Alphonse Gabriel «Wamkulu Al» Wolemba (1899-1947) - Mgawenga waku America wochokera ku Italiya, wogwira ntchito m'ma 1920-1930 pafupi ndi Chicago. Pobisalira bizinesi yamipando, anali kuchita malonda a bootlegging, kutchova juga ndi kupyola malire.
Adalabadira zachifundo, ndikutsegulira netiweki zaulere za anthu osagwira ntchito. Woyimira milandu yodziwika bwino ku United States nthawi ya Prohibition and the Great Depression, yomwe idayamba ndikukhalako motsogoleredwa ndi mafia aku Italiya.
Pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Al Capone, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, nayi mbiri yayifupi ya Alphonse Gabriel Capone.
Mbiri ya Al Capone
Al Capone adabadwa pa Januware 17, 1899 ku New York. Anakulira m'banja la alendo ochokera ku Italiya omwe adabwera ku America mu 1894. Abambo ake, a Gabriele Capone, anali ometa tsitsi ndipo amayi ake, a Teresa Raiola, ankagwira ntchito yosoka.
Alfonse anali ndi mwana wachinayi mwa ana 9 ndi makolo ake. Ngakhale ali mwana, adayamba kuwonetsa zizindikiro za psychopath. Kusukulu, nthawi zambiri ankalimbana ndi anzawo akusukulu komanso aphunzitsi.
Capone ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 14, adamenya aphunzitsiwo zibakera, pambuyo pake sanabwerere kusukulu. Atasiya sukulu, mnyamatayo adapeza ndalama zantchito yakanthawi kochepa, kufikira atalowa m'malo a mafia.
Mafia
Ali wachinyamata, Al Capone adatengera gulu la zigawenga zaku Italiya-America dzina lake Johnny Torrio, nalowa mgulu la zigawenga. Popita nthawi, gululi linalowa mgulu lalikulu la Five Points.
Kumayambiriro kwa mbiri yake yaupandu, Capone adachita ngati bouncer ku kilabu yama billiard yapafupi. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti pakadali pano bungweli limakhala ngati chophimba cholanda komanso kutchova juga kosaloledwa.
Alfonse anali ndi chidwi ndi ma biliyadi, chifukwa chake adakwanitsa kuchita masewerawa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chaka chonse, sanataye mpikisano womwe unachitikira ku Brooklyn. Mnyamatayo amakonda ntchito yake, yomwe imadalira chiopsezo cha moyo wake.
Tsiku lina, Capone adalimbana ndi wachifwamba wina dzina lake Frank Gallucho, yemwe adamupha patsaya lakumanzere ndi mpeni. Pambuyo pake Alfonse adalandira dzina loti "Scarface".
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Al Capone iyemwini adachita manyazi ndi chilondachi ndipo adati chidawoneka ngati chotenga nawo gawo pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse (1914-1918). Komabe, kwenikweni, sanatumikire nawo nkhondo. Pofika zaka 18, mnyamatayo anali atamveka kale ndi apolisi.
Capone amakayikiridwa ndi milandu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kupha anthu awiri. Pachifukwa ichi, adakakamizidwa kuchoka ku New York, ndipo Torrio atakhazikika ku Chicago.
Apa adapitilizabe kuchita zachiwawa. Makamaka, anali kuchita nawo ma pimp m'mabotolo am'deralo.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, panthawiyo, aziphuphu sanali kulemekezedwa kumanda. Komabe, The Great Al adatha kusintha malo achigololo wamba kukhala bar ya nsanjika zinayi, The Four Deuces, pomwe pabwalo lililonse panali malo omwera mowa, toti, kasino ndi nyumba yachigololo yomwe.
Kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku kunayamba kusangalala kwambiri kotero kuti kunabweretsa phindu lofika $ 35 miliyoni pachaka, zomwe powerengera lero ndi pafupifupi $ 420 miliyoni! Pasanapite nthawi panali mayesero awiri pa Johnny Torrio. Ngakhale kuti wachifwamba uja adapulumuka, adavulala kwambiri.
Zotsatira zake, Torrio adaganiza zopuma pantchito, kusankha Al Capone, yemwe anali ndi zaka 26 panthawiyo, m'malo mwake. Chifukwa chake, mnyamatayo adakhala mutu wa ufumu wonse wamilandu, womwe umaphatikizapo omenyera pafupifupi 1000.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ndi Capone yemwe ndiye mlembi wazachinyengo ngati izi. A Mafia adathandizira kufalitsa uhule pogwira ntchito mobisalira apolisi ndi oyang'anira maboma, omwe adapatsidwa ziphuphu zambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, Alfonse adalimbana mopanda chifundo ndi omwe amapikisana nawo.
Zotsatira zake, mikangano pakati pa achifwamba idafika pamlingo waukulu kwambiri. Achifwambawo adagwiritsa ntchito mfuti zamakina, mabomba ndi zida zina zolemera pakuwombera. Mu nthawi ya 1924-1929. mu "ziwonetsero" zotere zoposa 500 achifwamba adaphedwa.
Pakadali pano, Al Capone anali kupeza ulemu wochulukirapo pagulu, kukhala m'modzi mwa zigawenga zazikulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya US. Kuphatikiza pa kutchova juga komanso uhule, adapeza phindu lalikulu, ankazembetsa mowa, zomwe panthawiyo zinali zoletsedwa.
