Konstantin Konstantinovich (Ksaveryevich) Rokossovsky (1896-1968) - Mtsogoleri wankhondo waku Soviet ndi Poland, kawiri Hero wa Soviet Union ndi Knight wa Order of Victory.
Gulu lokhalo lokhalapo mayiko awiri m'mbiri ya Soviet: Marshal waku Soviet Union (1944) ndi Marshal waku Poland (1949). M'modzi mwa akulu akulu ankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Rokossovsky, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Konstantin Rokossovsky.
Wambiri Rokossovsky
Konstantin Rokossovsky adabadwa pa Disembala 9 (21), 1896 ku Warsaw. Anakulira m'banja la Pole Xavier Józef, yemwe ankagwira ntchito yoyang'anira njanji, ndi mkazi wake Antonina Ovsyannikova, yemwe anali mphunzitsi. Kuwonjezera pa Konstantin, mtsikana Helena anabadwira m'banja la Rokossovsky.
Makolo adasiya ana awo amasiye mwachangu. Mu 1905, abambo ake adamwalira, ndipo zaka 6 pambuyo pake, amayi ake adakhalaponso. Ali mnyamata, Konstantin ankagwira ntchito monga wothandizira kuphika ophika buledi kenako ndi dokotala wa mano.
Malinga ndi a marshal omwe, adakwanitsa kumaliza makalasi asanu a sukuluyi. Mu nthawi yake yaulere, ankakonda kuwerenga mabuku mu Chipolishi ndi Chirasha.
Pa mbiri ya 1909-1914. Rokossovsky ntchito ngati omanga mu msonkhano wa mkazi wa azakhali ake. Pakubuka kwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse (1914-1918), adapita kutsogolo, komwe adatumikira ankhondo apakavalo.
Usilikali
Pa nthawi ya nkhondo, Constantine adadzionetsa kuti anali wankhondo wolimba mtima. Mu imodzi mwa nkhondo, adadziwonetsera yekha pakukhazikitsidwa kwa akatswiri oyenda pamahatchi, popeza adapatsidwa digiri ya St. George ya 4. Pambuyo pake adakwezedwa pantchito.
M'zaka za nkhondo, Rokossovsky nayenso anachita nawo nkhondo ku Warsaw. Pofika nthawiyo, anali ataphunzira kukwera kavalo mwaluso, kuwombera mfuti molondola, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito lupanga komanso piki.
Mu 1915 Konstantin adapatsidwa Mendulo ya St. George ya digiri ya 4 kuti agwire bwino asitikali aku Germany. Kenako mobwerezabwereza nawo ntchito zakuzindikira, pomwe adalandira Mendulo ya St. George ya digiri yachitatu.
Mu 1917, atamva za kubedwa kwa Nicholas II, Konstantin Rokossovsky adaganiza zolowa nawo gulu lankhondo lofiira. Pambuyo pake amakhala membala wa Chipani cha Bolshevik. Pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni, adatsogolera gulu lankhondo lapadera.
Mu 1920, gulu lankhondo la Rokossovsky lidapambana nkhondo yayikulu ku Troitskosavsk, komwe adavulala kwambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pa nkhondoyi adapatsidwa Order of Red Banner. Atachira, adapitilizabe kumenya nkhondo ndi a White Guards, akuchita zonse zotheka kuti awononge mdani.
Nkhondo itatha, Konstantin anatenga maphunziro apamwamba kwa apolisi, komwe anakumana ndi Georgy Zhukov ndi Andrei Eremenko. Mu 1935 anapatsidwa udindo wa woyang'anira magawano.
Nthawi yovuta kwambiri mu mbiri ya Rokossovsky idabwera mu 1937, pomwe zomwe zimatchedwa "purges" zidayamba. Adaimbidwa mlandu wogwira ntchito zanzeru zaku Poland ndi Japan. Izi zidapangitsa kuti wamkulu wamagawidwe amangidwe, pomwe adazunzidwa mwankhanza.
