Robert Ivanovich Rozhdestvensky (dzina lenileni Robert Stanislavovich Petkevich; 1932-1994) - Wolemba ndakatulo waku Soviet komanso waku Russia komanso womasulira, wolemba nyimbo. M'modzi mwa oimira owala kwambiri munthawi ya "makumi asanu ndi limodzi". Mphoto ya Lenin Komsomol Prize ndi USSR State Prize.
Pali zambiri zosangalatsa mu yonena za Robert Rozhdestvensky, zomwe tikambirana m'nkhani ino.
Kotero, apa pali mbiri yochepa ya Rozhdestvensky.
Mbiri ya Robert Rozhdestvensky
Robert Rozhdestvensky anabadwa pa June 20, 1932 m'mudzi wa Altai ku Kosikha. Iye anakulira m'banja losavuta lomwe silikugwirizana ndi ndakatulo. Bambo ake, Stanislav Petkevich, anali muutumiki wa NKVD. Amayi, Vera Fedorova, anatsogolera sukulu yakomweko ndikuphunzira ku yunivesite ya zamankhwala.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Wolemba ndakatulo wamtsogolo adalandira dzina lake polemekeza Soviet Union Robert Eikhe. Tsoka loyamba mu mbiri ya mnyamatayo lidachitika ali ndi zaka 5, pomwe abambo ake adaganiza zothetsa amayi ake.
Pamene Rozhdestvensky anali ndi zaka 9, Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) idayamba. Chotsatira chake, bambo anga anapita kutsogolo, kumene adalamula gulu lankhondo la sapper ndi udindo wa lieutenant.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti vesi lake loyamba - "Ndi mfuti bambo anga akupita kukayenda ..." (1941), mwana woperekedwa kwa kholo lake. Stanislav Petkevich adamwalira koyambirira kwa 1945 mdera la Latvia, osawona kupambana kwa Red Army pamphamvu za asitikali a Hitler.
Amayi a Robert, omwe panthawiyi anali atalandira kale maphunziro a udokotala, nawonso anaitanidwa kuti akhale msilikali. Zotsatira zake, mnyamatayo adaleredwa ndi agogo ake akuchikazi.
Mu 1943, agogo a ndakatuloyo anamwalira, kenako amayi a Robert analembetsa mwana wawo kumalo osungirako ana amasiye. Anatha kuzitola nkhondo itatha. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, mkaziyo adakwatiranso ndi msirikali wakutsogolo Ivan Rozhdestvensky.
Abambo opezawa adapatsa mwana wawo wamwamuna wopeza osati dzina lake lomaliza, komanso dzina lake. Atagonjetsa a Nazi, Robert ndi makolo ake adakhazikika ku Leningrad. Mu 1948 banja anasamukira ku Petrozavodsk. Ndi mu mzinda uwu anayamba yonena za Rozhdestvensky.
Ndakatulo ndi zaluso
Ndakatulo zoyambirira za mnyamatayo, zomwe zidakopa chidwi, zidasindikizidwa mu magazini ya Petrozavodsk "Pa Kutembenukira" mu 1950. Chaka chotsatira adachita bwino, kuyambira kuyesa kwachiwiri, kukhala wophunzira ku Literary Institute. M. Gorky.
Patatha zaka 5 akuphunzira ku yunivesite, Robert adasamukira ku Moscow, komwe adakumana ndi wolemba ndakatulo woyambira Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Pofika nthawiyo, Rozhdestvensky anali atasindikiza kale zolemba zake ziwiri - "Mayeso" ndi "Flags of Spring", komanso adakhala wolemba ndakatulo "Chikondi Changa".
Pa nthawi yomweyi, wolemba ankakonda masewera ndipo ngakhale analandira magawo woyamba volebo ndi mpira. Mu 1955, kwa nthawi yoyamba, nyimbo "Window Yanu" idachokera pamavesi a Robert.
