Leonid Iovich Gaidai (1923-1993) - Soviet ndi Russian wotsogolera filimu, wosewera, wolemba. People's Artist of the USSR ndikulandila State Prize ya RSFSR iwo. abale Vasiliev.
Gaidai adawombera makanema ambiri achipembedzo, kuphatikiza Operation Y ndi Ma Adventures Ena a Shurik, Wamndende wa Caucasus, Dzanja Lamadzulo, Ivan Vasilyevich Amasintha Ntchito Yake ndi Sportloto-82.
Pa biography ya Gaidai pali zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa, zomwe tikuwuzani m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Leonid Gaidai.
Wambiri Gaidai
Leonid Gaidai adabadwa pa Januware 30, 1923 mumzinda wa Svobodny (Chigawo cha Amur) .Adakulira m'banja logwira ntchito lomwe silikugwirizana ndi makampani opanga mafilimu.
Bambo a wotsogolera, Job Isidovich, anali wogwira ntchito pa njanjiyo, ndipo amayi ake, Maria Ivanovna, anali ndi ana atatu: Leonid, Alexander ndi Augusta.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Pafupifupi atangobadwa Leonid, banja linasamukira ku Chita, ndipo kenako ku Irkutsk, komwe mtsogoleri wa kanema wamtsogolo adakhala ali mwana. Anaphunzira pasukulu yanjanji, yomwe adamaliza maphunziro ake tsiku lomwelo lisanayambike Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lako (1941-1945).
A Nazi aku Germany atangowukira USSR, Gaidai adaganiza zopita patsogolo, koma sanapereke komitiyi chifukwa cha msinkhu wake. Zotsatira zake, adapeza ntchito yowunikira ku Moscow Theatre of Satire, yomwe panthawiyo idasamutsidwira ku Irkutsk.
Mnyamatayo adakhala nawo pa zisudzo zonse, akuyang'ana mosangalala ndi seweroli. Ngakhale apo, chidwi chofuna kulumikizana ndi moyo wake ndi bwalo lamasewera chidayamba mwa iye.
M'dzinja la 1941, Leonid Gaidai adalembedwa usilikari. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pakagawidwe ka omenyera nkhondo, chochitika choseketsa chidachitika ndi mnyamatayo, chomwe chidzawonetsedwa pambuyo pake mufilimu yokhudza "Zopatsa za Shurik."
Pamene kazembe wankhondo adafunsa omwe adzalembedwe kumene akufuna kukatumikira, pafunso lililonse "Ndani ali mfuti?", "Mgulu Lankhondo?", "Kwa asitikali apamadzi?" Gaidai adafuula "Ine". Apa ndipamene mkuluyu adalankhula mawu odziwika bwino akuti "Dikirani! Ndiloleni ndiwerenge mndandanda wonsewu! "
Zotsatira zake, Leonid adatumizidwa ku Mongolia, koma posakhalitsa adatumizidwa ku Kalinin Front, komwe adatumikira ngati kazitape. Anatsimikizira kuti anali msirikali wolimba mtima.
Pa ntchito yonyansa pamudzi umodzi, Gaidai adakwanitsa kuponya ndi manja ake mabomba apabwalo lankhondo laku Germany. Zotsatira zake, adawononga adani atatu, kenako adagwira nawo akaidi.
Pochita izi, Leonid Gaidai adapatsidwa mendulo "For Merit Merit". Pankhondo yotsatira, anaphulitsidwa ndi mgodi, ndikumupweteketsa mwendo wakumanja. Izi zidadzetsa kuti komitiyi idamupeza kuti sangayenerere kugwira ntchito zina.
Makanema
Mu 1947, Gaidai anamaliza maphunziro ku zisudzo ku Irkutsk. Apa adagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo ngati woyimba komanso kuyatsa masitepe.
Pambuyo pake, Leonid anapita ku Moscow, kumene anakhala wophunzira wa dipatimenti yoyang'anira VGIK. Pambuyo pa zaka 6 akuphunzira ku sukuluyi, adapeza ntchito ku studio ya Mosfilm.
