Palibe ngakhale zaka forte zapita kuchokera pa imfa ya Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov, koma leaps masiku ano ndi malire a mbiri m'mbuyo mopambanitsa kuyesera kusintha dongosolo ndale ndi zachuma za Soviet Union zogwirizana ndi dzina la Andropov. Andropov iyemwini anali kukonzekera kuyesaku kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo adayamba kuyigwiritsa ntchito, ndikukhala mu 1982 Secretary General wa Central Committee ya CPSU.
Tsoka, mbiri ndi thanzi zidamupatsa chaka chimodzi ndi miyezi itatu yogwira ntchito iyi, ndipo nthawi imeneyo Andropov adakhala nthawi yayitali mchipatala. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale anthu am'nthawi ya Andropov, kapena sitingadziwe momwe Soviet Union ikanawonekera ngati Yuri Vladimirovich akanazindikira malingaliro ake.
Mbiri ya Andropov ndiyotsutsana monga ndale zake. Pali zambiri zosamvetsetseka komanso mipata chabe. Chinthu chachikulu mmoyo wa mlembi wamkulu, mwina, ndikuti sanagwire ntchito yopanga zenizeni kwa tsiku limodzi. Maudindo akuluakulu mu Komsomol ndi chipani amapereka zida zamagetsi, koma sizimathandizira m'njira iliyonse kukhazikitsa malingaliro ndi moyo weniweni. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito ya Andropov idayamba m'zaka zomwe kulephera kutsatira malamulo a akuluakulu kunali kosatheka.
1. Malinga ndi zolembedwazo, Yu.V. Andropov adabadwa mu 1914 ku Stavropol Territory. Komabe, adalandira satifiketi yakubadwa kudera la Cossack ali ndi zaka 18 zokha. Zambiri zimati mlembi wamkulu wamtsogolo adabadwira ku Moscow. Ofufuza ena amaganiza kuti dzina la Andropov, dzina lake lenileni, ndi dzina lodziwika ndi dzina lodziwika bwino, popeza abambo ake anali a Finn omwe anali mkulu wa gulu lankhondo lachifumu, lomwe mzaka zimenezo silinathandize pachipani chake.
2. Yuri Vladimirovich moyo wake wonse adadwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa chake adakumana ndi mavuto owoneka bwino.
3. Andropov analibe maphunziro apamwamba - anamaliza maphunziro awo ku sukulu yaukadaulo yamtsinje ndi Higher Party School - bungwe lomwe limapereka maphunziro apamwamba kwa ogwira ntchito nomenklatura.
4. Pazaka zopitilira 10, Andropov, wochokera ku secretary wa bungwe la Komsomol ku sukulu yaukadaulo, adakhala mlembi wachiwiri wa chipani cha chikominisi cha Republican.
5. Mbiri yolembayi imati Andropov amatsogoleredwa ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo lochita zachiwawa ku Karelia, komabe, mwina, izi sizowona. Andropov alibe malamulo ankhondo - amangokhala ndi mendulo zokwanira.
6. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, ntchito ya Andropov pazifukwa zina imapanga zigzag - chipani cha chipani chimakhala kazembe, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, poyamba, wamkulu wa dipatimenti ya Unduna wa Zakunja, kenako kazembe ku Hungary.
7. Chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pothana ndi kuwukira kwa Hungary, Andropov adalandira Lamulo la Lenin. Koma sanatengeke kwambiri ndi zomwe adalandira kuti ngakhale kusintha komwe, koma kukhululukidwa pang'ono mu ndale zapakhomo kumatha kubwera - zochitika zaku Hungary zidayamba ndi zofuna zazing'ono monga msonkhano wa chipani cha chipani ndikuwononga chipilala cha Stalin. Anamaliza ndi achikominisi atapachikidwa pabwalo, ndipo nkhope za omwe adaphedwa zidawotchedwa ndi acid.
8. Makamaka a Andropov, dipatimenti idapangidwa ku Central Committee ya CPSU yoyang'anira mgwirizano ndi zipani zachikomyunizimu zakunja. Yuri Vladimirovich anatsogolera kwa zaka 10.
9. Kwa zaka 15 zotsatira, Andropov adatsogolera KGB ya USSR.
10. Yu Andropov adakhala membala wa Politburo wa Central Committee ku 1973 ali ndi zaka 59.
11. Mu Meyi 1982, Andropov adasankhidwa kukhala Secretary, ndipo mu Novembala - Secretary General wa CPSU Central Committee. Pomwepo, Secretary General adakhala mtsogoleri wa boma la Soviet pa June 16, 1983, pomwe njira yosankhidwa kukhala Chairman wa Presidium of the Supreme Soviet idachitika.
12. Kale mu Julayi 1983, thanzi la Andropov linafooka kwambiri. Pa February 9 chaka chotsatira, adamwalira ndi impso.
13. Ngakhale panali zovuta pamalamulo akunja, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti waku America a George W. Bush ndi Prime Minister waku Britain a Margaret Thatcher adakwera ndege kupita kumaliro a Y. Andropov.
14. Mu Januwale 1984, magazini ya Time idatchula andale awiri nthawi imodzi kuti "Munthu Wakale": Purezidenti waku America Reagan ndi Secretary General wa Soviet akumwalira Andropov.
