Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky - Wabizinesi waku Russia, wandale komanso wandale, wolemba nkhani. anali mnzake komanso wamkulu wa kampani yamafuta ya Yukos. Omangidwa ndi akuluakulu aku Russia pamlandu wowabera komanso kuzemba misonkho pa Okutobala 25, 2003. Pa nthawi yomwe amangidwa, anali m'modzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, chuma chake chinali pafupifupi madola 15 biliyoni.
Mu 2005, adapezedwa ndi khothi ku Russia kuti adachita zachinyengo komanso milandu ina. Kampani ya YUKOS yakhala ikuchitika bankirapuse. Mu 2010-2011 adaweruzidwa milandu yatsopano; potengera apilo omwe adatsata, nthawi yonse yomwe khothi lidakhazikitsa inali zaka 10 ndi miyezi 10.
Wambiri Mikhail Khodorkovsky muli mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa za moyo wake waumwini komanso makamaka pagulu.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Khodorkovsky.
Wambiri Mikhail Khodorkovsky
Mikhail Khodorkovsky adabadwa pa June 26, 1963 ku Moscow. Anakulira ndipo adaleredwa m'banja losavuta.
Abambo ake, Boris Moiseevich, ndi amayi ake, Marina Filippovna, adagwira ntchito ngati akatswiri opanga mankhwala pa fakitale ya Kalibr, yomwe imapanga zida zoyezera molondola.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Mpaka zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, Mikhail ankangokhala ndi makolo ake m'nyumba yodyera, pambuyo pake banja la Khodorkovsky linapeza nyumba zawo.
Kuyambira ali mwana, wazamalonda wamtsogolo amasiyana ndi chidwi komanso luso lotha kuganiza.
Mikhail makamaka ankakonda umagwirira, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri ankayesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. Powona chidwi cha mwana wamwamuna mu sayansi yeniyeni, abambo ndi amayi adaganiza zomutumiza ku sukulu yapadera yophunzira mozama za chemistry ndi masamu.
Atalandira satifiketi yake yasukulu, Khodorkovsky adakhala wophunzira ku Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. D. Mendeleev.
Ku yunivesite, Mikhail adalandira mamaki ambiri pamakalasi onse. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti panthawiyi ya mbiri yake, amayenera kupeza ndalama ngati kalipentala mu kampani yopanga nyumba kuti athe kupeza zofunika pamoyo.
Mu 1986, Khodorkovsky adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Institute, ndikukhala mainjiniya ovomerezeka.
Pasanapite nthawi, Mikhail ndi abwenzi ake adapeza Center for Scientific and technical Creativity of Youth. Chifukwa cha ntchitoyi, amatha kusanja likulu lalikulu.
Imodzi ndi izi, Khodorkovsky adaphunzira ku Institute of National Economy. Chimamanda Ndiko komwe anakumana ndi Alexei Golubovich, yemwe achibale ake anali ndi maudindo apamwamba ku State Bank ya USSR.
Banki "Menatep"
Ndiyamika ntchito yake yoyamba bizinesi ndi ankadziwa Golubovich, Khodorkovsky anatha kulowa msika waukulu.
Mu 1989, mnyamatayo adapanga banki yamalonda Menatep, ndikukhala wapampando wa komiti yake. Bankiyi inali imodzi mwa oyamba ku USSR kulandira chiphaso cha boma.
Patatha zaka zitatu, Mikhail Khodorkovsky adachita chidwi ndi bizinesi yamafuta. Kudzera mwa kuyesetsa kwa akuluakulu odziwika, adakhala Purezidenti wa Fund for Promotion of Investment ku Fuel and Energy Complex ndi ufulu wa Deputy Minister of Fuel and Energy.
Kuti agwire ntchito yaboma, wochita bizinesiyo adakakamizidwa kusiya udindo wa mutu wa banki, koma zowona, maboma onse aboma adatsalira m'manja mwake.
Menatep idayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabizinesi akuluakulu omwe amagwirira ntchito m'mafakitale, mafuta ndi chakudya.
YUKOS
Mu 1995, Khodorkovsky adachita zazikulu, kusinthanitsa magawo 10% a magawo a Menatep pa 45% a Yukos, oyenga mafuta aboma, woyamba malinga ndi malo osungira mafuta.
Pambuyo pake, wochita bizinesiyo adalandiranso zina za 35% zachitetezo, chifukwa chake adalamulira kale magawo 90% a Yukos.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti panthawiyo kampani yoyenga mafuta inali yovuta kwambiri. Zinatengera Khodorkovsky zaka 6 kuti atulutse Yukos pamavutowo.
Zotsatira zake, kampaniyo idakhala imodzi mwa atsogoleri apadziko lonse lapansi pamsika wamagetsi, wokhala ndi ndalama zopitilira $ 40 miliyoni. Mu 2001, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, pamodzi ndi anzawo akunja, adatsegula bungwe lachifundo la Openrussia Foundation.
