Edward Joseph Snowden (wobadwa 1983) - Katswiri waluso waku America komanso wothandizila wapadera, wakale wogwira ntchito ku CIA ndi US National Security Agency (NSA).
M'chilimwe cha 2013, adapereka kwa atolankhani aku Britain ndi America kuti adziwe zambiri kuchokera ku NSA zokhudzana ndi kuwunika kwakanema kwa kulumikizana kwazidziwitso pakati pa nzika zamayiko ambiri padziko lapansi ndi akatswiri azamalamulo aku America.
Malinga ndi Pentagon, a Snowden adabera mafayilo ovuta 1.7 miliyoni, ambiri mwa iwo anali okhudzana ndi magulu ankhondo. Pachifukwa ichi, adayikidwa pamndandanda wofunidwa ndi boma la US.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Snowden, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, pamaso panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Edward Snowden.
Mbiri ya Snowden
Edward Snowden adabadwa pa Juni 21, 1983 m'boma la US ku North Carolina. Adakulira ndikuleredwa m'banja la Coast Guard Lonnie Snowden ndi mkazi wake, Elizabeth, yemwe anali loya. Kuphatikiza pa Edward, makolo ake anali ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Jessica.
Ubwana wa Snowden adakhala ku Elizabeth City, kenako ku Maryland, pafupi ndi likulu la NSA. Atamaliza maphunziro ake akusekondale, adapitiliza maphunziro ake kukoleji, komwe adaphunzira sayansi yamakompyuta.
Pambuyo pake, Edward adakhala wophunzira ku University of Liverpool, kulandira digiri ya master ku 2011. Patatha zaka zitatu adalembedwa usilikari, komwe zidamuchitikira zomwe zidamuipira. Munthawi yankhondo, adathyola miyendo yonse, chifukwa chake adamasulidwa.
Kuyambira pamenepo mu mbiri yake, a Snowden anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi ntchito zokhudzana ndi mapulogalamu ndi ukadaulo wa IT. M'dera lino, iye anafika pamwamba kwambiri, atatha kudziwonetsera yekha ngati katswiri oyenerera kwambiri.
Ntchito ku CIA
Kuyambira ali mwana, molimba mtima a Edward Snowden adakweza ntchito. Anapeza luso lake loyamba ku NSA, akugwira ntchito yachitetezo chachinsinsi. Patapita nthawi, iye anapatsidwa ntchito kwa CIA.
Atakhala mkulu wazamalamulo, a Edward adatumizidwa ku Switzerland ngati kazembe wa US ku United Nations.
Amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chamakompyuta chikhale chotetezeka. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mnyamatayo amayesa kubweretsa zopindulitsa kwa anthu komanso dziko lake.
Komabe, malinga ndi a Snowden omwe, ku Switzerland komwe adayamba kuzindikira zochulukirapo kuti ntchito yake ku CIA, monga ntchito zonse zaukazitape waku US wamba, imabweretsa anthu ovulala kuposa zabwino. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ali ndi zaka 26 asankhe kusiya CIA ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito m'mabungwe omwe ali pansi pa NSA.
Poyamba, Edward adagwirira ntchito Dell, pambuyo pake adagwira ntchito ngati contractor wa Booz Allen Hamilton. Chaka chilichonse amakhumudwa kwambiri ndi zochitika za NSA. Munthuyo amafuna kuuza nzika zake ndi dziko lonse zoona za zochita za gulu.
Zotsatira zake, mu 2013, a Edward Snowden adaganiza zotenga gawo lowopsa - kuwulula zinsinsi zowulula ntchito zapadera zaku America poyang'anira nzika zadziko lonse lapansi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Snowden amafuna "kutsegula" kubwerera ku 2008, koma sanachite izi, akuyembekeza kuti Barack Obama, yemwe adayamba kulamulira, abwezeretsa bata. Komabe, chiyembekezo chake sichinakwaniritsidwe. Purezidenti yemwe adangosankhidwa kumene adatsata mfundo zomwezo monga adalinso m'malo mwake.
Kutulutsa ndi kuweruza milandu
Mu 2013, wakale wa CIA wothandizila adayamba kugwira ntchito yolengeza zazidziwitso zazambiri. Adalumikizana ndi wopanga makanema Laura Poitras, mtolankhani Glenn Greenwald komanso wolemba nkhani Barton Gellman, powapempha kuti apereke nkhani zosangalatsa.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti wolemba mapulogalamuwa amagwiritsa ntchito maimelo azinsinsi ngati njira yolumikizirana, momwe adatumizira zikalata zachinsinsi za atolankhani pafupifupi 200,000.
Chinsinsi chawo chinali chokwanira kwambiri kuposa zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale pa WikiLeaks zokhudzana ndi milandu ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Pambuyo polemba zikalata zoperekedwa ndi Snowden, chipwirikiti chapadziko lonse chidayamba.
Dziko lonse atolankhani analemba za dissassassified zipangizo, chifukwa cha chimene boma la US anali kutsutsidwa kwambiri. Vumbulutso la a Edward linali lodzaza ndi kuwunika kwa nzika zakumayiko 60 komanso ma dipatimenti 35 aboma aku Europe ndi akazitape aku America.
Woyang'anira zaukadaulo walengeza poyera za pulogalamu ya PRISM, yomwe idathandizira azinsinsi kutsatira kutsatira zokambirana pakati pa anthu aku America ndi akunja ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kapena foni.
