Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) - wafilosofi waku Germany, m'modzi mwa oganiza bwino kwambiri pamalingaliro, misanthrope. Amakondweretsedwa ndi kukondana kwachijeremani, amakonda zinsinsi, amalankhula bwino za ntchito ya Emanuel Kant, komanso amayamikira malingaliro anzeru za Chibuda.
Schopenhauer adalingalira dziko lomwe lidalipo "dziko loipa kwambiri", pomwe adalandira dzina loti "wafilosofi wopanda chiyembekezo." 
Schopenhauer adakhudza kwambiri anzeru ambiri otchuka, kuphatikiza Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Leo Tolstoy ndi ena.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Schopenhauer, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, musanakhale mbiri yayifupi ya Arthur Schopenhauer.
Mbiri ya Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer anabadwa pa February 22, 1788 mumzinda wa Gdansk, womwe unali m'dera la Commonwealth. Iye anakula ndipo anakulira m'banja lolemera komanso lophunzira.
Abambo a woganiza, Heinrich Floris, anali wamalonda yemwe amapita ku England ndi France pamalonda, komanso amakonda chikhalidwe cha ku Europe. Amayi, a Johanna, anali ocheperako ndi amuna awo zaka 20. Ankachita nawo zolemba ndipo anali ndi salon yolemba.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Pomwe Arthur akhana magole 9 yakubadwa, baba wace adayenda naye ku France kuti akawonere axamwali wace. Mnyamatayo adakhala m'dziko lino zaka ziwiri. Panthawiyi, aphunzitsi abwino kwambiri anali kuphunzira naye.
Mu 1799, Schopenhauer adakhala wophunzira pasukulu yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ya Runge, komwe ana a akuluakulu amaudindo adaphunzitsidwa. Kuphatikiza pa miyambo yazikhalidwe, kupanga mipanda, kujambula adaphunzitsidwa pano, komanso nyimbo ndi kuvina. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mpaka nthawi yonena za mnyamatayo, anali atadziwa kale Chifalansa.
Ali ndi zaka 17, Arthur anapeza ntchito pakampani ina yamalonda ku Hamburg. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo anazindikira kuti malonda sanali konse chinthu chake.
Pasanapite nthawi mnyamatayo amva za imfa ya abambo ake, omwe anamira mumtsinje wa madzi atagwa pawindo. Panali mphekesera zoti Schopenhauer Sr. adadzipha chifukwa cha kutha kwachuma komanso mavuto azaumoyo.
Arthur anamwalira mwankhanza bambo ake, atakhala wokhumudwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu 1809 adakwanitsa kulowa mu dipatimenti ya zamankhwala ku University of Göttingen. Pambuyo pake, wophunzirayo adaganiza zosamukira ku Faculty of Philosophy.
Mu 1811 Schopenhauer adakhazikika ku Berlin, komwe amapitako kukakambirana ndi akatswiri anzeru Fichte ndi Schleiermacher. Poyamba, ankamvetsera mwachidwi malingaliro a oganiza bwino, koma posakhalitsa adayamba osati kuwatsutsa, komanso kulowa nawo mkangano ndi aphunzitsi.
Nthawi imeneyo, a biography a Arthur Schopenhauer adayamba kufufuza mozama za sayansi yachilengedwe, kuphatikiza umagwirira, zakuthambo, fizikiki ndi zinyama. Adachita nawo maphunziro andakatulo aku Scandinavia, komanso adawerenga zolemba za nthawi yakale ndipo adaphunzira nzeru zakale.
Chovuta kwambiri kwa Schopenhauer chinali malamulo ndi zamulungu. Komabe, mu 1812 University of Jena idamupatsa dzina la Doctor of Philosophy posakhalitsa.
Mabuku
Mu 1819, Arthur Schopenhauer adapereka ntchito yayikulu m'moyo wake wonse - "The World as Will and Representation." Mmenemo, adalongosola mwatsatanetsatane masomphenya ake a tanthauzo la moyo, kusungulumwa, kulera ana, ndi zina zambiri.
Popanga ntchitoyi, wafilosofi adalimbikitsidwa ndi ntchito za Epictetus ndi Kant. Wolemba anafuna kutsimikizira owerenga kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa munthu - umphumphu wamkati ndi mgwirizano ndi wekha. Ananenanso kuti thanzi la thupi ndiye chifukwa chokha chokhazikitsira chisangalalo.
