Kodi kufufuma ndi chiyani? Timalimva kwambiri nthawiyi m'mabuku a nkhani pa TV komanso pokambirana tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo komabe, anthu ambiri sadziwa tanthauzo lenileni la lingaliro ili kapena amangolisokoneza nalo, mwanjira ina.
Munkhaniyi tikufotokozerani tanthauzo la kukwera kwamitengo ndi chiwopsezo chotani chomwe chitha kubweretsa kuboma.
Kodi kufufuma kumatanthauza chiyani
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu (lat. inflatio - bloating) - kukwera pamitengo yayikulu yazinthu ndi ntchito kwakanthawi. Pakukwera kwamitengo, ndalama zomwezo pakapita nthawi zitha kugula zinthu zochepa komanso ntchito zochepa kuposa kale.
M'mawu osavuta, kutsika kwa zinthu kumabweretsa kutsika kwa mphamvu yogula ndalama zamabanki, zomwe zatsitsa ndi kutaya zina mwa phindu lake lenileni. Mwachitsanzo, lero buledi amatenga ma ruble 20, pakatha mwezi - ma ruble 22, ndipo patatha mwezi umodzi amawononga ma ruble 25.
Zotsatira zake, mitengo yakwera, pomwe kugula ndalama, m'malo mwake, kwatsika. Njirayi imatchedwa inflation. Nthawi yomweyo, kukwera kwamitengo sikukhudzana kwenikweni ndi kukwera mitengo kamodzi ndipo nthawi yomweyo sikukutanthauza kukwera kwamitengo yonse yazachuma, popeza mtengo wazinthu zina ndi zina zantchito zitha kukhalabe zosasinthika kapenanso kutsika.
Njira yotsika mtengo ndiyachilengedwe kwachuma chamakono ndipo amawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito peresenti. Kutsika kwa zinthu kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- Kutulutsa ma banki owonjezera kubweza kusowa kwa bajeti;
- kuchepa kwa GDP ndi kuchuluka kotsalira kwa ndalama zadziko lonse;
- kusowa kwa katundu;
- kulamulira;
- Kusakhazikika pandale kapena pachuma, ndi zina zambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zida zankhondo mwachangu (zankhondo) zitha kubweretsa kukwera kwamitengo. Ndiye kuti, ndalama zambiri zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku bajeti yaboma yopanga kapena kugula zida, osapatsa anthu katundu. Zotsatira zake, nzika zili ndi ndalama, koma sizifunikira mfuti zamakina ndi akasinja, momwe ndalama za bajeti zinagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kukwera kwamitengo yabwinobwino ndi 3 mpaka 5% pachaka. Chizindikiro ichi ndichofala kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Ndiye kuti, ngakhale kukwera kwamitengo, malipiro ndi maubwino azachuma zidzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza zolakwitsa zonse.
