Malingaliro a anthu okhudza zamatsenga ndi ofanana ndi kukhulupirira Mulungu - sizitengera chodabwitsa, koma malingaliro amunthuyo kwa iye. Kupatula pazosintha zazing'onoting'ono zolembedwa ndi asayansi mwa anthu omwe amadzitcha kuti amatsenga kapena amadzinenera kuti ali ndi kuthekera kwamphamvu, palibe umboni waukadaulo wa kuthekera koteroko.
Kumbali inayi, munthu aliyense adakumana ndi zochitika kapena zochitika zosamvetsetseka kuchokera pamaganizidwe anzeru, asayansi. Aliyense wakhala ndi zochitika zodabwitsa kapena zomveka zosamvetsetseka, malingaliro kapena malingaliro omwe amangobwera m'maganizo. Kwa ena zimachitika pafupipafupi, kwa ena sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma zinthu zoterezi zimachitika.
Ena mwamatsenga ali ndi kuthekera kwina, koma nthawi zambiri anthu omwe amafuna kupanga ndalama ponyenga ena amavala modzionetsera. Chowonadi chakuti pali zowononga zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa ndi madola miliyoni omwe adakali mchikwama cha amatsenga otchuka a James Randi. Wonyenga adakhazikitsa maziko awa mu 1996, ndikulonjeza kuti apereka miliyoni kwa aliyense yemwe akuwonetsa ukadaulo woyang'aniridwa ndi asayansi. Amatsenga m'mabuku awo pankhaniyi amangolemba kuti amaopa zoyeserera zolakwika.
James Randi akuyembekezera milionea
1. Paracelsus, yemwe amakhala m'zaka za zana la 16, amatha kuchiritsa odwala mwanjira yosawakhudza. Anatinso zilonda, zophulika ngakhale khansa zitha kuchiritsidwa posuntha maginito pamalo owonongeka amthupi. Ophunzira ake ndi omutsatira R. Fludd ndi O. Helmont sanagwiritsenso ntchito maginito. Akuti adapeza madzi apadera omwe ziwalo zina ndi ziwalo zina za thupi zimatulutsa. Amadzimadzi amatchedwa magnetism, ndipo anthu omwe amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito amatchedwa magnetisers.
Paracelsus
2. Roza Kuleshova adawonetsa zodabwitsa zamatsenga ku USSR. Popeza adaphunzira kuwerenga zilembo za akhungu (cholembera chapadera chakhungu), adayesanso kuwerenga buku wamba wamba. Ndipo zidapezeka kuti amatha kuwerenga zolemba ndikuwona zithunzi ndi gawo lililonse la thupi lake, ndipo chifukwa cha izi safunikira kukhudza pepalalo. Kuleshova anali mkazi wosavuta (maphunziro - maphunziro aukadaulo) ndipo samatha kufotokoza bwino mtundu wa zodabwitsazi. Malinga ndi iye, zithunzi zidabadwa muubongo wake, zomwe "adawerenga". Asayansi sakanatha kuvumbula Kulagina, kapena kumvetsetsa mtundu wa kuthekera kwake. Mtsikanayo (adamwalira ndi zaka 38) adazunzidwa kwenikweni, akuimbidwa mlandu wa machimo onse owopsa.
Roza Kuleshova
3. Dzinalo ndi Ninel Kulagina lidagunda ku Soviet Union. Mzimayi wazaka zapakati amatha kusuntha zinthu zazing'ono osazigwira, kuimitsa mtima wa chule, kutchula manambala omwe adawonetsedwa kumbuyo kwake, ndi zina. Manyuzipepala aku Soviet, modabwitsa, adagawika. Mwachitsanzo, Komsomolskaya Pravda ndi atolankhani am'deralo (Kulagina anali wochokera ku Leningrad) adathandizira mkaziyo, ngakhale kuti Pravda adasindikiza nkhani momwe Kulagina amatchedwa wobera komanso wobera. Kulagina yekha, monga Kuleshova, sakanatha kufotokoza zodabwitsazi. Sanayese kupeza phindu lililonse kuthekera kwake ndipo anavomera modzipereka kuyeserera kumeneku, ngakhale pambuyo pake adamva kuwawa kwambiri. Pambuyo pawonetsero umodzi wa mphatso yake kwa asayansi, omwe anali ophunzira atatu, kuwerengetsa kwake kwa magazi kunali 230 mpaka 200, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi chikomokere. Zomwe asayansi apeza zimatha kufotokozedwa mwachidule kuti: "Pali china, koma chosamveka."
