Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky (1792-1856) - Katswiri wa masamu waku Russia, m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa masamu osakhala a Euclidean, wophunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ndi maphunziro aboma. Master of Science mu Sayansi.
Kwa zaka 40 adaphunzitsa ku Imperial Kazan University, kuphatikiza zaka 19 ngati woyang'anira wawo.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu mbiri ya Lobachevsky, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Nikolai Lobachevsky.
Wambiri Lobachevsky
Nikolai Lobachevsky anabadwa pa November 20 (1 December), 1792 ku Nizhny Novgorod. Anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la mkulu, Ivan Maksimovich, ndi mkazi wake Praskovya Alexandrovna.
Kuphatikiza pa Nicholas, m'banja la Lobachevsky, ana ena awiri anabadwa - Alexander ndi Alexey.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Bambo ake a Nikolai Lobachevsky anamwalira ali mwana, atamwalira ndi matenda ali ndi zaka 40.
Zotsatira zake, amayi adayenera kulera ndi kusamalira ana atatu ali okha. Mu 1802, mayiyo adatumiza ana ake onse kumalo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Kazan kuti "azisamalira boma raznochinsky."
Nikolai adalandira mamakisi onse m'mayendedwe onse. Anali wodziwa bwino kwambiri za sayansi yeniyeni, komanso kuphunzira zilankhulo zakunja.
Inali nthawi ya mbiri yake yomwe Lobachevsky adayamba kusonyeza chidwi ndi masamu.
Atamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, Nikolai anapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Kazan University. Kuphatikiza pa sayansi yakuthupi ndi masamu, wophunzirayo amakonda chemistry ndi pharmacology.
Ngakhale kuti Lobachevsky anali wophunzira wakhama kwambiri, nthawi zina ankachita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoseketsa. Pali mulandu wodziwika pomwe iye, pamodzi ndi amnzake, adaikidwa mndende yopangira roketi yokometsera.
M'chaka chomaliza cha maphunziro ake, adafunanso kutulutsa Nikolai ku yunivesite chifukwa cha "kusamvera, zoyipa komanso zisonyezo zakusapembedza."
Komabe, Lobachevsky adakwanitsabe kumaliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite ndikupeza digiri ya master mu fizikiki ndi masamu. Wophunzira waluso uja adatsalira ku yunivesite, komabe, adafuna kumumvera kwathunthu.
Ntchito zasayansi komanso zophunzitsa
M'chaka cha 1811, Nikolai Lobachevsky, pamodzi ndi mnzake, anaona comet. Zotsatira zake, miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake adapereka malingaliro ake, omwe adawatcha - "Lingaliro la kuyenda kwa elliptical kwa zakuthambo."
Patapita zaka zingapo, Lobachevsky akuyamba kuphunzitsa ophunzira masamu ndi geometry. Mu 1814 adakwezedwa pantchito yopanga masamu enieni, ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri adakhala pulofesa wodabwitsa.
Chifukwa cha izi, Nikolai Ivanovich anali ndi mwayi wophunzitsa zambiri za algebra ndi trigonometry. Pofika nthawiyo, adakwanitsa kuwonetsa luso lotsogola, chifukwa chake Lobachevsky adasankhidwa kukhala wamkulu wa Faculty of Physics and Mathematics.
Pogwiritsa ntchito udindo waukulu pakati pa anzake ndi ophunzira, katswiri wa masamu anayamba kutsutsa maphunziro ku yunivesite. Anali wotsutsana ndi kuti sayansi yeniyeni idachotsedwa kumbuyo, ndipo chidwi chake chachikulu chimayang'ana pa zamulungu.
Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, Nikolai Lobachevsky adalemba buku loyambirira la jiometri, momwe adagwiritsa ntchito metric. Kuphatikiza apo, m'bukuli, wolemba adachoka pa mndandanda wa Euclidean. Otsutsa adatsutsa bukulo, kuletsa kuti lisasindikizidwe.
Pamene Nicholas I anayamba kulamulira, iye anachotsa Mikhail Magnitsky pa udindo wa trasti wa yunivesite, kuika m'malo mwake Mikhail Musin-Pushkin. Wachiwiriyu anali wodziwika chifukwa choumira kwake, koma nthawi yomweyo anali wachilungamo komanso wopembedza.
Mu 1827, muvoti yachinsinsi, Lobachevsky adasankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira yunivesite. Musin-Pushkin ankachitira katswiri wa masamu, kuyesera kuti asasokoneze ntchito yake ndi dongosolo la kuphunzitsa.
