Omar Khayyam Nishapuri - wafilosofi waku Persia, masamu, wasayansi komanso wolemba ndakatulo. Khayyam adakulitsa chitukuko cha algebra pomanga gulu la ma cubic equation ndikuwathetsa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo a conic. Amadziwika kuti amapanga kalendala yolondola kwambiri yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.
Wambiri ya Omar Khayyam ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa zochokera mu sayansi, chipembedzo komanso moyo wake.
Chifukwa chake, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yayifupi ya Omar Khayyam.
Mbiri ya Omar Khayyam
Omar Khayyam adabadwa pa Meyi 18, 1048 mumzinda waku Iran wa Nishapur. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja lamatenti.
Kuphatikiza pa Omar, makolo ake anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Aisha.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Kuyambira ali mwana, Omar Khayyam adasiyanitsidwa ndi chidwi komanso ludzu la chidziwitso.
Ali ndi zaka 8, mnyamatayo adaphunzira kwambiri sayansi monga masamu, nzeru ndi zakuthambo. Panthawi imeneyi ya mbiriyo, adawerenga kwathunthu buku loyera la Asilamu - Korani.
Posakhalitsa, Omar adakhala m'modzi mwa anthu anzeru kwambiri mzindawo komanso mdzikolo. Anali ndi luso lotha kuyankhula bwino, komanso amadziwa malamulo ndi mfundo zachisilamu.
Omar Khayyam adatchuka ngati katswiri wa Korani, chifukwa chake adamupempha kuti awathandize kutanthauzira zina mwazopatulika.
Pamene wafilosofi anali ndi zaka 16, tsoka loyamba lalikulu lidachitika mu mbiri yake. Pakati pa mliriwu, makolo ake onse adamwalira.
Pambuyo pake, Khayyam aganiza zopita ku Samarkand, ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupitiliza maphunziro ake mu sayansi zosiyanasiyana. Amagulitsa nyumba ndi malo ogwirira ntchito a abambo ake, pambuyo pake amayamba.
Posakhalitsa Sultan Melik Shah 1 adalankhula za Omar Khayyam, yemwe m'bwalo lamilandu anzeru adayamba kuchita kafukufuku wake ndikulemba.
Zochita zasayansi
Omar Khayyam anali munthu wokwanira komanso m'modzi mwa asayansi aluso kwambiri m'nthawi yake. Anaphunzira masayansi osiyanasiyana komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Wopanda nzeru adatha kuwerengetsera zowerengera zakuthambo, pamaziko omwe adakwanitsa kupanga kalendala yolondola kwambiri padziko lapansi. Lero kalendala iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Iran.
Omar anali wokonda kwambiri masamu. Zotsatira zake, chidwi chake chidafalikira pakusanthula kwa malingaliro a Euclid, komanso kukhazikitsa njira yapadera yowerengera ma quadratic and cubic equations.
Khayyam adatsimikizira ma theorems, adachita zowerengera zakuya ndikupanga gulu la ma equation. Mabuku ake a algebra ndi geometry sanatayebe kufunikira kwawo pazasayansi.
Mabuku
Masiku ano, olemba mbiri ya Omar Khayyam sangadziwe kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa ntchito zasayansi ndi zolembalemba za cholembera cha Irani wanzeru.
Izi ndichifukwa choti kwazaka mazana ambiri atamwalira Omar, ndakatulo iyi idanenedwa ndi wolemba zambiri kuti apewe kulangidwa kwa omwe adalemba kale.
Zotsatira zake, zikhalidwe zaku Persia zidakhala ntchito ya Khayyam. Ndi chifukwa chake olemba ndakatulo amafunsidwa kawirikawiri.
Masiku ano akatswiri olemba mabuku adakwanitsa kutsimikizira kuti pazaka zambiri za mbiri yake, Omar Khayyam adalemba zolemba pafupifupi 300 mwandakatulo.
Lero dzina la wolemba ndakatulo wakale limalumikizidwa kwambiri ndimakalata ake akuya - "rubai". Amayimilira motsutsana ndi mbiri yonse ya nthawi yomwe Khayyam amakhala.
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kulemba rubai ndi kupezeka kwa wolemba "I" - munthu wosavuta yemwe sanachite chilichonse champhamvu, koma akuwunikira tanthauzo la moyo, zikhalidwe, anthu, zochita ndi zinthu zina.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti pamaso pa Khayyam, ntchito zonse zidangolembedwa za olamulira ndi ngwazi, osati za anthu wamba.
