Wolemba ndakatulo, womasulira, wolemba nkhani komanso wolemba masewero a Joseph Brodsky (1940 - 1996) adabadwira ku Soviet Union, koma adakhala zaka zambiri ku United States. Brodsky anali wolemba ndakatulo zopambana (mu Chirasha), zolemba zabwino kwambiri (makamaka mu Chingerezi) ndi ntchito za mitundu ina. Mu 1987, adapambana Nobel Prize for Literature. Mu 1972 Brodsky adakakamizidwa kuchoka ku USSR pazifukwa zandale. Mosiyana ndi omwe adasamukira kudziko lina, ndakatulo iyi sinabwerere kwawo ngakhale kusintha kwandale. Kuzunzidwa kwa atolankhani komanso nthawi yoti akhale m'ndende chifukwa cha parasitism yomwe idayamwa kuchokera chala idasiya bala kwambiri mumtima mwake. Komabe, kusamuka sikunakhale tsoka kwa Brodsky. Adasindikiza bwino mabuku ake, adakhala moyo wabwino ndipo sanatengeke ndi chidwi. Nazi zina zomwe zapezeka kuchokera pamafunso ndi nkhani za Brodsky kapena abwenzi ake apamtima:
1. Mwa kuvomereza kwake, Brodsky adayamba kulemba ndakatulo ali ndi zaka 18 (adasiya sukulu ali ndi zaka 16). Ndakatulo zake ziwiri zoyambirira zidasindikizidwa pomwe wolemba adakwanitsa zaka 26. Zonse pamodzi, ntchito 4 za wolemba ndakatulo zidasindikizidwa ku USSR.
2. Brodsky sanachite dala ziwonetsero zandale kapena ntchito zachitukuko - anali wotopa. Amatha kuganiza za zinthu zina, koma sanafune kuyamba kuchitapo kanthu.
3. Olemba ndakatulo okondedwa anali Haydn, Bach ndi Mozart. Brodsky adayesetsa kukwaniritsa kupepuka kwa Mozart mu ndakatulo, koma chifukwa chosowa njira zofotokozera ndakatulo poyerekeza ndi nyimbo, ndakatuloyo idamveka ngati mwana, ndipo wolemba ndakatulo adayimitsa zoyesayesazi.
4. Brodsky anayesera kulemba ndakatulo mu Chingerezi, komabe, m'malo mwa zosangalatsa. Pambuyo angapo ntchito, sanapite.
5. Kutsekedwa, wolemba ndakatulo amakhulupirira, kumathandiza pakukula kwamanenedwe makamaka ndi ndakatulo zambiri. M'malo mwake, Brodsky adati, ndale sizinakhudze zolemba zaku Soviet Union.
6. Ku USSR, akugwira ntchito ya geologist, Brodsky adapita kumadera ambiri a Soviet Union, kuchokera ku Siberia ndi Far East mpaka Central Asia. Chifukwa chake, kuopseza kwa wofufuzayo kuti amutenge, pomwe Makar sanayendetse ng'ombe, zidamupangitsa Brodsky kumwetulira.
7. Chochitika chachilendo kwambiri chidachitika mu 1960. Brodsky wazaka 20 ndi mnzake Oleg Shakhmatov adanyamuka ulendo wobera ndege kuchokera ku USSR kupita ku Iran kupitilira kuyankhula ndi kugula matikiti a ndegeyo, nkhaniyi sinapite (iwo adangoletsa ray), koma pambuyo pake Shakhmatov adauza oyang'anira zamalamulo za pulani yawo. Pachigawo ichi, Brodsky sanazengedwe mlandu, koma pamlanduwo adamukumbukira mlandu wokhudza parasitism.
8. Ngakhale kuti Brodsky anali Myuda ndipo adakumana ndi izi kangapo kusukulu, anali m'sunagoge kamodzi kokha m'moyo wake, ndipo ngakhale anali ataledzera.
9. Brodsky ankakonda vodka ndi kachasu kuchokera ku mowa, anali ndi malingaliro abwino a kogogoda ndipo samatha kupukuta vinyo wowuma wowuma - chifukwa cha kutentha kwamtima kosapeweka.
10. Wolemba ndakatulo uyu anali wotsimikiza kuti Yevgeny Yevtushenko amadziwa za cholinga cha akuluakulu aku Soviet Union kuti amuthamangitse kumsasa mwezi watha. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka sanadziwitse mnzake za izi. Brodsky amadziwika kuti Yevtushenko ndi wabodza potengera ndakatulo, ndipo Andrei Voznesensky ndi wabodza mu zokongoletsa zake. Pamene Yevtushenko adalandiridwa ku American Academy, Brodsky adachoka.
