Arkady Isaakovich Raikin (1911-1987) - Soviet zisudzo, siteji ndi filimu wosewera, wotsogolera zisudzo, zisangalalo ndi satirist. Anthu ojambula a USSR ndi Lenin Prize Laureate. Hero wa Ntchito Zachikhalidwe. Iye ndi mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri kuseketsa Soviet mu mbiriyakale.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Arkady Raikin, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Arkady Raikin.
Wambiri Arkady Raikin
Arkady Raikin anabadwa pa October 11 (24), 1911 ku Riga. Anakulira m'banja lachiyuda.
Bambo humorist, Isaac Davidovich, anali broker doko, ndi mayi ake, Leia Borisovna, ankagwira ntchito ya mzamba ndipo anali ndi banja.
Kuphatikiza pa Arkady, m'banja la Raikin mwana wamwamuna Max ndi atsikana awiri - Bella ndi Sophia.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse (1914-1918), banja lonse lidasamukira ku Rybinsk, ndipo zaka zingapo pambuyo pake ku St.
Arkady anachita chidwi ndi zisudzo adakali aang'ono. Pamodzi ndi ana apabwalo, adakonza zisudzo zazing'ono, ndipo pambuyo pake adalembetsa kalabu yamasewera.
Komanso, Raikin chidwi zojambula. Kusukulu yasekondale, adakumana ndi vuto - kuti agwirizanitse moyo wake ndi kujambula kapena kuchita.
Zotsatira zake, Arkady adasankha kuyesera ngati wojambula. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti makolo sanasangalale ndi chisankho cha mwana wawo wamwamuna, koma mnyamatayo adalimbikira yekha.
Atalandira satifiketi, Raikin adalowa mu Leningrad College of Performing Arts, zomwe zidakwiyitsa kwambiri abambo ndi amayi ake. Zinafika poti anakakamizika kuchoka panyumba pake.
Monga wophunzira, Arkady anatenga maphunziro payekha pantomime wojambula wotchuka Mikhail Savoyarov. M'tsogolomu, mnyamatayo adzafunika maluso omwe Savoyarov amuphunzitsa.
Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku sukulu yaukadaulo, Arkady adaloledwa kulowa mgulu la Leningrad Variety and Miniature Theatre, komwe adatha kuwulula kuthekera kwake.
Masewero
Adakali wophunzira, Raikin nawo zoimbaimba ana. Manambala ake adadzetsa chisangalalo chenicheni pakati pa anawo.
Mu 1939, chochitika choyamba chofunikira chidachitika mu mbiri yolenga ya Arkady. Anakwanitsa kupambana mpikisano wa ojambula ojambula ndi manambala - "Chaplin" ndi "Bear".
Pa Leningrad Theatre Raikin anapitiriza kuchita pa siteji, kuphunzira mtundu wanyimbo wa zosangalatsa. Masewero ake anali opambana kwambiri kotero kuti patatha zaka zitatu wojambula wachichepereyo adapatsidwa udindo wa director director wa tetra.
Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945) Arkady anapereka zoimbaimba kutsogolo, amene anali asankha kuti mphoto zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Order ya Red Star.
Nkhondo itatha, wokondedwayo adabwerera kumalo owonetsera kwawo, akuwonetsa ziwerengero zatsopano ndi mapulogalamu.
Nthabwala
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 40, Raikin, pamodzi ndi satirist Vladimir Polyakov, adapanga ziwonetsero: "Pa chikho cha tiyi", "Usadutse", "Kunena Moona".
Zolankhula za mnyamatayo mwachangu zidapeza kutchuka konse kwa Mgwirizano, ndichifukwa chake adayamba kuwonetsedwa pa TV ndikuwonetsedwa pawailesi.
Omvera adakonda kwambiri manambala omwe mwamunayo adasintha mawonekedwe ake nthawi yomweyo. Zotsatira zake, adakwanitsa kupanga anthu ambiri osiyanasiyana ndikudziwonetsa yekha ngati mbuye wosintha masiteji.
Pasanapite nthawi, Arkady Raikin akupita kukayendera mayiko akunja, kuphatikizapo Hungary, GDR, Romania ndi Great Britain.
Kulikonse kumene wotsutsa zaku Russia amabwera, anali kuchita bwino. Pambuyo pawonetsero aliyense, omvera adamuwona akutuluka ndi ma ovations okweza.
