Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) - Purezidenti wa 40th wa United States ndi Kazembe wa 33 wa California. Amadziwikanso kuti wosewera komansowayilesi.

Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Reagan, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.

Chifukwa chake, musanakhale ndi mbiri yayifupi ya Ronald Reagan.

Mbiri ya Reagan

Ronald Reagan adabadwa pa February 6, 1911 m'mudzi waku America wa Tampico (Illinois). Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'mabanja osavuta a John Edward ndi Nell Wilson. Kuphatikiza pa Ronald, mwana wamwamuna wotchedwa Neil adabadwira m'banja la Reagan.

Purezidenti wamtsogolo ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 9, iye ndi banja lake adasamukira mumzinda wa Dixon. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti a Reagans nthawi zambiri amasintha malo awo okhala, chifukwa chake Ronald amayenera kusintha masukulu angapo.

Munthawi yamasukulu ake, mnyamatayo adachita chidwi ndi masewera ndi zisudzo, komanso luso la wolemba nkhani. Anasewera timu yam'deralo, akuwonetsa masewera apamwamba.

Mu 1928, Ronald Reagan adamaliza maphunziro ake ku High School. Pa tchuthi, adakwanitsa kupambana maphunziro a zamasewera ndikukhala wophunzira ku Eureka College, posankha Gulu Lachuma ndi Zachuma. Kulandila mayendedwe apakatikati, adatenga nawo gawo pagulu.

Pambuyo pake, Ronald adapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira boma la ophunzira. Munthawi imeneyi mu mbiri yake, adapitilizabe kusewera mpira waku America. M'tsogolomu, adzanena izi: "Sindinasewera baseball chifukwa ndimavutika kuwona. Pachifukwa ichi, ndidayamba kusewera mpira. Pali mpira ndi anyamata akulu. "

Olemba mbiri ya Reagan amati anali munthu wachipembedzo. Pali nkhani yodziwika pomwe adabweretsa kwawo anthu akuda kunyumba kwake, zomwe zinali zopanda pake kwenikweni panthawiyo.

Ntchito yaku Hollywood

Pamene Ronald adakwanitsa zaka 21, adapeza ntchito ngati ndemanga pawayilesi. Patatha zaka 5, mnyamatayo adapita ku Hollywood, komwe adayamba kugwira ntchito ndi kampani yotchuka ya kanema "Warner Brothers".

M'zaka zotsatira, wosewera wachichepere adayang'ana m'mafilimu ambiri, omwe amapitilira 50. Anali membala wa Screen Actors Guild aku United States, komwe amakumbukiridwa chifukwa cha zomwe amachita. Mu 1947 adapatsidwa udindo wa Purezidenti wa Guild, womwe adakhala nawo mpaka 1952.

Atamaliza maphunziro awo ankhondo atasowa, Reagan adaphatikizidwa m'gulu lankhondo. Anapatsidwa udindo wa Lieutenant mu Cavalry Corps. Popeza samatha kuwona bwino, bungweli lidamupulumutsa kuti asapite kunkhondo. Chifukwa chake, pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse (1939-1945) adagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti yopanga makanema, pomwe amaphunzitsira asitikali ankhondo.

Ntchito yake yaku kanema ikayamba kuchepa, Ronald adasewera ngati wodziwika pa TV pama TV a General Electrics. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, zokonda zake pandale zidayamba kusintha. Ngati kale anali wotsatira ufulu, tsopano zikhulupiriro zake zakhala zosasinthasintha.

Chiyambi cha ntchito zandale

Poyamba, Ronald Reagan anali membala wa Democratic Party, koma ataganiziranso malingaliro ake andale, adayamba kutsatira malingaliro a Republican Dwight Eisenhower ndi Richard Nixon. Nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala ku General Electric, amalankhula ndi ogwira ntchito kangapo.