Komabe, ofufuzawo sanathe kuvomereza kuchokera pansi pa mtima kuchokera kwa Konstantin Konstantinovich. Mu 1940 adakonzedwanso ndipo adamasulidwa. Modabwitsa, adakwezedwa pamudindo wamkulu wamkulu ndikupatsidwa udindo wotsogolera 9th Mechanised Corps.
Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lanu
Rokossovsky adakumana ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo ku Southwestern Front. Ngakhale kusowa kwa zida zankhondo, asitikali ake mu Juni ndi Julayi 1941 adadziteteza bwino ndikutopa a Nazi, ndikupereka maudindo awo mwalamulo.
Pazabwinozi, wamkulu adapatsidwa 4 Order ya Red Banner pantchito yake. Pambuyo pake, adatumizidwa ku Smolensk, komwe adakakamizidwa kuti amangenso magulu obwerera obwerera m'mbuyo.
Posachedwapa Konstantin Rokossovsky nawo nkhondo pafupi Moscow, amene anali kutetezedwa zivute zitani. Muzovuta kwambiri, adakwanitsa kuwonetsa luso lake ngati mtsogoleri, atalandira Order ya Lenin. Patapita miyezi ingapo, anavulala kwambiri, chifukwa chake anakhala milungu ingapo kuchipatala.
Mu Julayi 1942, a marshal amtsogolo atenga nawo mbali pa Nkhondo yotchuka ya Stalingrad. Mwakulamula kwa Stalin, mzindawu sungaperekedwe kwa Ajeremani mulimonse momwe zingakhalire. Mwamunayo anali m'modzi mwa omwe adapanga ndikukonzekera ntchito yankhondo "Uranus", kuti azungulire ndikuwononga magulu aku Germany.
Ntchitoyi idayamba pa Novembala 19, 1942, ndipo atatha masiku anayi, asitikali aku Soviet Union adakwanitsa kuyika gulu lankhondo la Field Marshal Paulus, yemwe, pamodzi ndi zotsalira za asitikali ake, adagwidwa. Onse pamodzi, akazembe 24, oyang'anira 2,500 aku Germany komanso asirikali pafupifupi 90,000 adagwidwa.
Mu Januware chaka chotsatira, a Rokossovsky adakwezedwa paudindo wa Colonel General. Izi zidatsatiridwa ndikupambana kofunikira kwa Red Army ku Kursk Bulge, kenako ndikuchita bwino kwambiri "Bagration" (1944), chifukwa chake zinali zotheka kumasula Belarus, komanso mizinda ina ya Baltic States ndi Poland.
Nkhondo itangotsala pang'ono kutha, Konstantin Rokossovsky adakhala kazembe wa Soviet Union. Pambuyo pa chigonjetso chomwe chidali chikuyembekezeredwa kwa chipani cha Nazi, adalamula Victory Parade, yomwe Zhukov adachita.
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi yekha Rokossovsky anali Julia Barmina, amene ankagwira ntchito ya uphunzitsi. Achinyamata adakwatirana mu 1923. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, banjali linali ndi mtsikana, Ariadne.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti panthawi yachipatala kuchipatala, wamkuluyo anali pachibwenzi ndi dokotala wankhondo a Galina Talanova. Zotsatira za ubale wawo zinali kubadwa kwa mwana wapathengo, Hope. Konstantin anazindikira mtsikanayo ndipo anamupatsa dzina lake lomaliza, koma atathetsa Galina sanakhalebe ndi ubale uliwonse ndi iye.
Imfa
Konstantin Rokossovsky adamwalira pa Ogasiti 3, 1968 ali ndi zaka 71. Chifukwa cha imfa yake chinali khansa ya prostate. Tsiku limodzi asanamwalire, wamkuluyo adatumiza kwa atolankhani buku la zolemba za "Msirikali Udindo".
Zithunzi za Rokossovsky