Mu 1956, Gaidai, pamodzi ndi Valentin Nevzorov, adawombera sewerolo The Long Way. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, adapereka nthabwala zazifupi "Mkwati Wadziko Lonse." Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, iyi ndiye kanema yokhayo mu mbiri yakulemba ya director yomwe idawunikidwa kwambiri.
Dziwani kuti kanemayo anali woyamba kutalika konse. Zidasewera pamabungwe aku Soviet Union komanso chicanery.
Zotsatira zake, pomwe Minister of Culture wa USSR adaziwona, adalamula kuti adule magawo ambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera mufilimu yayitali yonse, kanemayo adasandulika kanema wachidule.
Ankafunanso kuchotsa Leonid Gaidai kuwongolera. Kenako adavomera koyamba komanso komaliza kupanga mgwirizano ndi Mosfilm. Mwamunayo adajambula sewero lantchito yokhudza sitima yapamadzi "Katatu Anaukitsidwa".
Ngakhale ntchitoyi idakondedwa ndi owunikira, omwe amalola Gaidai kupitiliza kupanga makanema, wotsogolera yekha adachita manyazi ndi seweroli mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku ake.
Mu 1961, Leonid adapereka nthabwala ziwiri zazifupi - "Watchdog Dog ndi Unusual Cross" ndi "Moonshiners", zomwe zidamupangitsa kutchuka kwambiri. Ndipamene omvera adawona utatu wotchuka mwa Coward (Vitsin ", Dunce (Nikulin) ndi Experienced (Morgunov).
Pambuyo pake, makanema atsopano a Gaidai "Operation Y" ndi Ma Adventures Ena a Shurik, "Mkaidi wa Caucasus, kapena New Adventures a Shurik" ndi "The Diamond Hand", omwe adazijambulidwa mzaka 60, adatulutsidwa pazenera lalikulu. Makanema onse atatu anali opambana kwambiri ndipo amawerengedwa kuti ndi achikhalidwe cha Soviet cinema.
Mu 70s Leonid Gaidai anapitiriza kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Munthawi imeneyi, abale ake adawona zaluso ngati "Ivan Vasilyevich asintha ntchito yake", "Sizingatheke!" ndi "mipando 12". Adakhala m'modzi mwa otsogolera odziwika komanso okondedwa mu Soviet Union.
Zaka khumi zikubwerazi, Gaidai adapereka ntchito 4, pomwe ma comedies odziwika bwino kwambiri "Behind the Matches" ndi "Sportloto-82". Panthawi ya mbiri yake, adawomberanso timatumba tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono 14.
Mu 1989 Leonid Gaidai adapatsidwa ulemu wa People's Artist wa USSR. Soviet Union itagwa, adawombera chithunzi chimodzi chokha "Nyengo ili bwino ku Deribasovskaya, kapena kukugweranso ku Brighton Beach."
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kanemayu ali ndi ziwonetsero za atsogoleri aku Soviet, kuyambira Lenin mpaka Gorbachev, komanso Purezidenti waku America a George W. Bush.
Moyo waumwini
Leonid adakumana ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo, wojambula Nina Grebeshkova, akuphunzira ku VGIK. Achinyamata adakwatirana mu 1953, atakhala limodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 40.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti Nina adakana kutenga dzina la mwamuna wake, chifukwa sizikudziwika ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi abisala pansi pa dzina la Gaidai, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kwa wojambula kanema.
Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi mtsikana, Oksana, yemwe mtsogolo adakhala wogwira ntchito kubanki.
Imfa
M'zaka zaposachedwa, thanzi la Gaidai lasiya zabwino. Ankada nkhawa kwambiri ndi bala lomwe sanawulule mwendo wake. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chosuta fodya, njira zake zopumira zidayamba kusokonezeka kwambiri.
Leonid Iovich Gaidai anamwalira pa Novembala 19, 1993 ali ndi zaka 70. Adamwalira ndi embolism ya m'mapapo.
Zithunzi za Gaidai
