Pyramid of Cheops ndi cholowa cha chitukuko chakale cha Aigupto; alendo onse omwe amabwera ku Egypt amayesa kuziwona. Zimakhudza malingaliro ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu. Kulemera kwa piramidiyo kuli pafupifupi matani 4 miliyoni, kutalika kwake ndi mamita 139, ndipo zaka zake ndi zaka 4.5 zikwi. Sizidziwikiratu kuti anthu amamanga bwanji mapiramidi munthawi zamakedzana. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino chifukwa chake nyumba zokongolazi zidamangidwa.
Nthano za piramidi ya Cheops
Ataphimbidwa mwachinsinsi, Igupto wakale anali dziko lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Mwina anthu ake ankadziwa zinsinsi zomwe sizinapezeke kwa anthu amakono. Kuyang'ana pamiyala yayikulu yamiyala, yomwe imayikidwa mwandondomeko yeniyeni, mumayamba kukhulupirira zozizwitsa.
Malinga ndi nthano ina, piramidiyo inali yosungira tirigu panthawi ya njala yayikulu. Zochitika izi zafotokozedwa m'Baibulo (Bukhu la Eksodo). Farao adalota maloto aulosi omwe amachenjeza za zaka zingapo zowonda. Yosefe, mwana wa Yakobo, wogulitsidwa ndi abale ake, adakwanitsa kumasulira loto la Farao. Wolamulira wa ku Aigupto analangiza Yosefe kuti akonze dongosolo loti agulitse mbewu, namuika kukhala phungu wake woyamba. Zosungiramo zidayenera kukhala zazikulu, poganizira kuti anthu ambiri adadyako kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, pomwe kudali njala padziko lapansi. Kusiyanitsa pang'ono m'masiku - pafupifupi zaka chikwi, omvera chiphunzitsochi amafotokoza kusalondola kwa kuwunika kwa kaboni, komwe akatswiri ofukula zakale amafufuza zaka za nyumba zakale.
Malinga ndi nthano ina, piramidiyo idathandizira kusintha kwa thupi la farao kupita kumtunda wapamwamba wa Amulungu. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti mkati mwa piramidi, momwe sarcophagus yamthupi imayimirira, amayi a farao sanapezeke, omwe achifwamba sanathe kutenga. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani olamulira aku Egypt adadzipangira okha manda akulu chonchi? Kodi chidalidi cholinga chawo kuti apange mausoleum okongola, kuchitira umboni za ukulu ndi mphamvu? Ngati ntchito yomangayi idatenga zaka makumi angapo ndikufunika ndalama zambiri pantchito, ndiye kuti cholinga chachikulu chokhazikitsira piramidi chinali chofunikira kwa farao. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti tikudziwa zochepa kwambiri za kukula kwachitukuko chakale, zinsinsi zake zomwe sizinapezeke. Aigupto adadziwa chinsinsi cha moyo wosatha. Anapezedwa ndi mafarao atamwalira, chifukwa chaukadaulo womwe unali wobisika mkati mwa mapiramidi.
Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti piramidi ya Cheops idamangidwa ndi chitukuko chachikulu ngakhale chakale kwambiri kuposa Aigupto, omwe sitidziwa chilichonse. Ndipo Aigupto adangobwezeretsa nyumba zakale, ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zawo. Iwowo sanadziwe mapulani a omwe adatsogola omwe adamanga mapiramidi. Otsogola akhoza kukhala zimphona zachitukuko cha Antediluvia kapena okhala m'mapulaneti ena omwe adapita ku Earth kukafunafuna dziko latsopano. Kukula kwakukulu kwa midadada yomwe piramidiyo idamangidwako ndikosavuta kulingalira ngati chida chomangira chimphona cha mita khumi kuposa anthu wamba.
Ndikufuna kutchulanso nthano ina yosangalatsa yokhudza piramidi ya Cheops. Amati mkati mwa monolithic muli chipinda chobisika, momwemo pali chipata chomwe chimatsegulira njira zina. Chifukwa cha tsambalo, mutha kudzipeza nthawi yomweyo kapena pa pulaneti lina lokhalamo Lachilengedwe. Idabisika mosamala ndi omanga kuti athandize anthu, koma ipezeka posachedwa. Funso lidakalipo ngati asayansi amakono amamvetsetsa matekinoloje akale kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wopeza. Pakadali pano, kafukufuku wofukulidwa m'mabwinja mu piramidiyo akupitilizabe.
Zosangalatsa
M'nthawi zamakedzana, pomwe kutukuka kwachitukuko cha Agiriki ndi Aroma kudayamba, akatswiri anzeru zakale adalemba malongosoledwe a zipilala zomangamanga kwambiri padziko lapansi. Iwo adatchedwa "Zodabwitsa Zisanu ndi ziwiri za Dziko". Anaphatikizanso Minda Yopachika ya Babeloni, Kolos ya Rhode ndi nyumba zina zazikulu zomwe zidamangidwa nthawi yathu ino isanakwane. Piramidi ya Cheops, monga yakale kwambiri, ili pamalo oyamba pamndandandawu. Ichi ndiye chodabwitsa chokha padziko lapansi chomwe chapulumuka mpaka lero, zina zonse zidawonongedwa zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo.