Mu 1831 Schopenhauer amafalitsa buku la "Eristics kapena Art of Winning Disputes", lomwe lero silitaya kutchuka kwake komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Woganiza amalankhula za maluso okuthandizani kuti mukhale opambana pokambirana ndi wolankhulira kapena gulu la anthu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti wolemba amafotokoza momveka bwino momwe mungakhalire olondola, ngakhale mutalakwitsa. Malinga ndi iye, kupambana pamkangano kumatheka pokhapokha ngati zowonetsedwa bwino.
Mu ntchito "Pazinthu zosafunikira komanso zachisoni pamoyo" Arthur akuwuza kuti anthu ali akapolo azilakolako zawo. Chaka chilichonse zosowa zawo zimakula, zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi chilichonse cham'mbuyomu kumabweretsa chatsopano, koma champhamvu kwambiri.
Buku "Metaphysics of Sexual Love" liyenera kusamalidwa mwapadera, lomwe limafotokoza malingaliro a Schopenhauer. Kuphatikiza pa chikondi chakugonana, mitu yokhudzana ndi imfa komanso malingaliro ake imalingaliridwa pano.
Arthur Schopenhauer adalemba ntchito zambiri zofunika, kuphatikizapo "Pa chifuniro cha chilengedwe", "Pamakhalidwe abwino" ndi "Pa ufulu wakufuna".
Moyo waumwini
Schopenhauer analibe mawonekedwe okongola. Anali wamfupi, wamapewa opapatiza, komanso anali ndi mutu wokulirapo. Mwachilengedwe, anali misanthrope, osayesa kuyambitsa zokambirana ngakhale ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Komabe, nthawi ndi nthawi, Arthur amalankhulabe ndi atsikana omwe amawakopa ndi zolankhula ndi malingaliro ake. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina ankakopana ndi azimayiwo ndipo ankakonda zosangalatsa.
Schopenhauer anakhalabe bachelor wakale. Amadziwika ndi kukonda ufulu, kukayikira komanso kunyalanyaza moyo wosalira zambiri. Anaika thanzi patsogolo, zomwe adazitchula m'malemba ake.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti wafilosofiyo adakayikira kwambiri. Amatha kudzitsimikizira kuti akufuna kumupha poyizoni, kumubera kapena kumupha pomwe palibe chifukwa chomveka chochitira izi.
Schopenhauer anali ndi laibulale yayikulu yamabuku opitilira 1,300. Ndipo ngakhale ankakonda kuwerenga, iye anali wotsutsa kuwerenga, chifukwa owerenga anabwereka maganizo a anthu ena, ndipo sanatenge malingaliro kuchokera m'mutu mwake.
Mwamunayo mwachipongwe anachitira "afilosofi" ndi "asayansi" omwe nthawi ndi nthawi amangogwira ntchito zofufuza ndi kufufuza. Adalimbikitsa malingaliro odziyimira pawokha, chifukwa mwanjira imeneyi munthu amatha kukula monga munthu.
Schopenhauer ankawona kuti nyimbo ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri ndipo ankasewera zitoliro moyo wake wonse. Monga polyglot, amadziwa Chijeremani, Chitaliyana, Chisipanishi, Chifalansa, Chingerezi, Chilatini ndi Chigiriki Chakale, komanso amakonda ndakatulo ndi mabuku. Amakonda makamaka ntchito za Goethe, Petrarch, Calderon ndi Shakespeare.
Imfa
Schopenhauer adadziwika ndi thanzi labwino ndipo sanadwale konse. Chifukwa chake, pomwe adayamba kugunda kwamtima komanso kusapeza pang'ono kuseri kwa chifuwa, sanazindikire izi.
Arthur Schopenhauer anamwalira pa Seputembara 21, 1860 atadwala chibayo ali ndi zaka 72. Adamwalira atakhala pakama kunyumba. Thupi lake silinatsegulidwe, chifukwa wafilosofi, panthawi ya moyo wake, adafunsa kuti asachite izi.
Zithunzi za Schopenhauer
