Musanayambe zokambirana zokhudzana ndi kumanga thupi monga kukula kwa minofu ya thupi la munthu, ndizosatheka kuchita popanda kumvetsetsa kwa lingaliro ili. Pafupifupi wothamanga aliyense amagwira ntchito pakukula kwa minofu yawo. Kusiyanitsa, monga osewera chess kapena akatswiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi ochepa kwambiri.
Ochita masewera ambiri amapanga minofu yawo kutengera cholinga chomwe awapangira. Inde, ntchitoyi imachitika m'njira yovuta, koma nthawi zonse pamakhala minofu yofunika kwambiri, ndi minofu yothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamasewera a nkhonya, koma kukankha kumabweretsabe kupambana pamasewerawa. Pali masewera angapo momwe kusunthika kobwerezabwereza kumakupatsani mwayi wosema mawonekedwe abwino osagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera. Izi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira, tenisi, ndi mitundu ina. Koma kawirikawiri, masewera othamanga kwambiri amadziwika ndi kakulidwe kabwino ka thupi ndikugogomezera minofu yomwe ndiyofunikira pamasewerawa.
Zokambiranazi ziziwunika kwambiri pakupanga zolimbitsa thupi ngati luso la zaluso, minofu ikamakula kuti ichitire chiwonetsero, kaya kwa iwo okha pakalilore, kapena kwa atsikana pagombe, kapena ku khothi lalikulu lampikisano wolimbitsa thupi. Zikuwonekeratu kuti izi ziphatikizanso zosankha monga "kudziponyera nokha" kapena "muyenera kutsuka mimba yanu."
Makhalidwe ake, akatswiri azomanga thupi komanso olemba mbiri samapanga kusiyana kotere. Amayamba kulankhula za Milo wa Croton, atanyamula ng'ombe yamphongo, ndi othamanga ena akale. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kumbuyo kwazithunzi, zowona ndizakuti Milon ndi ena oimira masewera akale amaganiza za kukongola kwa munthu womaliza, ngakhale Agiriki anali ndi chipembedzo chamasewera. Milon yemweyo, malinga ndi kuyerekezera, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 170, inali yolemera pafupifupi 130 kg. Cholinga cha othamanga omwe amachita nawo masewerawa chinali kupambana Masewera a Olimpiki. Kupambana kotere nthawi yomweyo sikunangobweretsa ulemu ndi chuma kwa munthu, komanso kumukweza iye mmalo mwa utsogoleri wolowezana. Pafupifupi mwambo womwewo udalipo mpaka zaka za m'ma 1960 ku United States. Kenako, kumulowetsa munthu asanalankhule pagulu, zidatchulidwadi kuti anali katswiri wa Olimpiki, wolandila mendulo pa Masewera a Olimpiki komanso ngakhale membala wa timu yaku Olimpiki yaku US, ngakhale atasewera. Ndi chikondwerero cha pulogalamu ya Olimpiki komanso kutuluka kwa zikwi zambiri za Olimpiki, mwambowu udasowa. Ku Greece wakale, Olimpiki amatha kusankhidwa kukhala wapamwamba kwambiri. Koma osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwa thupi, koma chifukwa cha mtima wankhondo, kuluntha ndi kulimba mtima, popanda izi simungapambane Olimpiki.
1. Mbiri yomanga thupi ingayambike ndi Königsberg, komwe mu 1867 mwana wofooka komanso wodwala wotchedwa Friedrich Müller adabadwa. Mwina anali ndi chitsulo, kapena anzawo anali nazo mopitirira muyeso, kapena zinthu zonse ziwiri zinagwira ntchito, koma kale ali wachinyamata Frederick adayamba kugwira ntchito yokhayokha ndikukwanitsa kuchita izi. Poyamba adakhala womenya wosagonjetseka pamasewera. Kenako, otsutsanawo atatha, adayamba kuwonetsa zidule zomwe sizinachitikepo. Adachita kukankhira 200 pansi pansi mumphindi 4, adafinya barbell yolemera makilogalamu 122 ndi dzanja limodzi, adanyamula nsanja ndi orchestra ya anthu 8 pachifuwa chake, ndi zina zotero. Mu 1894, Friedrich Müller, yemwe adachita pansi pa dzina labodza la Evgeny Sandov (amayi ake anali achi Russia), dzina lake Eugene Sandow anapita ku USA. Kumeneko sanangokhala ndi ziwonetsero zokha, komanso adalengeza zida zamasewera, zida ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi. Atabwerera ku Europe, Sandow adakhazikika ku England, komwe adakopa King George V. Mu 1901, ku London, motsogozedwa ndi mfumu, mpikisano wothamanga woyamba padziko lonse lapansi udachitika - chithunzi cha mipikisano yolimbitsa thupi. Woweruza wina anali wolemba wotchuka Arthur Conan Doyle. Sandow adalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa thupi m'maiko osiyanasiyana, atayenda padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha izi, komanso adapanga njira zolimbitsa thupi kwa asitikali aku Britain. Adafa "Tate Womanga Thupi" (monga adalembedwera pamwala wake kwakanthawi) mu 1925. Chiwerengero chake sichimafa mu chikho, chomwe chimalandiridwa chaka chilichonse ndi wopambana pa mpikisano wa "Mr. Olympia".