11. Anti-Semitism ku USSR idadziwika kwambiri pakati pa olemba ndi anzeru ena. Brodsky sanakumaneko ndi anti-Semites pakati pa anthu ogwira ntchito.
12. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Brodsky adachita lendi kanyumba kena pafupi ndi Leningrad ku Komarovo pafupi ndi nyumba yomwe Anna Akhmatova amakhala. Wolemba ndakatulo sanatchulepo malingaliro ake achikondi kwa wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu, koma adalankhula za iye mwachikondi chofooketsa.
13. Anna Akhmatova atamwalira mu 1966, a Joseph Brodsky adachita nawo maliro ake - amuna awo adakana kutenga nawo mbali m'gulu lawo.
14. Panali akazi ambiri m'moyo wa Brodsky, koma Marina Basmanova adakhalabe woyang'anira. Anabwerera ku USSR mu 1968, koma, akukhala ku USA, Brodsky amakumbukira Marina nthawi zonse. Tsiku lina adakumana ndi mtolankhani waku Dutch wofanana kwambiri ndi Marina, ndipo nthawi yomweyo adamupempha. Joseph adapita ku Holland kuti akapezeko Marina, koma adabwerako ali wokhumudwa - Marina-2 anali kale ndi wokondedwa, komanso anali wokonda zachuma.
Marina Basmanova
15. "Malo opatulika sakhala opanda kanthu," Brodsky adayankha atamva kuti adatulutsidwa m'ndende tsiku lomwelo lomwe Sinyavsky ndi Daniel adalengezedwa.
16. Kwazaka zambiri, Joseph adayamba kulemba ndakatulo zochepa. Ngati mzaka za m'ma 1970, ntchito zolembera 50-60 zimasindikizidwa chaka chilichonse kuchokera pa cholembera chake, chomwe sichikhala zaka 10-15 pambuyo pake.
17. Marshal GK Zhukov Brodsky adayitanitsa Mohican wofiira womaliza, akukhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa akasinja ku Zhukov ku Moscow mchilimwe cha 1953 kudalepheretsa kupandukira komwe kunapangidwa ndi LP Beria.
18. Brodsky adalumikiza kufulumira kwa kuchoka kwake ku USSR ndi ulendo wotsatira wa purezidenti waku America mdzikolo. Ku Soviet Union, madzulo a Richard Nixon asanafike, adayesetsa mwachangu kuchotsa onse omwe anali atasokonekera.
19. Ku New York, wolemba ndakatuloyu adayamba kukonda zakudya zaku China komanso India. Nthawi yomweyo, adawona malo odyera ambiri aku Georgia ndi Armenia ku United States ngati zakudya wamba zaku Europe.
20. Brodsky adatenga nawo gawo pothawira ku United States wovina wotchuka wa ballet Alexander Godunov (pambuyo pake Godunov adakhala wosewera wodziwika bwino). Wolemba ndakatuloyu adamupatsa wovinayo malo othawirako m'nyumba ya m'modzi mwa omwe amamudziwa, kenako ndikumuthandiza pokambirana ndi mkazi wake Elena, yemwe adatsekedwa ndi akuluakulu aku US pa eyapoti. Kennedy, ndikulandila zikalata zaku America ndi Godunov. Lyudmila Vlasova bwinobwino anaulukira kwawo, kumene anakhala choreographer anafuna, amene ankachita kuvina kwa angapo chithunzi siketing'i nyenyezi. Elena Iosifovna akadali moyo. Godunov, zaka 16 atathawira ku United States, adamwalira ndiuchidakwa.
Alexander Godunov ndi Lyudmila Vlasova. Tili limodzi ...
21. Wolemba ndakatulo adachitidwa maoparesi awiri otseguka mtima. Mitsempha yake yamagazi idasinthidwa moyandikira pafupi ndi mtima, ndipo opaleshoni yachiwiri inali kukonza koyambirira. Ndipo, ngakhale zili choncho, Brodsky adamwa khofi mpaka masiku omaliza a moyo wake, akusuta ndudu, ndikung'amba fyuluta, ndikumwa mowa.