Mlandu wa Yukos
M'dzinja la 2003, pabwalo la ndege ku Novosibirsk, bilionea Khodorkovsky adamangidwa ndi apolisi. Mndendeyi adamuimba mlandu wakuba ndalama zaboma komanso kuzemba misonkho.
Kusaka kunachitika mwachangu muofesi ya YUKOS, ndipo magawo onse amakampani ndi maakaunti adamangidwa.
Khothi ku Russia lidagamula kuti Khodorkovsky ndiye adayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu lachigawenga lomwe limachita nawo magawo osaloledwa m'makampani osiyanasiyana.
Zotsatira zake, Yukos sanathenso kutumiza mafuta ndipo posakhalitsa adadzipezanso ali pamavuto. Ndalama zonse zochokera kukampaniyo zidasamutsidwa kuti alipire ngongole kuboma.
Mu 2005, Mikhail Borisovich anaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 8.
Kumapeto kwa 2010, pamilandu yachiwiri, khotilo lidapeza Khodorkovsky ndi mnzake Lebedev ali ndi mlandu wakuba mafuta, ndikuwalamula kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 14 pamilandu yokwanira. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yakumangidwa idachepetsedwa.
Atsogoleri andale ambiri adathandizira Mikhail Khodorkovsky, kuphatikiza a Boris Akunin, Yuri Luzhkov, Boris Nemtsov, Lyudmila Alekseeva ndi ena ambiri. Adanenetsa kuti pankhani ya YUKOS lamuloli lidaphwanyidwa "mwankhanza komanso mwamwano" kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti oligarch idatetezedwanso ndi andale aku America. Adatuluka ndikudzudzula kwamalamulo aku Russia.
Pomwe anali m'ndende, Mikhail Khodorkovsky adanyanyala chakudya kanayi pochita zionetsero. Iyi inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri mu mbiri yake.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti m'ndendeyo adawazunza mobwerezabwereza ndi mabungwe azamalamulo komanso akaidi.
Nthawi ina, a Khodorkovsky adagwidwa ndi mpeni ndi womangidwa naye, Alexander Kuchma, yemwe adamuphwanya nkhope. Pambuyo pake, Kuchma akuvomereza kuti anthu osadziwika adamukakamiza kuchita izi, omwe adamukakamiza kuti amenyane ndi mafuta.
Mikhail akadali m'ndende, adayamba kulemba. Pakati pa 2000s, mabuku ake adasindikizidwa: "The Crisis of Liberalism", "Left Turn", "Introduction to the Future. Mtendere mu 2020 ”.
Popita nthawi, Khodorkovsky adasindikiza ntchito zingapo, pomwe otchuka kwambiri anali "Anthu Akundende". Mmenemo, wolemba adalankhula mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wamndende.
Mu Disembala 2013, Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adasaina chikhululukiro kwa a Mikhail Khodorkovsky.
Atakhala omasuka, oligarch adathawira ku Germany. Kumeneko, adalengeza poyera kuti sakufunanso kutenga nawo mbali ndale komanso kuchita bizinesi. Ananenanso kuti, kumbali yake, achita zotheka kumasula andende andale aku Russia.
Komabe, zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Khodorkovsky adalengeza cholinga chake chofuna kupikisana nawo pulezidenti kuti asinthe mkhalidwe waboma.
Moyo waumwini
Kwa zaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Khodorkovsky adakwatirana kawiri.
Ndi mkazi wake woyamba, Elena Dobrovolskaya, anakumana ali mwana. Posakhalitsa banjali linakhala ndi mwana wamwamuna, Pavel.
Malinga ndi Mikhail, ukwatiwu sunachite bwino. Komabe, banjali lidasiyana mwamtendere ndipo lero akupitilizabe kukhala bwino.
Kachiwiri Khodorkovsky anakwatira wantchito wa Bank Menatep - Inna Valentinovna. Achinyamata adakwatirana mu 1991, pachimake pa kugwa kwa USSR.
Mgwirizanowu, banjali linali ndi mtsikana Anastasia ndi mapasa awiri - Ilya ndi Gleb.
Malinga ndi amayi ake, Khodorkovsky sakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, magwero ambiri amasonyeza kuti anali kukhulupirira Mulungu pamene anali m’ndende.
Mikhail Khodorkovsky lero
Mu 2018, ntchito ya United Democrats idakhazikitsidwa kuti ipereke thandizo loyenera kwa omwe adzisankhe okha pazisankho zachigawo za 2019.
Ntchitoyi idathandizidwa ndi Khodorkovsky.
Mikhail Borisovich ndiwonso woyambitsa bungwe la Dossier, lomwe limafufuza za ziphuphu ndi utsogoleri waboma.
Khodorkovsky ali ndi njira yake ya YouTube, komanso maakaunti pamawebusayiti otchuka.
Polankhulana ndi omvera, Mikhail nthawi zambiri amatsutsa Vladimir Putin ndi zomwe boma likuchita. Malinga ndi iye, dzikolo silingakule bwino pomwe mphamvu zili m'manja mwa andale apano.
Chithunzi ndi Mikhail Khodorkovsky
