalira, adatumizira wodwalayo maluwa a chimanga ndikumupempha kuti akakhale kunyumba yachifumu. Krylov adachira mozizwitsa ndikulemba nthano "Cornflower", momwe adadziwonetsera ngati duwa losweka, ndipo mfumukaziyi ndi dzuwa lopatsa moyo.
25. Ngakhale kuti maluwa ndi otchuka ku heraldry, ndipo mayiko ambiri ali ndi maluwa amtundu, maluwa samayimilidwa bwino m'mawu aboma. Maluwa a Hong Kong, kapena bauhinia, amakongoletsa zida zaku Hong Kong, ndipo pa mbendera yadziko lonse ya Mexico cactus imawonetsedwa pachimake. Manja a boma la South America la Guyana akuwonetsa kakombo, ndipo malaya aku Nepal amakongoletsedwa ndi mallow.
Mbendera ya Gokong