M'zaka zotsatira za mbiri yake, Rozhdestvensky adzalemba nyimbo zambiri zomwe dziko lonse lidziwe ndikuimba: "Nyimbo ya Obwezera Osavuta", "Ndiyimbireni, Itanani", "Kwina Kutali Kwambiri" ndi ena ambiri. Zotsatira zake, adakhala m'modzi mwa olemba ndakatulo aluso ku USSR, komanso Akhmadulina, Voznesensky ndi Yevtushenko yemweyo.
Ntchito yoyamba ya Robert Ivanovich inali yodzaza ndi "malingaliro aku Soviet Union", koma pambuyo pake ndakatulo zake zidayamba kukhala zowonjezereka. Pali ntchito momwe chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pamalingaliro amunthu, kuphatikiza chofunikira kwambiri - chikondi.
Ndakatulo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri nthawi imeneyo zinali "Mkazi wokhala ndi mkazi mmodzi", "Chikondi chabwera" ndi "Khalani ofooka, chonde." M'chaka cha 1963, Rozhdestvensky adapita kumsonkhano pakati pa Nikita Khrushchev ndi nthumwi za anzeru. Mlembi Wamkulu adatsutsa vesi lake lotchedwa "Inde, anyamata."
Izi zinapangitsa kuti ntchito za Robert zisiye kufalitsidwa, ndipo wolemba ndakatulo yemweyo sanalandire mayitanidwe oti abwererenso. Pambuyo pake adayenera kuchoka ku likulu ndikukakhazikika ku Kyrgyzstan, komwe adapeza ndalama pomasulira zolemba za anthu achi Russia.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, maganizo kwa Rozhdestvensky anasintha. Mu 1966 anali woyamba kulandira Mphotho ya Golden Crown pa Phwando la ndakatulo ku Macedonia. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 70s adapatsidwa mphoto ya Moscow ndi Lenin Komsomol. Mu 1976 adasankhidwa kukhala mlembi wa USSR Writers 'Union, ndipo chaka chotsatira adakhala membala wa CPSU.
Pazaka zambiri za mbiriyi, Robert Rozhdestvensky adapitiliza kulemba nyimbo za nyimbo zomwe nyenyezi za pop zaku Russia zidachita. Iye adalemba mawu a nyimbo zingapo zodziwika bwino: "Mphindi", "Zaka Zanga", "Echoes of Love", "Chokopa Cha Dziko Lapansi", ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, Rozhdestvensky adakhala ndi pulogalamu ya TV "Documentary Screen", pomwe zidawonetsera. Mu 1979 adalandira Mphoto Yaboma ya USSR pantchito yake "masitepe 210".
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Robert Ivanovich anali mtsogoleri wa Commission ya cholowa cha Osip Mandelstam, akuchita zonse zotheka kukonzanso wolemba ndakatulo yemwe anazunzidwa. Iye analinso wapampando wa mabungwe pa cholowa zolembalemba a Marina Tsvetaeva ndi Vladimir Vysotsky.
Mu 1993 adali m'modzi mwa omwe adasaina "Makalata makumi anayi ndi awiri" otsutsana. Olemba ake adalamula kuti omwe angosankhidwa kumene aletse "mitundu yonse yamagulu achikominisi komanso mayiko", "magulu onse azankhondo osaloledwa", ndikupatsanso zilango zankhanza "pazofalitsa za fascism, chauvinism, kusankhana mitundu, pofuna ziwawa komanso nkhanza."
Moyo waumwini
Mkazi wa wolemba ndakatulo Rozhdestvensky anali wolemba mabuku komanso wojambula Alla Kireeva, yemwe adapereka ndakatulo zambiri. Muukwatiwu, banjali linali ndi ana awiri aakazi - Ekaterina ndi Xenia.
Imfa
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90, Rozhdestvensky anapezeka ndi chotupa muubongo. Anagwiridwa bwino ku France, chifukwa adatha kukhala zaka 4. Robert Rozhdestvensky adamwalira pa Ogasiti 19, 1994 ali ndi zaka 62. Chifukwa cha imfa ya wolemba anali matenda a mtima.
Zithunzi za Rozhdestvensky