22. Posankha kusiya kusuta, Brodsky adapita kwa a Dotolo a hypnotist a Joseph Dreyfus. Akatswiri otere ku USA ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri pantchito zawo. Dreyfus nazonso. Joseph adalemba kaye cheke cha $ 100, ndipo atangomaliza kusankhaku kudayamba. Kudutsa kwamatsenga kwa adokotala kunamusangalatsa Brodsky, ndipo sanatengeko pang'ono. Dreyfus adakwiya pang'ono, kenako nati wodwalayo ali ndi chifuniro champhamvu kwambiri. Ndalamazo, sizinabwerere. Brodsky adathedwa nzeru: kodi ndi chifuniro champhamvu chotani chomwe munthu angakhale nacho amene sangathe kusiya kusuta?
23. Kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana Brodsky adakondwerera Khrisimasi ku Venice. Ichi chidakhala ngati mwambo kwa iye. Anaikidwa m'manda mumzinda uno waku Italiya. Kukonda Italy sikunali kwangozi - ngakhale munthawi ya Leningrad ya moyo wake, wolemba ndakatuloyo anali kuwadziwa bwino aku Italiya omwe amaphunzira ku Leningrad kusukulu yophunzira. Anali Gianni Buttafava ndi kampani yake omwe adalimbikitsa wolemba ndakatulo waku Russia kukonda Italy. Phulusa la Brodsky lidayikidwa ku Venice.
24. Kulengezedwa kwa mphotho ya Nobel Prize in Literature kunapeza Brodsky ku London nthawi ya nkhomaliro ndi katswiri wofufuza zamtundu wotchuka John Le Carré.
25. Pa Mphoto ya Nobel Prize ya 1987, Brodsky adavina ndi Mfumukazi yaku Sweden.
26. Brodsky amakhulupirira kuti wolemba ndakatulo waluso sayenera kukhala wokondwa kuyika zolemba zake munyimbo. Ngakhale kuchokera pamapepala ndizovuta kwambiri kufotokoza zomwe zili mu ndakatulo, ndipo ngakhale ngati nyimbo imaseweredwa pakamwa ...
27. Pomwepo, Brodsky adadabwitsa kwambiri kutchuka kwake. Nthawi zambiri amatchula ntchito zake monga "stishats". Ophunzira aku America okha ndi omwe adamuyitana mayina ndi mayina awo, akufuna kuchita zachinyengo kwa profesa. Aliyense womuzungulira amatcha ndakatuloyo dzina lake, ndipo iyemwini nthawi zonse ankatsindika kufunikira kwa omwe adapanga zakale, kuwatcha "Alexander Sergeich" (Pushkin) kapena Fyodor Mikhalych ("Dostoevsky).
28. Brodsky adayimba bwino kwambiri. Ku USA, m'makampani ang'onoang'ono, samakonda kuimba - udindo wake suloledwa. Koma mu malo odyera "Russian Samovar", gawo lomwe wolemba ndakatulo anali nalo, nthawi zina amatenga maikolofoni, amapita ku limba ndikuimba nyimbo zingapo.
29. Nthawi ina, atakhala wolandila Nobel kale, Brodsky anali kufunafuna nyumba (m'nyumba yapitayi, ngakhale abwenzi ake anali atamuchenjeza, adayikapo ndalama zokwana madola masauzande angapo, ndipo adayikidwa bwino pamsewu mwayi woyamba). Amakonda nyumba imodzi pafupi ndi nyumba yakale. Dzinalo "Joseph Brodsky" silinanene chilichonse kwa mwininyumbayo, ndipo adayamba kufunsa Joseph ngati ali ndi ntchito yolipira yokhazikika, kodi apanga maphwando aphokoso, ndi zina zotero. Brodsky adayankha mu monosyllables, ndipo mwininyumba adaganiza zomupezera renti - Madola 1,500, ndipo mumayenera kulipira miyezi itatu nthawi imodzi. Pokonzekera kuchita malonda, mwininyumbayo adachita manyazi kwambiri pomwe Brodsky adamulembera pomwepo cheke. Podzimva kuti ndi wolakwa, mwiniyo adatsuka nyumba yomwe inali pakhomo lolowera ku Brodsky, zomwe zidakhumudwitsa mlendoyo - m'fumbi ndi ziphuphu, nyumba yatsopanoyi idamukumbutsa nyumba zakale zaku Europe.
30. Kale m'ma 1990, Brodsky atadzazidwa ndi mwayi wobwerera kudziko lakwawo, mnzake adamujambula pakhomo la St. Petersburg komwe wolemba ndakatuloyo amakhala. Pakhoma panali mawu akuti mnyumbayo anali wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu waku Russia Brodsky. Pamwambapa mawu oti "ndakatulo yaku Russia" adalembedwa molimba mtima "Myuda". Wolemba ndakatulo sanabwere ku Russia ...