M'malo ake atsopano, Nikolai Lobachevsky adasintha zinthu zingapo m'malo osiyanasiyana. Adalamula kukonzanso ogwira nawo ntchito, kumanga nyumba zophunzitsira, komanso kukonza ma laboratories, malo owonera ndikuwonjezeranso laibulale.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Lobachevsky adachita zambiri ndi manja ake, akugwira ntchito iliyonse. Monga rector, adaphunzitsa geometry, algebra, lingaliro la kuthekera, makina, fizikiki, zakuthambo ndi sayansi zina.
Mwamuna amatha kulowa m'malo mwa mphunzitsi aliyense, ngati sizinali zifukwa zina.
Panthawi imeneyi ya mbiri, Lobachevsky anapitiliza kugwira ntchito mwakhama pama geometry omwe sanali a Euclidean, omwe adadzutsa chidwi chake chachikulu.
Posakhalitsa, katswiri wa masamu adamaliza kulemba lingaliro loyamba la chiphunzitso chake chatsopanocho, ndikupereka mawu "Chiwonetsero Chachidule Cha Mfundo za Jometry" Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1830, ntchito yake pama geometry omwe sanali a Euclidean adatsutsidwa kwambiri.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya Lobachevsky igwedezeke pamaso pa anzawo ndi ophunzira. Komabe, mu 1833 adasankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira yunivesite kachitatu.
Mu 1834, pogwiritsa ntchito Nikolai Ivanovich, magazini "Scientific Notes of Kazan University" inayamba kufalitsidwa, momwe adafalitsanso ntchito zake zatsopano.
Komabe, aphunzitsi onse a St. Petersburg anali ndi malingaliro olakwika pantchito za Lobachevsky. Izi zidapangitsa kuti asateteze malingaliro ake.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Musin-Pushkin anathandiza woyang'anira, chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwake kunachepa pang'ono.
Mfumu itapita ku yunivesite mu 1836, idakondwera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, chifukwa chake adapatsa Lobachevsky ulemu wa Anna, digiri yachiwiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti lamuloli limalola kuti munthu alandire ulemu.
Pambuyo pazaka ziwiri, Nikolai Ivanovich adapatsidwa ulemu ndipo adamupatsa chiphaso ndi mawu oti - "pazantchito zantchito ndi sayansi."
Lobachevsky adatsogolera University ya Kazan pa mbiri yake kuyambira 1827 mpaka 1846. Pansi pa utsogoleri wake waluso, maphunziro adakhala amodzi mwa zida zabwino kwambiri ku Russia.
Moyo waumwini
Mu 1832 Lobachevsky anakwatira mtsikana wotchedwa Varvara Alekseevna. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti wosankhidwa wa masamu anali wocheperako zaka 20.
Olemba mbiri yakale akutsutsanabe za kuchuluka kwa ana obadwira m'banja la Lobachevsky. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, ana 7 adapulumuka.
Zaka zapitazi ndi imfa
Mu 1846, Undunawo udachotsa a Lobachevsky paudindo wa rector, pambuyo pake a Ivan Simonov adasankhidwa kukhala mutu watsopano wa yunivesite.
Pambuyo pake, mzere wakuda udabwera mu mbiri ya Nikolai Ivanovich. Adawonongeka kwambiri kotero kuti adakakamizidwa kugulitsa nyumba ndi malo amkazi wake. Pasanapite nthawi, mwana wake woyamba Alexei anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
Atatsala pang'ono kumwalira, Lobachevsky adayamba kudwala pafupipafupi komanso kuwona bwino. Chaka chimodzi asanamwalire, adafalitsa buku lake lomaliza "Pangeometry", lolembedwa motsogozedwa ndi otsatira ake.
Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky adamwalira pa February 12 (24), 1856, osalandiridwa ndi anzawo. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake, anthu am'nthawi yake sanamvetsetse malingaliro ofunikira a akatswiri.
Pafupifupi zaka 10, asayansi padziko lonse lapansi adzayamikira ntchito ya katswiri wa masamu waku Russia. Zolemba zake zidzamasuliridwa mzilankhulo zonse zazikulu zaku Europe.
Maphunziro a Eugenio Beltrami, Felix Klein ndi Henri Poincaré adagwira gawo lofunikira pozindikira malingaliro a Nikolai Lobachevsky. Adatsimikiza pakuwonetsa kuti masamu a Lobachevsky satsutsana.
Asayansi atazindikira kuti panali njira ina yotengera ma geometry a Euclidean, izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale malingaliro apadera masamu ndi fizikiya.