M'mawu ake, Reagan adayang'ana kwambiri ndale, zomwe zidadzetsa kusakhutira pakati pa atsogoleri. Zotsatira zake, izi zidamupangitsa kuti achotsedwe kampaniyo mu 1962.

Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Ronald adatenga nawo gawo pamsonkhano wapurezidenti wa Barry Goldwater, ndikupereka mawu ake odziwika akuti "Nthawi Yosankha". Chosangalatsa ndichakuti magwiridwe ake adathandizira Barry kupeza pafupifupi $ 1 miliyoni! Kuphatikiza apo, abale andale komanso oimira achipani cha Republican adakopa chidwi kwa wachinyamata wandale.

Mu 1966, Reagan adakwezedwa paudindo wa kazembe wa California. Munthawi yachisankho, adalonjeza kuti abweza onse osachita ntchito mothandizidwa ndi boma kuti adzagwire ntchito. Pazisankho, adalandira thandizo kuchokera kwa ovota akumaloko, ndikukhala kazembe wa boma pa Januware 3, 1967.

Chaka chotsatira, Ronald adaganiza zopikisana nawo kuti akhale purezidenti, akumaliza wachitatu kumbuyo kwa Rockefeller ndi Nixon, omalizawa adakhala mutu wa United States. Anthu ambiri aku America akuti dzina la Reagan ndi kuzunza mwankhanza owonetsa ziwonetsero ku Berkeley Park, yotchedwa Bloody Lachinayi, pomwe apolisi zikwizikwi ndi National Guardsmen adatumizidwa kukamwaza otsutsawo.

Kuyesera kukumbukira Ronald Reagan mu 1968 kwalephera, chifukwa chake adasankhidwanso kwachiwiri. Pakadali pano za mbiriyi, adayitanitsa kuchepa kwamphamvu zachuma pazachuma, komanso kufunafuna kuchepetsa misonkho.

Utsogoleri ndi kuphedwa

Mu 1976, Reagan adataya zisankho zachipani kwa Gerald Ford, koma patadutsa zaka 4 adasankhanso chisankho chake. Mdani wake wamkulu anali mtsogoleri waboma Jimmy Carter. Pambuyo pa mkangano wandale wandale, wosewera wakale adakwanitsa kupambana mpikisanowu ndikukhala purezidenti wakale kwambiri ku US.

Munthawi yake yolamulira, Ronald adasintha zingapo pazachuma, komanso kusintha kwa mfundo mdzikolo. Adakwanitsa kukweza malingaliro amnzake, omwe adaphunzira kudzidalira kwambiri osadalira boma.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mwamunayo adalemba zolemba m'mabuku "The Reagan Diaries". Ntchitoyi yatchuka kwambiri.

Mu Marichi 1981, Reagan adaphedwa ku Washington pomwe amatuluka mu hoteloyo. A John Hinckley adathamangira pagululo, atatha kuwombera 6 kwa Purezidenti. Zotsatira zake, wolakwayo adavulaza anthu atatu. Reagan nayenso anavulazidwa m'mapapo ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimakwera galimoto yapafupi.

Wandaleyo adapita naye kuchipatala mwachangu, komwe madotolo adachita opareshoni yopambana. Wowomberayo adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda amisala ndipo adamutumiza kuchipatala kukakamizidwa.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti m'mbuyomu Hinckley adakonza zopha Jimmy Carter, akuyembekeza motere kuti akope chidwi cha wochita seweroli Jodie Foster, yemwe amamukonda.