Ninel Kulagina anasuntha zinthu ngakhale mu kyubu chagalasi
4. Mu 1970, motsogozedwa ndi Central Committee of the CPSU, Commission yapadera yophunzira zochitika za parapsychological idapangidwa. Anaphatikizapo akatswiri odziwika bwino, akatswiri amisala komanso oimira sayansi ina. Katswiri wazamisala Vladimir Zinchenko, yemwe adagwira nawo ntchito ya Commission, adakumbukira zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake kuti chifukwa cha zomwe adalandira panthawiyo, adatsala pang'ono kusiya kukhulupirira anthu. Anthu achipongwe olankhula mosabisa mawuwa adabwera kumisonkhano ya Commission kuti asayansi, ngakhale iwo omwe anali ndi chiyembekezo chazotheka zamatsenga, sanakhulupirire. Commissionyo idamira bwino "umboni" wokhoza kuwunika kwa ma psychology.
5. Wolemba wotchuka Stefan Zweig adalemba kuti zoyesera zonse pa telekinesis ndi telepathy, onse opanga maudindo, onse oyenda tulo komanso iwo omwe amafalitsa m'maloto amatsata makolo awo kuchokera pazoyeserera za Franz Mesmer. Kutha kwa Mesmer kuchiritsa "kugawa zamadzimadzi" ndikokokomeza, koma adapanga phokoso kwambiri ku Paris kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, akumakwanitsa kukhulupilira anthu ambiri olemekezeka mpaka mfumukazi. Mesmer adawona zifukwa zosamvetsetseka zomwe anthu adabatizidwa m'maganizo omwe adachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ophunzira ake aganiza kale pazifukwa zamaganizidwe amtunduwu komanso mtundu wamisala yomwe.
Franz Mesmer anali woyamba kuyika mlanduwu pamalonda
6. Chovulaza chachikulu kwa omwe amatsatira chiphunzitso cha maginito ndi omutsatira a Mesmer adakhudzidwa pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 ndi dokotala waku Scotland a James Braid. Kudzera m'mayesero ambiri, adatsimikizira kuti kumiza munthu m'matendawo mopanda tanthauzo kudalira wodwalayo. Kulimbikira kumakakamiza omvera kuti ayang'ane chinthu chowala chomwe chili pamwambapa. Izi zinali zokwanira kutsirikitsa munthu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito maginito, magetsi, kudutsa dzanja ndi zochita zina. Komabe, Braid adatsalira pang'ono kumbuyo kwa kuwulula kwamatsenga komanso patsogolo pang'ono pa chisokonezo chauzimu, kotero kupindula kwake kudaperekedwa ndi anthu wamba.
James Kuluka
7. Malingaliro olumikizana ndi mizimu akhalapo kwazaka mazana ambiri muzipembedzo zambiri, koma zamizimu zidafalikira padziko lonse lapansi (dzina loyenera la mpatuko uwu ndi "uzimu", koma pali zinthu ziwiri zauzimu, chifukwa chake tigwiritsa ntchito dzina lodziwika bwino) linali ngati matenda opatsirana. M'zaka zochepa, kuyambira mu 1848, kukhulupirira mizimu kunagonjetsa malingaliro ndi miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Manja adayikidwa patebulo m'chipinda chamdima kulikonse - kuchokera ku USA kupita ku Russia. Oimira otsogola ndi malingaliro amtunduwu amayenda kuzungulira mayiko ndi makontinenti monga akatswiri amakono a pop. Ndipo ngakhale pano, mazana a mipingo yamizimu ikupitilizabe ku Great Britain - kulumikizana ndi mizimu kukupitilizabe. FM Dostoevsky adalongosola momveka bwino momwe amawonera. Adalemba kuti sakhulupirira kulumikizana ndi mizimu, koma china chake chachilendo chikuchitika pamwambo wamizimu. Ngati izi sizingafotokozeredwe kudzera mu sayansi, Dostoevsky amakhulupirira, ndiye vuto la sayansi, osati chizindikiro chonyenga kapena chinyengo.