Malingana ndi momwe olemba mbiri yakale achi Greek adanenera, piramidi yayikulu idawala mu kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, ndikuponyera mdima wonyezimira wagolide. Anayang'anizana ndi miyala yamiyala yolimba yolimba mita. Mwala wamiyala wosalala bwino, wokometsedwa ndi zojambulajambula ndi zojambula, umawonetsa mchenga wa m'chipululu chozungulira. Pambuyo pake, nzika zam'deralo zidachotsa zovala m'nyumba zawo, zomwe zidatayika chifukwa cha moto wowopsa. Mwinanso pamwamba pake panali chokongoletsera chopangidwa ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Kuzungulira piramidi ya Cheops m'chigwacho pali mzinda wonse wa akufa. Nyumba zosakhazikika za akachisi amaliro, mapiramidi ena awiri akulu ndi manda ang'onoang'ono angapo. Chifaniziro chachikulu cha sphinx chotsekeka pamphuno, chomwe chidabwezeretsedwa posachedwa, chidapangidwa kuchokera ku monolithic block yayikulu kwambiri. Amatengedwa kuchokera pamalo omwewo pamiyala yomangira manda. Kalekale, mamita khumi kuchokera ku piramidi panali khoma lakuda mamita atatu. Mwina cholinga chake chinali kuteteza chuma chachifumu, koma sakanatha kuletsa achifwambawo.
Mbiri yomanga
Asayansi sangathe kumvana chimodzi momwe anthu akale amapangira piramidi ya Cheops kuchokera kumiyala ikuluikulu. Kutengera zojambula zomwe zidapezeka pamakoma a mapiramidi ena aku Egypt, zimaganiziridwa kuti ogwira ntchito adadula matanthwe aliwonse pamiyala, kenako ndikuwakokera kumalo omangako panjira yolumikizidwa ndi mkungudza. Mbiri ilibe mgwirizano woti ndani adagwira nawo ntchitoyi - alimi omwe kunalibe ntchito ina iliyonse kusefukira kwa Nile, akapolo a farao kapena olemba ntchito.
Vutoli limakhala chifukwa chakuti mabulogu samangofunika kuperekera kumalo omangira, komanso kuti akwezeke mpaka kutalika kwambiri. Piramidi ya Cheops inali nyumba yayitali kwambiri Padziko Lapansi asanamange Eiffel Tower. Akatswiri opanga mapulani amakono amayang'ana yankho lavutoli m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi mtundu wovomerezeka, zida zoyambira zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza. Ndizowopsa kulingalira kuti ndi anthu angati omwe adamwalira pomanga ndi njirayi. Zingwe ndi zomangira zomwe zidakhala ndi chotupa zidang'ambika, amatha kuphwanya anthu ambiri ndi kulemera kwake. Zinali zovuta makamaka kukhazikitsa chapamwamba cha nyumbayo pamtunda wa mamita 140 kuchokera pansi.
Asayansi ena amalingalira kuti anthu akale anali ndiukadaulo wothandizira mphamvu yokoka yapadziko lapansi. Mabwalo olemera matani 2, omwe piramidi ya Cheops idamangidwa, amatha kusunthidwa ndi njirayi mosavuta. Ntchito yomangayi idachitika ndi omwe adalemba ganyu omwe amadziwa zinsinsi zonse za maluso, motsogozedwa ndi mphwake wa a Farao Cheops. Panalibe kudzipereka kwaumunthu, ntchito yolemetsa ya akapolo, zaluso zomanga zokha, zomwe zidafikira matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri omwe sangathe kufikira chitukuko chathu.
Piramidi ili ndi maziko ofanana mbali iliyonse. Kutalika kwake ndi 230 mita ndi 40 masentimita. Kulondola modabwitsa kwa omanga akale osaphunzira. Kuchuluka kwa miyalayi ndikokwera kwambiri kwakuti ndizosatheka kuyika lumo pakati pawo. Dera la mahekitala asanu limakhala ndi mawonekedwe amodzi monolithic, omwe midadada yawo imalumikizidwa ndi yankho lapadera. Pali magawo angapo ndi zipinda mkati mwa piramidi. Pali ma vent omwe akuyang'ana mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko lapansi. Cholinga cha nyumba zamkati zambiri sichimadziwika. Achifwambawo adatenga chilichonse chamtengo wapatali kale akatswiri ofukula zakale asanalowe m'manda.
Pakadali pano, piramidi ili m'gulu la UNESCO mndandanda wazikhalidwe. Chithunzi chake chimakongoletsa njira zambiri zapaulendo zaku Aiguputo. M'zaka za zana la 19, olamulira aku Egypt adafuna kugumula zipilala zazikuluzikulu zakale zomangira madamu mumtsinje wa Nailo. Koma ndalama zogwirira ntchito zidapitilira phindu la ntchito, motero zipilala za zomangamanga zakale zidakalipo mpaka pano, zomwe zimakondweretsa amwendamnjira a Giza Valley.