Ndondomeko zanyumba ndi zakunja

Ndondomeko yamkati mwa Reagan idakhazikitsidwa pochepetsa mapulogalamu ndi kuthandiza bizinesi. Mwamunayo adalandiranso misonkho ndikuwonjezera ndalama zankhondo. Mu 1983, chuma cha ku America chinayamba kulimba. Pazaka 8 zakulamulira, Reagan wakwaniritsa zotsatirazi.

kutsika kwadzikoli kwatsika pafupifupi katatu;
chiŵerengero cha osagwira ntchito chatsika;
kuchuluka kwa ndalama;
msonkho wapamwamba kwambiri udatsika kuchokera 70% mpaka 28%.
kuchuluka kwa GDP;
msonkho wopindulitsa wa mphepo wathetsedwa;
zizindikiro zazikulu zakwaniritsidwa polimbana ndi mchitidwe wogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ndondomeko zakutsogolo kwa Purezidenti zidapangitsa kuti anthu azichita zosiyana. Mwalamulo lake, mu Okutobala 1983, asitikali aku US adalanda Grenada. Zaka 4 nkhondoyo isanachitike, a coup d'etat adachitika ku Grenada, pomwe mphamvu idatengedwa ndi omwe anali kumbali ya Marxism-Leninism.

Ronald Reagan adalongosola zomwe adachita powopseza pomwe akumenya gulu lankhondo la Soviet-Cuba ku Caribbean. Pambuyo pamadanda masiku angapo ku Grenada, boma latsopano linakhazikitsidwa, pambuyo pake gulu lankhondo laku US linachoka mdzikolo.

Pansi pa Reagan, Cold War idakulirakulira ndipo zida zankhondo zazikulu zidachitika. National Endowment for Democracy idakhazikitsidwa ndi cholinga chofuna "kulimbikitsa zikhumbo za anthu za demokalase."

M'nthawi yachiwiri, ubale pakati pa Libya ndi United States udakalipobe. Chifukwa cha izi ndi zomwe zidachitika ku Gulf of Sidra mu 1981, kenako zigawenga zangwiro ku disco ya Berlin, yomwe idapha 2 ndikuvulaza asitikali aku America aku 63.

Reagan adati zophulitsa mabomba zidalamulidwa ndi boma la Libya. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pa Epulo 15, 1986, zolinga zingapo ku Libya zidaphulitsidwa mlengalenga.

Pambuyo pake, panali chinyengo "Iran-Contra" yokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwachinsinsi kwa zida zankhondo ku Iran kuti zithandizire zigawenga zotsutsana ndi chikominisi ku Nicaragua, zomwe zidadziwika kwambiri. Purezidenti adachita nawo izi, komanso maudindo ena ambiri.

Mikhail Gorbachev atakhala mtsogoleri watsopano wa USSR, ubale pakati pa mayikowo udayamba kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Mu 1987, mapurezidenti a maulamuliro awiri apamwamba adasaina mgwirizano wofunikira woti athetse zida zanyukiliya zapakati.

Moyo waumwini

Mkazi woyamba wa Reagan anali wojambula Jane Wyman, yemwe anali wocheperako zaka 6. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi ana awiri - Maureen ndi Christina, omwe adamwalira adakali ana.

Mu 1948, banjali lidatenga mwana wamwamuna, Michael, ndipo adasiyana chaka chomwecho. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Jane ndiye adayambitsa chisudzulocho.

Pambuyo pake, Ronald adakwatirana ndi Nancy Davis, yemwenso anali wojambula. Mgwirizanowu udakhala wautali komanso wachimwemwe. Posakhalitsa banjali linali ndi mwana wamkazi, Patricia, ndi mwana wamwamuna, Ron. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ubale wa Nancy ndi ana unali wovuta kwambiri.

Zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti mkazi azilankhulana ndi Patricia, yemwe malingaliro ake osunga makolo ake, a Republican, anali achilendo. Pambuyo pake, mtsikanayo adzalengeza mabuku ambiri odana ndi Reagan, ndipo adzakhala membala wa magulu osiyanasiyana olimbana ndi boma.

Imfa

Chakumapeto kwa 1994, Reagan anapezeka ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, omwe adamupweteka zaka 10 zotsatira. Ronald Reagan anamwalira pa June 5, 2004 ali ndi zaka 93. Choyambitsa imfa inali chibayo chifukwa cha matenda a Alzheimer's.