8. Aliyense atha kuchita mwayekha gawo losavuta lazamizimu pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wokhala ndi cholemera cholemedwa ndi chala cha dzanja lotambasulidwa. Kubweza kulemera kumbuyo ndi mtsogolo kumatanthauza yankho labwino, kumanzere ndi kumanja - koyipa. Mumtima mufunseni mizimu mafunso zam'mbuyomu kapena zamtsogolo - mayankho omwe mungakwanitse komanso malingaliro anu padziko lapansi adzakhala olondola. Chinsinsi chake nchakuti ubongo mosamala umalamulira timayendedwe ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwira. Ulusi wolemera ndi chida chowerengera malingaliro, chomwe chimakhulupirira theka lachiwiri la 19th.
9. Mutu wofalitsa mwachindunji wamaganizidwe mwa asayansi udayambitsidwa koyamba ndi wasayansi waku England a William Barrett mu 1876. Mwana wamkazi wa mnansi wake mdziko muno adawonetsa kuthekera komwe kudadabwitsa wasayansiyo. Adalemba pepala pankhani iyi ku Britain Association for the Advancement of Science. Ngakhale kuti Barrett anali ndi mbiri yoipa, poyamba adaletsedwa kuwerenga lipotilo, kenako adaloledwa kuwerenga, koma adaletsedwa kufalitsa lipotilo. Wasayansiyo anapitiliza kafukufuku wake, ngakhale anzawo anali kumudzudzula mwankhanza. Adakhazikitsa Society for Psychical Research ndipo adalemba mabuku pamutu womwe amamusangalatsa. Atamwalira, mkazi wamasiye wa Barrett adayamba kulandira mauthenga kuchokera kwa mamuna wake womwalirayo. Florence Barrett adafotokoza zauthengawu m'buku lofalitsidwa mu 1937.
10. Kwa zaka 20 kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, kupezeka kwa kuwerenga malingaliro kunkawoneka ngati kotsimikizika chifukwa cha a Douglas Blackburn ndi George Smith. Blackburn adagwira ntchito ngati mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ndipo adazunzidwa ndi maluso osatha, akumamuuza kuti auze dziko lapansi za kuthekera kwawo. Pamodzi ndi Smith, adaganiza zopusitsa ofufuza za kuwerenga. Mothandizidwa ndi zosavuta, monga kunapezeka pambuyo pake, zidule, adapambana. Malingaliro a okayikira ochepa sanazindikiridwe, chifukwa kuyeserera kwake kumawoneka kopanda chilema. Smith adakhala pampando pampando wofewa, womangidwa m'maso ndikukulungidwa kumutu mpaka kumapazi m'mabulangete angapo. Blackburn idaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe osadziwika a mizere ndi mikwingwirima. Mtolankhaniyo adawonetsa zomwe zili pachithunzichi, ndipo a Smith adazijambula ndendende. Zachinyengo zija zinawululidwa ndi a Blackburn omwe, omwe mu 1908 adati adakopera zojambulazo mwachangu ndikuzibisa pensulo, pomwe adasinthiratu pensulo yomwe adapangira Smith. Ameneyo anali ndi mbale yowala. Akuchotsa kumaso, "telepath" adatsitsa chithunzicho.
Uri Geller
11. Chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kupanga ndalama kwa mphatso yopatsirana m'maganizo chaperekedwa kwa pafupifupi theka la zana ndi Uri Geller. Adatchuka kumbuyo mzaka za m'ma 1970 chifukwa chopindika makapu ndi mphamvu, kutengera zojambula zobisika kwa iye ndikuyimitsa kapena kuyambitsa kanthawi pang'ono. Geller adasonkhanitsa omvera athunthu ndi mamiliyoni a omvera pa TV, ndikupeza mamiliyoni a madola. Akatswiri atayamba kuwulula pang’onopang’ono machenjera ake, adavomera kuti ayesedwe ndi asayansi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti panthawi yamavuto amthupi, thupi la Geller, makamaka zala, zimatulutsa mphamvu zina zomwe sizimachitika mwa anthu wamba. Koma palibenso china - mphamvu iyi sinathe kukhotetsa supuni yachitsulo kapena kuthandizira kuwona zojambula zobisika. Masipuni a Geller anali opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosalala chapadera, adazonda zojambulazo, wotchiyo inali chinyengo chabe. Vumbulutso silimulepheretsa Geller kupanga ndalama mwakuchita ngati mlendo wodalirika pazowonetsa zamatsenga zomwe zatchuka.