Pulogalamuyi idapangitsa kuti zitheke kumvetsera zokambirana ndi misonkhano ya makanema, kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza mabokosi aliwonse amaimelo, komanso kukhala ndi zidziwitso zonse za ogwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ntchito zambiri zazikulu zathandizana ndi PRISM, kuphatikiza Microsoft, Facebook, Google, Skype ndi YouTube.
Snowden adapereka zowona kuti woyendetsa wamkulu kwambiri, Verizon, amatumiza metadata ku NSA tsiku lililonse pazoyimba zonse zopangidwa ku America. Mnyamata wina adalankhula za pulogalamu yotsata mwachinsinsi Tempora.
Ndi chithandizo chake, ntchito zapadera zitha kusokoneza kuchuluka kwa anthu pa intaneti komanso kucheza pafoni. Komanso, gulu lidaphunzira za pulogalamu yomwe idayikidwa pa "iPhone", yomwe imalola kutsata eni azida izi.
Mwa zina zomwe Edward Snowden adadziulula ndizomwe anthu aku America adalankhula patelefoni pamsonkhano wa G-20, womwe udachitikira ku UK ku 2009. Malinga ndi lipoti lotsekedwa la Pentagon, wolemba mapulogalamuwa anali ndi zikalata pafupifupi 1.7 miliyoni.
Ambiri mwa iwo anali okhudzana ndi ntchito zankhondo zomwe zimachitika m'magulu osiyanasiyana ankhondo. Malinga ndi akatswiri, mtsogolomo, zinthuzi zidzaululidwa pang'onopang'ono kuti ziwononge mbiri ya boma la US ndi NSA.
Uwu suli mndandanda wonse wazosangalatsa za Snowden, zomwe amayenera kulipira kwambiri. Atadziulula kuti ndi ndani, adakakamizidwa kuthawa mdzikolo. Poyamba anali kubisala ku Hong Kong, pambuyo pake adaganiza zothawira ku Russia. Pa Juni 30, 2013, wakale wakale adapempha Moscow kuti athawire ndale.
Mtsogoleri waku Russia, a Vladimir Putin, adalola kuti a Snowden akhalebe mu Russian Federation pokhapokha atapandukiranso ndi akazitape aku US. Kunyumba, anzawo a Edward adatsutsa zomwe adachita, ponena kuti chifukwa cha zomwe adachita adawononga mosayerekezeka pantchito zanzeru komanso mbiri yaku America.
Mucikozyanyo, ba European Union bakakaka kukambauka a Snowden. Pachifukwa ichi, Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Europe yakhala ikulamula EU kuti isalange wogwira ntchito zanzeru, koma, m'malo mwake, kuti amuteteze.
Pokambirana ndi Washington Post, a Edward adati: “Ndapambana kale. Zomwe ndimafuna ndikuwonetsa anthu momwe zikuyendetsedwera. " Mnyamatayo adaonjezeranso kuti nthawi zonse amagwira ntchito kuti athe kuchira, osati kugwa kwa NSA.
Masewera ambiri apakanema adatulutsidwa pambuyo pa mbiri ya Snowden. Komanso, mabuku ndi zolemba za ofisala adayamba kufalitsidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Kugwa kwa 2014, chikalata cholemba maola awiri chotchedwa Citizenfour. Choonadi cha Snowden ”choperekedwa kwa Edward.
Kanemayo adapambana mphoto zapamwamba zapa kanema monga Oscar, BAFTA ndi Sputnik. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'makanema aku Russia chithunzichi chidakhala mtsogoleri pakugawana pakati pa makanema osakhala achinyengo mu 2015.
Moyo waumwini
Poyankha, Snowden adavomereza kuti ali ndi mkazi ndi ana. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kuyambira 2009 wovina Lindsay Mills amakhalabe wokondedwa wake.
Poyamba, banjali adakwatirana pachilumba cha Hawaii. Malinga ndi magwero angapo, pakadali pano Edward amakhala ndi banja lake ku Russia, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi zithunzi zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri pa intaneti.
Ngati mumakhulupirira mawu a atolankhani omwe adalankhula ndi aku America, ndiye kuti a Snowden ndi munthu wachifundo komanso wanzeru. Amakonda kukhala moyo wodekha komanso wopimidwa. Mnyamatayo amadzitcha kuti ndi wosakhulupirira. Iye amawerenga kwambiri, chidwi ndi mbiri ya Russia, koma amathera nthawi yochuluka pa intaneti.
Palinso chikhulupiliro chofala kuti Edward ndi wosadya nyama. Samamwa mowa kapena khofi.
Edward Snowden lero
Edward adalengeza kangapo kuti ali wofunitsitsa kubwerera ku America, kukayesedwa ndi khothi. Komabe, pakadali pano, palibe wolamulira aliyense wadzikoli amene wamupatsa izi.
Lero mnyamatayo akugwira ntchito yopanga pulogalamu yomwe ingateteze ogwiritsa ntchito molondola kuzowopseza zakunja. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale a Snowden akupitilizabe kutsutsa mfundo zaku US, nthawi zambiri amalankhula zoyipa pazomwe akuluakulu aku Russia akuchita.
Osati kale kwambiri, a Edward adapereka zokambirana kwa mabwana aku Mossad, ndikuwonetsa umboni wambiri wolowa ku NSA pakupanga luntha la Israeli. Kuyambira lero, akadali pachiwopsezo. Ngati agwa m'manja mwa United States, akakhale m'ndende zaka pafupifupi 30, ndipo mwina aphedwe.
Zithunzi za Snowden
