Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828) - Wolemba nyimbo waku Austrian, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa nyimbo zachikondi, wolemba nyimbo pafupifupi 600, nyimbo za 9, komanso zipinda zambiri zama piano.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Schubert, yomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Franz Schubert.
Schubert mbiri
Franz Schubert adabadwa pa Januware 31, 1797 ku Vienna, likulu la Austria. Anakulira m'banja losauka lomwe limapeza ndalama zochepa.
Abambo ake, a Franz Theodor, amaphunzitsa pasukulu ya parishi, ndipo amayi ake, a Elisabeth, anali ophika. Banja la Schubert linali ndi ana 14, 9 mwa iwo adamwalira ali aang'ono.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Maluso a nyimbo a Schubert adayamba kudziwonetsera adakali aang'ono. Aphunzitsi ake oyamba anali abambo ake, omwe amasewera vayolini, ndi mchimwene wake Ignaz, yemwe amadziwa kusewera piyano.
Pamene Franz anali ndi zaka 6, makolo ake anamutumiza kusukulu ya parishi. Chaka chotsatira, adayamba kuphunzira kuimba ndi kusewera limba. Mnyamatayo anali ndi mawu osangalatsa, chifukwa chake pambuyo pake adatengeredwa ndi "mwana woimba" mchipinda chapafupi, ndipo adalembetsanso ku sukulu yogonera komweko, komwe adapeza abwenzi ambiri.
Pa mbiri ya 1810-1813. Luso la Schubert monga wolemba nyimbo lidadzutsidwa. Adalemba nyimbo, opera ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.
Maphunziro ovuta kwambiri kwa mnyamatayo anali masamu ndi Chilatini. Komabe, palibe amene adakayikira luso lake loimba. Mu 1808 Schubert adayitanidwa kuyimba yachifumu.
Mlendo waku Austria ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 13, adalemba nyimbo yake yoyamba. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Antonio Salieri adayamba kumuphunzitsa. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Salieri adavomera kupatsa Franz maphunziro aulere, chifukwa adawona luso mwa iye.
Nyimbo
Pamene mawu a Schubert adayamba kumveka ali wachinyamata, adayenera kusiya kwayala. Pambuyo pake adalowa seminare ya aphunzitsi. Mu 1814 adapeza ntchito pasukulu, yophunzitsa zilembo kwa ophunzira aku pulayimale.
Panthawiyo, a Franz Schubert adapitiliza kulemba nyimbo, komanso kuphunzira za Mozart, Beethoven ndi Gluck. Posakhalitsa adazindikira kuti kugwira ntchito kusukulu kunali chizolowezi kwa iye, chifukwa chake adaganiza zosiya mu 1818.
Pofika zaka 20, Schubert adalemba ma symphony osachepera 5, ma sonat 7 ndi nyimbo pafupifupi 300. Adalemba zaluso zake "usana ndi usiku". Nthawi zambiri wolemba nyimboyo ankadzuka pakati pausiku kuti ajambulitse nyimbo zomwe amamva ali mtulo.
Franz nthawi zambiri ankapita kumadzulo osiyanasiyana, ndipo ambiri ankachitikira kunyumba kwake. Mu 1816, adafuna kupeza ntchito yoyendetsa ku Laibach, koma adakanidwa.
Posakhalitsa chochitika chachikulu chidachitika mu mbiri ya Schubert. Anakumana ndi baritone wotchuka Johann Fogal. Nyimbo zake zomwe Vogl adachita zidatchuka kwambiri pagulu.
Franz adalemba ntchito zambiri zodziwika bwino, kuphatikiza "The Forest Tsar" ndi "Erlafsee". Schubert anali ndi abwenzi olemera omwe amakonda ntchito yake ndipo omwe nthawi ndi nthawi amamupatsa ndalama.
Komabe, mwamunthu, mwamunayo analibe chuma. Opera Alfonso ndi Estrella, yomwe Franz adasilira, adakana. Izi zidadzetsa mavuto azachuma. Mu 1822 adayamba kudwala.
Nthawi imeneyo, Schubert adasamukira ku Zheliz, komwe adakhazikika munyumba ya Count Johannes Esterhazy. Kumeneko anaphunzitsa ana ake aakazi nyimbo. Mu 1823 mwamunayo adasankhidwa kukhala membala wolemekezeka ku Styrian ndi Linz Musical Unions.
Nthawi yomweyo, woimbayo akupereka nyimbo yake "Mkazi Wokongola wa Miller", potengera mawu a Wilhelm Müller. Kenako adalemba ulendo wina "Njira ya Zima", yomwe idachitika ndi zolemba zopanda chiyembekezo.
Olemba mbiri ya Schubert akuti chifukwa cha umphawi, nthawi zina amakakamizidwa kugona usiku m'zipinda zam'mwamba. Komabe, ngakhale kumeneko anapitiliza kulemba ntchito. M'zaka zomalizira za moyo wake anali pamavuto akulu, koma anali wamanyazi kupempha abwenzi kuti amuthandize.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mchaka cha 1828 woimbayo adapereka konsati yokhayo yomwe idachita bwino kwambiri.
Moyo waumwini
Schubert adasiyanitsidwa ndi kufatsa komanso manyazi. Ndalama zochepa zopeka zomwe wolemba uja adalemba zidamulepheretsa kukhala ndi banja, popeza mtsikana yemwe anali naye pachibwenzi adasankha kukwatiwa ndi munthu wachuma.
Wokondedwa wa Franz amatchedwa Teresa Gorb. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mtsikanayo sakanakhoza kutchedwa kukongola. Anali ndi tsitsi lofiirira komanso nkhope yotuwa ndi nthomba.
Komabe, Schubert sanasamale kwambiri za mawonekedwe a Teresa, koma ndi momwe amamvera mosamala nyimbo zake. Nthawi ngati imeneyi, nkhope ya msungwanayo idakhala yosalala, ndipo maso ake adatulutsa chisangalalo. Koma popeza Gorb adakula wopanda bambo, sutiyi idakopa mwana wake wamkazi kuti akhale mkazi wa wophika buledi wachuma.
Malinga ndi mphekesera, mu 1822 Franz adadwala chindoko, chomwe panthawiyo chimawerengedwa kuti sichachira. Kuchokera apa titha kuganiza kuti adagwiritsa ntchito mahule.
Imfa
Franz Schubert anamwalira pa Novembala 19, 1828 ali ndi zaka 31 atadwala malungo milungu iwiri chifukwa cha malungo a typhoid. Iye anaikidwa m'manda a Wehring, kumene fano lake Beethoven anaikidwa m'manda posachedwapa.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti nyimbo yayikulu yolemba nyimbo ku C major idapezeka patatha zaka 10 atamwalira. Kuphatikiza apo, mipukutu yambiri yosasindikiza idatsalira atamwalira. Kwa nthawi yayitali palibe amene ankadziwa kuti iwo anali a cholembera cha wolemba nyimbo waku Austria.
Zithunzi za Schubert