15. Monga mutu wa KGB, Andropov adalimbikitsanso nkhondo yolimbana ndi gulu lotsutsa, ndikupanga izi mwapadera (Gawo 5) mkati mwa ntchito yake. Otsutsa adayesedwa, adathamangitsidwa, adathamangitsidwa ku USSR, ndipo adawakakamiza kuzipatala zamisala. Pofika koyambirira kwa ma 1980, gulu lotsutsa lidagonjetsedwa.
Gawo lachisanu silinangophatikiza omenyera nkhondo okhaokha, komanso magulu olimbana ndi uchigawenga omwe adapangidwa molingana ndi wapampando wa komiti.
17. Nthawi yomweyo, Andropov adayesetsa kutsuka gulu la nomenklatura. Pakadali pano, zida zowonongera zimangotoleredwa mu KGB, ndipo atasankhidwa a Yuri Vladimirovich ngati mlembi wamkulu wadzikolo, njira zogwirira ntchito zidayamba kuthana ndi ziphuphu ndi ziphuphu. Ena mwa iwo adathera m'ndende. Udindo wa olakwawo ulibe kanthu - nduna, oimira gulu losankhika komanso abale komanso abwenzi apamtima a Andropov omwe adakonzeratu a Leonid Brezhnev adakhala padoko.
18. Kulanda alendo opita kumalo owonetsera makanema, malo odyera, ometa tsitsi, malo osambira, ndi zina zambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito tsopano kukuwoneka ngati chidwi ndipo anthu sawazindikira. Komabe, lingaliro la zomwe aboma anali kuchita linali lowonekera: dongosolo liyenera kukhazikitsidwa osati pamwambapa, komanso pansipa.
19. Makambirano okhudza ufulu wina wa Andropov, kukonda kwake nyimbo zaku Western komanso mabuku adangofalitsa mphekesera mwaluso. Andropov angawoneke waluntha pokhapokha motsutsana ndi mamembala ena a Politburo. Ndipo wolemba Julian Semyonov, yemwe anali ndiubwenzi wapafupi ndi Andropov, adathandizira kufalitsa mphekesera.
20. Zitha kukhala zochitika zingapo, koma zingapo zakufa mwadzidzidzi kwa omwe atha kulowa m'malo mwa L. Brezhnev (Marshal A.A. Grechko, wamkulu wa boma A. N. Kosygin, membala wa Politburo F. D. Kulakov, mtsogoleri wa Chipani cha Komyunizimu ku Belarusian P. M. Masherov ) komanso kuzunzidwa pafupifupi kwa wapampando wa a Leningrad City Committee G. Romanov ndi membala wa Politburo A. Shelepin akuwoneka okayikira kwambiri. Kupatula Grechko, anthu onsewa anali ndi chiyembekezo chokhala pampando wapamwamba kwambiri mdziko muno kuposa Andropov.
21. Mfundo ina yokayikitsa. Pamsonkhano wa Politburo, pomwe Andropov adasankhidwa kukhala mlembi wamkulu, mtsogoleri wa Party Yachikomyunizimu ya Ukraine V. Shcherbitsky, yemwe anali ku United States, amayenera kutenga nawo mbali. Ulamuliro wa a Shcherbitsky unali waukulu kwambiri, koma sanathe kutenga nawo mbali pamsonkhanowu - akuluakulu aku America anachedwetsa kuchoka kwa ndegeyo ndi gulu laku Soviet.
22. Andropov adasankha mayendedwe osachita bwino ku Soviet Union pankhani yaku South Korea Boeing kuwombera ku Far East. Kwa masiku 9 kuchokera pomwe wopalambayo adaphedwa ndi woyendetsa ndege waku Soviet, utsogoleri wa Soviet udangokhala chete, ndikuyamba kunena zosamveka bwino za TASS. Ndipo pokha pamene anti-Soviet hysteria idayamba kale padziko lapansi mwamphamvu, kuyesayesa kunayamba kufotokoza kuti palibe amene amafuna kumva - aliyense amadziwa motsimikiza kuti anthu aku Russia apha anthu osalakwa 269.
23. Zosintha pakuwongolera kwachuma, zomwe zidachitika munthawi yochepa yaulamuliro wa Andropov, zidatsegula njira ya perestroika ya Gorbachev. Ngakhale pamenepo, magulu ogwira ntchito ndi oyang'anira mabizinesi adalandila ufulu wambiri, zoyeserera zidayamba m'mautumiki ena.
24. Yuri Andropov adayesa kuyendetsa mfundo zakunja. Koma nthawiyo inali yovuta kwambiri kuti ubale wina pakati pa USSR ndi West ukhale wokhazikika. Purezidenti Reagan adalengeza kuti Soviet Union ndi "Ufumu Woipa", adatumiza mivi ku Europe ndikuyambitsa pulogalamu ya Star Wars. Mlembi wamkulu wa Soviet adasokonezedwanso ndi thanzi lake - atangokhala mchipatala, samatha kulumikizana ndi atsogoleri akunja.
25. Andropov akuimbidwa mlandu wovuta kwambiri womwe udachitika pokhudzana ndi kulowa kwa asitikali ku Afghanistan. Komabe, anali m'modzi yekha mwa atatu omwe adayankhula pamsonkhano wa Politburo, zomwe zidapanga chisankho chopambana.