Pofuna kubisa komwe amachokera, a Capone adatsegula thumba lalikulu lochapira mdzikolo, ponena kuti apeza mamiliyoni ake kubizinesi yochapa. Umu ndi momwe mawu odziwika padziko lonse "kuwononga ndalama" adawonekera.
Amalonda ambiri otchuka adapita ku Al Capone kuti awathandize. Amamulipira ndalama zambiri kuti adziteteze ku magulu ena, ndipo nthawi zina kupolisi.
Kuphedwa kwa Tsiku la Valentine
Pokhala wamkulu wa ufumu wachifwamba, Al Capone adapitilizabe kuwononga onse omwe akupikisana nawo. Pachifukwa ichi, zigawenga zambiri zodziwika bwino zafa. Anathetseratu magulu achifiya aku Ireland, Russia ndi Mexico ku Chicago, nalanda mzindawo "m'manja mwake."
Zida zophulika zomwe zimayikidwa mgalimoto nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga anthu omwe sakonda "Great Alu". Anagwira ntchito atangoyatsa moto.
Al Capone anali ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuphedwa kwa Tsiku la Valentine. Zinachitika pa February 14, 1929 mu garaja, pomwe gulu limodzi la zigawenga linali kubisala mowa wosaloledwa. Asitikali a Alfonse, atavala yunifolomu ya apolisi, adalowa mu garaja ndikulamula aliyense kuti ayime pamzere.
Ochita nawo mpikisano anaganiza kuti anali oyang'anira zenizeni zamalamulo, motero modzipereka adayandikira kukhomalo ndi manja awo mmwamba. Komabe, m'malo mofufuza komwe amayembekezera, amuna onse adawomberedwa mwachipongwe. Kuwomberana kofananako kunabwerezedwa kangapo, komwe kunadzetsa phokoso lalikulu pagulu ndipo kudasokoneza mbiri ya wachifwamba.
Palibe umboni wowonekera wokhudza kutenga nawo mbali kwa Al Capone m'magawo awa omwe adapezeka, kotero palibe amene adalangidwa chifukwa cha zolakwazi. Ndipo komabe, inali "Massacre pa Tsiku la Valentine" yomwe idatsogolera akuluakulu aboma kuti azichita nawo "Great Al" mwachidwi komanso mwachidwi.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, apolisi a FBI sanapeze mayendedwe aliwonse omwe angawalole kuti aike Capone kumbuyo. Popita nthawi, adakwanitsa kubweretsa chigawenga mlandu wokhudza misonkho.
Moyo waumwini
Ngakhale ali wachinyamata, Al Capone anali kulumikizana kwambiri ndi mahule. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ali ndi zaka 16 adapezeka ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana angapo, kuphatikizapo chindoko.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 19, adakwatira mtsikana wotchedwa May Josephine Coughlin. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti mwana wa okwatiranawo anabadwa asanakwatirane. May adabereka mwana wamwamuna wotchedwa Albert. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mwanayo adapezeka kuti ali ndi chindoko chobadwa nacho, chomupatsira kuchokera kwa abambo ake.
Kuphatikiza apo, Albert adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a mastoid - kutukusira kwa zotupa kumbuyo kwa khutu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti khandalo lichitidwe opaleshoni yaubongo. Zotsatira zake, adakhalabe wogontha mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.
Ngakhale abambo ake anali otchuka, Albert adakula kukhala nzika yosunga malamulo. Ngakhale mu mbiri yake panali chochitika chimodzi chokhudzana ndi kuba zazing'ono m'sitolo, komwe adalandira zaka ziwiri za mayesero. Atakula, asintha dzina lawo lomaliza Capone - kukhala Brown.
Ndende ndi imfa
Popeza mabungwe oyang'anira zamalamulo sanapeze umboni wodalirika wokhudzidwa ndi Al Capone pamilandu, adapeza cholakwika china, chomuneneza kuti azemba kulipira msonkho wa ndalama zokwana $ 388,000.
M'ngululu ya 1932, mfumu yamafia idalamulidwa zaka 11 m'ndende komanso chindapusa chachikulu. Madokotala anamupeza ndi chindoko ndi chinzonono, komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo a cocaine. Anamutumiza kundende ku Atlanta, komwe adakapanga nsapato.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Capone adasamutsidwira kundende yapadera pachilumba cha Alcatraz. Apa anali mgulu limodzi ndi akaidi onse, alibe mphamvu zomwe analibe kalekale. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda opatsirana pogonana komanso amisala adasokoneza thanzi lake.
Pazaka 11, wachifwamba uja adatumikira 7 yekha, chifukwa chodwala. Atamasulidwa, adalandira chithandizo cha paresis (choyambitsidwa ndi chindoko), koma sanathe kuthana ndi matendawa.
Pambuyo pake, mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe ndi luntha la mwamunayo udayamba kutsika kwambiri. Mu Januwale 1947 adadwala sitiroko ndipo posakhalitsa adapezeka ndi chibayo. Al Capone adamwalira pa Januware 25, 1947 kuchokera kumangidwa kwamtima ali ndi zaka 48.
Chithunzi ndi Al Capone