Kamodzi, paulendo ku Odessa, Arkady Isaakovich adakumana ndi akatswiri ojambula achichepere. Pambuyo pake, adapereka mgwirizano kwa Mikhail Zhvanetsky wodziwika bwino, komanso Roman Kartsev ndi Viktor Ilchenko.
Ndi gulu Raikin analenga kakang'ono kwambiri yowala, amene analandira ndi anthu Soviet. Chimodzi mwazithunzi zotchuka kwambiri chinali "Traffic Light".
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti Arkady Raikin anali pafupifupi yekhayo wojambula yemwe, panthawi yovuta imeneyo, analimba mtima kulankhula za ndale ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'dzikoli. M'ma monologues ake, adayang'ana mobwerezabwereza momwe mphamvu zingawonongere munthu.
Malankhulidwe a satirist adasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwongola ndi kunyoza, koma nthawi yomweyo anali olondola komanso anzeru. Kuwona manambala ake, owonera amatha kuwerenga pakati pamizere zomwe wolemba amafuna kunena.
Leningrad utsogoleri anali osamala za humorist, chifukwa panali ubale kwambiri pakati pa akuluakulu a dera ndi Raikin.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti Arkady Isaakovich apemphe payekha kwa Leonid Brezhnev, kumufunsa kuti akakhazikike ku Moscow.
Pambuyo pake, comedian ndi gululo adasamukira ku likulu, komwe adapitiliza kupanga ku State Theatre of Miniature.
Raikin anapereka zoimbaimba ndipo anapereka mapulogalamu atsopano. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, State Theatre of Miniature idasinthidwa kukhala "Satyricon".
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti lero mutu wa "Satyricon" ndi mwana wa waluso wamkulu - Konstantin Raikin.
Makanema
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Arkady adasewera m'mafilimu ambiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pazenera lalikulu, adawoneka mu kanema "Platoon Woyamba" (1932), akusewera msirikali.
Pambuyo pake, Raikin ankaimba zilembo zazing'ono mafilimu monga Mathalakitala Madalaivala, Valery Chkalov ndi Zaka Moto.
Mu 1954, Arkady adapatsidwa udindo waukulu mu sewero lanthabwala "Takumana nanu kwinakwake," yomwe idalandiridwa bwino ndi omvera aku Soviet.
Zojambula "Dzulo, Lero ndi Nthawi Zonse" ndi "The Magic Power of Art" sizinatchulidwe chimodzimodzi.
Komabe, Raikin adalandira kutchuka kwambiri atatha kuwonetsa ziwonetsero za kanema "People and Mannequins" ndi "Peace to Your House". Mwa iwo adafotokoza zambiri zosangalatsa ndipo, monga nthawi zonse, ma monologue owopsa pamitu yovuta kwambiri.
Moyo waumwini
Ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo komanso yekhayo, Ruth Markovna Iebe, Raikin adakumana ali mwana. Komabe, iye analibe kulimba mtima kukumana ndi mtsikanayo.
Pambuyo pake, Arkady adakumananso ndi msungwana wokongola, koma kuti abwere kudzalankhula naye, ndiye zidawoneka ngati zosatheka kwa iye.
Ndipo patangopita zaka zochepa, pamene mnyamatayo anali atamaliza kale maphunziro awo ku koleji, adalimba mtima ndikukumana ndi Ruth. Zotsatira zake, achinyamata adavomera kupita m'makanema.
Ataonera kanema, Arkady adapempha mtsikanayo. Mu 1935, banjali linakwatirana. Muukwati uwu anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Konstantin, ndi mtsikana, Catherine.
Awiriwa adakhala limodzi kwa zaka pafupifupi 50. Banja lawo likhoza kutchedwa lachitsanzo.
Imfa
Pa moyo wake Raikin anali kudwala. Ali ndi zaka 13, adadwala chimfine choipa, ndikupeza zilonda zapakhosi.
Matendawa adakula mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti madotolo sanayembekezere kuti wachinyamatayo apulumuka. Komabe, mnyamatayo adatha kutuluka.
Patatha zaka 10, matenda anabwerera, chifukwa cha zomwe Arkady anali kuchotsa tonsils. Ndipo ngakhale opareshoniyo idachita bwino, adadwala matenda aminyewa moyo wonse.
Kwa zaka zitatu zapitazi, wojambulayo adadwala matenda a Parkinson, pomwe adachotsanso kuyankhula.
Arkady Isaakovich Raikin anamwalira pa Disembala 17 (malinga ndi zina 20 Disembala) 1987 chifukwa chakukula kwa matenda aminyewa.
Chithunzi ndi Arkady Raikin
