Andy Warhole (dzina lenileni Andrew Warhol; 1928-1987) ndi wojambula waku America, wopanga, wopanga, wolemba, wofalitsa magazini komanso director. Wodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya kuyenda kwaluso kwambiri komanso zaluso zamakono. Woyambitsa malingaliro a "homo universale", wopanga ntchito pafupi ndi "art pop art".
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Andy Warhol, amene ife tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Andy Warhol.
Wambiri Andy Warhol
Andy Warhol adabadwa pa Ogasiti 6, 1928 ku American Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania). Anakulira m'banja losavuta la osamukira ku Slovakia.
Bambo ake, Andrei, migodi malasha mu mgodi, ndi mayi ake, Julia, ntchito kuyeretsa. Andy anali ndi mwana wachinayi wa makolo ake.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Andy Warhol anakulira m'banja lodzipereka, lomwe mamembala ake anali Akatolika achi Greek. Kuyambira ali mwana, mnyamatayo ankapita kukachisi pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, komwe amapemphera kwa Mulungu.
Andy ali mugiredi lachitatu, adadwala matenda a chorea a Sydenham, momwe munthu amakhala ndi ziwalo zaminyewa zosafunikira. Zotsatira zake, kuyambira mwana wosangalala komanso wankhanza, nthawi yomweyo adakhala wofera, wokhala pakama zaka zambiri.
Chifukwa cha thanzi lake, Warhol sanathe kupita kusukulu, kukhala wosalidwa kwenikweni mkalasi. Izi zidapangitsa kuti asanduke mwana wosatetezeka komanso wosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, adayamba mantha atawona zipatala ndi madotolo, omwe adakhala nawo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo.
M'zaka za mbiri yake, pomwe Andy adakakamizidwa kugona pabedi, adachita chidwi ndi zojambulajambula. Anadula zithunzi za ojambula otchuka m'manyuzipepala, kenako adapanga ma collages. Malinga ndi iye, chinali chizolowezi ichi chomwe chidadzutsa chidwi chake muzojambula ndikukhala ndi luso la zaluso.
Pamene Warhol adakali wachinyamata, bambo ake adamwalira, zomvetsa chisoni kuti adafera mgodi. Atalandira satifiketi, adalowa ku Carnegie Institute of Technology, posankha kulumikizana ndi moyo wake ndi ntchito yojambula.
Carier kuyamba
Nditamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1949, Andy Warhol adapita ku New York, komwe anali kuvala pazenera, komanso kujambula mapositi ndi zikwangwani. Pambuyo pake adayamba kuchita nawo zolemba zingapo zodziwika, kuphatikiza Harper's Bazaar ndi Vogue, akugwira ntchito yojambula.
Kupambana koyamba kwa Warhol kudabwera atapanga chilengezo cha fakitale ya nsapato "I. Miller ". Ankajambula nsapato pachithunzichi, ndikukongoletsa zojambula zake ndi mabala. Pa ntchito yake, amalandila ndalama zabwino, komanso zopereka zambiri kuchokera kumakampani odziwika bwino.
Mu 1962 Andy adapanga chiwonetsero chake choyamba, chomwe chidamupangitsa kutchuka kwambiri. Bizinesi yake inali kuyenda bwino kwambiri kotero kuti anali wokhoza kugula nyumba ku Manhattan.
Atakhala munthu wolemera, Andy Warhol adatha kuchita zomwe amakonda - kujambula. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti anali m'modzi woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito makina osindikiza. Chifukwa chake, adatha kuchulukitsa zibalo zake mwachangu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito matrices, Warhol adapanga makolaji otchuka kwambiri okhala ndi zithunzi za Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Lenin ndi John F. Kennedy, omwe pambuyo pake adakhala zizindikilo za zojambulajambula.
Chilengedwe
Mu 1960 Andy adagwira ntchito yopanga zitini za Coca-Cola. Kenako adachita chidwi ndi zojambulajambula, zosonyeza ndalama zolembedwa pamabotolo. Nthawi yomweyo, gawo la "zitini" lidayamba, lomwe adalipaka pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikiza a silika.