12. Wamatsenga wotchuka kwambiri ku Soviet Union anali Juna Davitashvili. Kafukufuku watsimikizira kuthekera kwake kukweza mwachangu kutentha kwa ziwalo zina za thupi ndikusamutsa kutentha kwa thupi lina la munthu. Kuthekera uku kudalola Juna kuchiza matenda ena ndikuthana ndi ululu kudzera kutikita thupi kosagwirizana. China chilichonse - chithandizo cha Leonid Brezhnev ndi atsogoleri ena a Soviet Union, kuzindikira matenda kuchokera pazithunzi, kuneneratu za nkhondo ndi mavuto azachuma - sizongonena chabe. Mphekesera zimanenanso za mphotho zake zambiri zaboma komanso magulu ankhondo ambiri.
Juna
13. Anthu ambiri sadzakhala ndi mayanjano ndi dzina la Vangelia Gushterov. Mtundu wofupikitsidwa - Wanga - amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kutchuka kwa mkazi wakhungu wakumudzi wakutali waku Bulgaria yemwe amadziwa kuzindikira matenda, kudutsa m'mbuyomu kwa anthu ndikulosera zamtsogolo kunayambiranso m'zaka za nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Mosiyana ndi atsogoleri aku Soviet Union komanso asayansi, anzawo aku Bulgaria sanakumbe chofunikira cha mphatso ya Vanga. Mu 1967, adasankhidwa kukhala wogwira ntchito zaboma ndipo ndalama zokhazikika zidakhazikitsidwa kuti alandire nzika, ndipo nzika zamayiko omwe si achikhalidwe chawo zimayenera kulipira $ 50 popita ku Vanga m'malo mwa ma ruble 10 kwa nzika zamayiko mamembala a CMEA. Boma limathandizira Wang m'njira zonse zotheka ndikuthandizira kutengera maulosi ake. Nthawi zambiri, maulosi awa adafotokozedwa m'njira zambiri, monga zidachitidwira ndi Nostradamus - amatha kutanthauziridwa mwanjira iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, zolosera zina za Wanga zimatsutsana ndi zina. Zaka makumi awiri zapita kuchokera pa imfa ya Vanga, ndipo titha kunena kuti kuneneratu, kofotokozedwa makamaka kapena pang'ono, sikunakwaniritsidwe.
Vanga
14. Sylvia Brown ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku USA. Maluso ake amisala, malinga ndi a Brown, amamulola kuneneratu zamtsogolo, kufufuza milandu ndikuwerenga malingaliro ngakhale pafoni (kuyambira $ 700 pa ola limodzi). Brown ndiwotchuka kwambiri kotero kuti anthu amapanga ndalama posindikiza mabuku omwe amamuwonetsa. Kutchuka kwa Sylvia sikukhudzidwanso ndi milandu yabodza, ngakhale kuti zoneneratu zomwe adachita sizinachitike - Brown alibe ulemu wa Nostradamus kapena Wanga ndipo amafotokoza zenizeni. Akadapanda kulosera kuti "Saddam Hussein akubisala m'mapiri," koma akananena kuti "akubisala, koma agwidwa," kukadakhala kotsimikizika. Ndipo otsutsa adapeza mwayi wina wodziwonetsera - Hussein adapezeka m'mudzimo. Ndipo choyipitsitsa ndikutenga nawo gawo kwake pakufufuza milandu yomwe ili mlengalenga pamaso pa abale a omwe adachitidwa chipongwe kapena omwe akusowa. Mwa milandu 35, Brown sanathandize kuthana ndi umodzi.
Sylvia Brown
15. Russell Targ ndi Harold Puthoff kwa zaka 24 adatenga kuchokera ku CIA ndalama zoposa $ 20 miliyoni, kuyesa kufalitsa malingaliro patali. Ntchitoyi idatchedwa "Stargate" mwachisoni. Kuyesaku kunapangidwa chifukwa choti m'modzi mwa anthu awiriwa amayenera kukhala mu labotale, ndipo wachiwiri kuyendera malo osiyanasiyana ndikunena kudzera mu "kulumikizana kwamaganizidwe". CIA idasankha kafukufuku kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe, koma kutulutsa kunachitika. Zomwe adalandira zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuti milandu pomwe wogwira ntchito mu labotoreti adazindikira molondola komwe mnzakeyo ali kutali ndipo zitha kuchitika mwangozi.