Omar anagwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta komanso zitsanzo zosonyeza kuti aliyense anali kuzimvetsa. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ntchito zake zonse zidadzazidwa ndi chikhalidwe chozama kwambiri chomwe wowerenga aliyense angagwire.
Pokhala ndi malingaliro a masamu, Khayyam amakhala osasunthika komanso omveka mu ndakatulo zake. Palibe chododometsa mwa iwo, koma m'malo mwake, mawu aliwonse amafotokoza malingaliro ndi lingaliro la wolemba momwe angathere.
Malingaliro a Omar Khayyam
Omar anali wokonda kwambiri zamulungu, nanena molimba mtima malingaliro ake omwe sanali achikhalidwe. Adatamanda kufunika kwa munthu wamba, limodzi ndi zikhumbo zake zachilengedwe ndi zosowa zake.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti Khayyam adalekanitsa chikhulupiriro mwa Mulungu ndi maziko achipembedzo. Adanenanso kuti Mulungu ali mumtima wa munthu aliyense, ndipo sadzamusiya.
Omar Khayyam adadedwa ndi azipembedzo ambiri achiSilamu. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuti wasayansi yemwe amadziwa Koran nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira zolemba zake momwe amamuonera kuti ndizolondola, osati momwe zimavomerezedwera pagulu.
Wolemba ndakatulo analemba zambiri za chikondi. Makamaka, amasilira mkaziyo, nkumangonena za iye mwa njira yabwino yokha.
Khayyam adalimbikitsa amuna kuti azikonda zogonana komanso azichita chilichonse chotheka kuti amusangalatse. Anati kwa mwamuna, mkazi wokondedwa ndiye mphotho yayikulu kwambiri.
Ntchito zambiri za Omar zidaperekedwa kwaubwenzi, womwe adawona ngati mphatso yochokera kwa Wamphamvuyonse. Wolemba ndakatuloyo adalimbikitsa anthu kuti asapereke anzawo anzawo ndikulemekeza kulumikizana kwawo.
Wolemba yekha adavomereza kuti angakonde kukhala yekha, "kuposa kukhala ndi aliyense."
Omar Khayyam molimba mtima adadzudzula chisalungamo chadziko lapansi ndikugogomezera khungu la anthu kuzinthu zofunika pamoyo. Anayesa kufotokozera munthu kuti chisangalalo sichidalira china chake kapena udindo wapamwamba pagulu.
M'malingaliro ake, Khayyam adazindikira kuti munthu amayenera kuyamikira mphindi iliyonse yomwe amakhala ndikukhala ndi mwayi wokhala munthawi yamavuto.
Moyo waumwini
Ngakhale Omar Khayyam adatamanda chikondi ndi amayi munjira iliyonse, iye sanakhalepo ndi chisangalalo chaukwati. Iye sakanakhoza kuyambitsa banja chifukwa iye nthawi zonse ankagwira ntchito poopsezedwa ndi chizunzo.
Mwina ndichifukwa chake womasulira ankakhala yekha moyo wake wonse.
Ukalamba ndi imfa
Ntchito zonse za Omar Khayyam zomwe zidakalipo mpaka pano ndi gawo limodzi chabe la kafukufuku wake wonse. Amatha kugawana malingaliro ake ndi zomwe akuwona ndi anthu pakamwa pokha.
Chowonadi ndichakuti nthawi yovuta imeneyo, sayansi idabweretsa ngozi m'mabungwe achipembedzo, pazifukwa zake adatsutsidwa ngakhale kuzunzidwa.
Kulingalira momasuka komanso kuchoka pamiyambo yokhazikitsidwa kumatha kupha munthu.
Omar Khayyam adakhala moyo wautali komanso wosangalala. Kwa zaka zambiri adagwira ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi wamkulu waboma. Komabe, ndi imfa yake, wafilosofi anazunzidwa chifukwa cha malingaliro ake.
Masiku omaliza a mbiri ya Khayyam adadutsa posowa. Close anthu anapatuka kwa iye, chifukwa cha chimene iye anakhala yekha.
Malinga ndi nthano, wasayansiyo adamwalira mwakachetechete, mwanzeru, ngati kuti anali pa nthawi yake, kuvomereza mwamphamvu zomwe zimachitika. Omar Khayyam adamwalira pa Disembala 4, 1131 ali ndi zaka 83.
Usiku woti aphedwa mawa lake, adachita kusamba, atapemphera kwa Mulungu adamwalira.