Warhol amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri ojambula kwambiri pop. Ntchito yake idanenedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana: ena amamutcha kuti satirist, ena ndi akatswiri podzudzula moyo watsiku ndi tsiku waku America, ndipo ena amatenga ntchito yake ngati bizinesi yopambana.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Andy Warhol anali mbuye wabwino kwambiri wokonda kukwiya ndipo amadziwika ndi kupyola malire. Zithunzi za ojambula ndi andale ofunikira padziko lonse lapansi adalamulidwa kuchokera kwa iye.
Nyumba ku Manhattan, komwe wojambulayo amakhala, Andy adatcha "The Factory". Apa iye ankasindikiza zithunzi, anapanga mafilimu ndipo nthawi zambiri anakonza madzulo kulenga, kumene osankhika lonse. Iye amatchedwa osati mfumu ya luso Pop, komanso woimira chifungulo cha luso lamakono luso.
Lero Warhol ndiwotsogola pamndandanda wazomwe amagulitsa kwambiri. Kuyambira mu 2013, mtengo wonse wazogulitsa ku America zomwe zidagulitsidwa pamisika idadutsa $ 427 miliyoni! Nthawi yomweyo, mbiri idakhazikitsidwa - $ 105.4 miliyoni pa Silver Car Crash, yomwe idapangidwa mu 1963.
Kuyesera kupha
M'chilimwe cha 1968, wachikazi wotchedwa Valerie Solanas, yemwe adasewera mu imodzi mwamakanema a Warhol, adamuwombera katatu m'mimba. Kenako mtsikanayo anatembenukira kwa wapolisiyo, kumudziwitsa za mlandu wake.
Atavulala kwambiri, mfumu ya zojambulajambula zidapulumutsidwa modabwitsa. Anamwalira mwachipatala ndikumuchita opareshoni yovuta, ndipo zotsatirapo za tsokali zidamutsata mpaka kumwalira.
Warhol anakana kuzenga mlandu wachikazi, ndichifukwa chake Valerie adangokhala m'ndende zaka zitatu zokha, komanso kukakamizidwa kuchipatala cha amisala. Andy adakakamizidwa kuvala corset yapadera yopitilira chaka, chifukwa ziwalo zake zonse zamkati zidawonongeka.
Pambuyo pake, chithunzicho chidayamba kuwopa kwambiri madotolo ndi mabungwe azachipatala. Izi zimawonetsedwa osati mu psyche yake yokha, komanso pantchito yake. M'masheya ake, nthawi zambiri amawonetsa mipando yamagetsi, masoka, kudzipha ndi zinthu zina.
Moyo waumwini
Kwa nthawi yayitali, Warhol amadziwika kuti anali pachibwenzi ndi malo ake osungira zakale ndi chibwenzi chake, a Edie Sedgwick. Amakonda kumasuka limodzi, kuvala mofanana komanso kuvala tsitsi lomwelo.
Komabe, Andy anali kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mu ntchito yake. Okonda ake munthawi zosiyanasiyana anali Billy Name, John Giorno, Jed Johnson ndi John Gould. Komabe, ndizovuta kutchula nambala yeniyeni ya omwe akuchita nawo zaluso.
Imfa
Andy Warhol anamwalira pa February 22, 1987 ali ndi zaka 58. Adamwalira ku Manhattan Hospital, komwe ndulu yake idachotsedwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa wojambulayo ndikumangidwa kwamtima.
Achibale ake asumira chipatalacho, akuimba mlandu ogwira nawo ntchito osamalira mosayenera. Mikanganoyo idathetsedwa nthawi yomweyo kukhothi, ndipo banja la Warhol lidalandila ndalama. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti madotolo anali otsimikiza kuti adzapulumuka pa opaleshoniyi.
Komabe, kuwunikanso mlanduwo, patatha zaka 30 Andy atamwalira, kwawonetsa kuti opareshoniyo inali yowopsa kuposa momwe zimawonekera poyamba. Akatswiriwa adakumbukira zaka zake, mavuto a ndulu, komanso mabala amfuti am'mbuyomu.
Chithunzi ndi Andy Warhol