2. Ngakhale kutchuka kodabwitsa kwa amuna amphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za makumi awiri, chiphunzitso cha njira zowonjezera minofu chinali chitangoyamba kumene. Mwachitsanzo, Theodor Siebert amadziwika kuti ndiwosintha momwe amaphunzitsira. Kusintha kumeneku kumakhala ndi malingaliro omwe tsopano akudziwika kwa oyamba kumene: kuphunzitsanso pafupipafupi, kubwereza zolimbitsa thupi, kutulutsa katundu wambiri, zakudya zopatsa mafuta ambiri okhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, kupewa mowa ndi kusuta, zovala zotayirira zophunzitsira, zochepa zogonana. Pambuyo pake, Siebert adatengeredwa ku yoga komanso zamatsenga, zomwe sizimadziwika mwachangu, ndipo tsopano malingaliro ake amadziwika makamaka chifukwa chofotokozanso kwa olemba ena osatengera komwe adachokera.
3. Kuwonjezeka koyamba kutchuka kwakumanga thupi ku United States kudalumikizidwa ndi Charles Atlas. Mlendo waku Italiya uyu (dzina lenileni la Angelo Siciliano) adapanga masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa cha dongosolo lino, malinga ndi Atlas, adakhala wothamanga kuchokera pachikopa chowonda. Atlas inalengeza kachitidwe kake mochititsa manyazi komanso kosachita bwino mpaka itakumana ndi Charles Roman, yemwe anali mu bizinesi yotsatsa. Bukuli linatsogolera ntchitoyi mwamphamvu kotero kuti patapita kanthawi America yonse idamva za Atlas. Machitidwe a masewera olimbitsa thupi ake sanachite bwino, koma womanga thupi yemweyo adatha kupanga ndalama zambiri pazithunzi zamagazini ndi malonda otsatsa. Kuphatikiza apo, otsogolera ziboliboli adamuitanira mwachidwi kuti adzagwire ntchito ngati zitsanzo. Mwachitsanzo, Atlas idafunsa Alexander Calder ndi Hermon McNeill pomwe adapanga chipilala ku George Washington chomwe chidamangidwa ku Washington Square ku New York.
4. Mwinamwake "womanga thupi" wangwiro kuti akhale nyenyezi popanda kutsatsa otsatsa anali Clarence Ross. Oyera m'njira yakuti pamaso pake onse omanga thupi adabwera mwa mawonekedwewa kuchokera kuzolimbana zachikhalidwe kapena zanzeru zamphamvu. Amereka, komano, adayamba kuchita zolimbitsa thupi ndendende kuti akhale ndi minofu. Mwana wamasiye wobadwa mu 1923, adaleredwa m'mabanja olera. Ali ndi zaka 17, kutalika kwa 175 cm, adalemera makilogalamu ochepera 60. Ross adakanidwa pomwe adasankha kulowa nawo Gulu Lankhondo. Chaka chimodzi, mnyamatayo adatha kupeza mapaundi ofunikira ndikupita kukatumikira ku Las Vegas. Sanasiye kumanga. Mu 1945, adapambana mpikisano wa Mr. America, adakhala katswiri wamagazini ndipo adalandira ma contract angapo otsatsa. Izi zidamulola kuti atsegule bizinesi yake ndipo osadalira kupambana pamipikisano. Ngakhale adatha kupambana mipikisano ingapo.
5. Ochita masewera othamanga, mwachidziwikire, anali ofunikira m'mafilimu, ndipo amuna ambiri olimba mtima adasewera maudindo. Komabe, Steve Reeves amadziwika kuti ndiye nyenyezi yoyamba yamafilimu pakati pa omanga thupi. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itangotha, wazaka 20 wazomanga zomangamanga waku America, yemwe adamenya kale ku Philippines, adapambana masewera angapo. Atapambana dzina la "Mr. Olympia" mu 1950, Reeves adaganiza zovomereza izi kuchokera ku Hollywood. Komabe, ngakhale ndi deta yake, zinamutengera Reeves zaka 8 kuti agonjetse dziko la cinema, ndipo ngakhale adayenera kupita ku Italy. Kutchuka kunamupangitsa kukhala gawo la Hercules mu kanema "Zochita za Hercules" (1958). Chithunzi "Zochita za Hercules: Hercules ndi Mfumukazi Lydia", zomwe zidatulutsidwa chaka chotsatira, zidalimbikitsa kupambana. Pambuyo pawo, Reeves adatulutsa gawo lankhondo lakale kapena lanthano m'mafilimu aku Italiya. Ntchito yake yaku kanema idatenga kawiri kuposa momwe amamangirira. Mpaka pomwe mawonekedwe a Arnold Schwarzenegger awonekere, dzina loti "Reeves" mu kanema adatchedwa wachiwembu aliyense woponyedwa. Amadziwika kwambiri ku Soviet Union komanso - opitilira 36 miliyoni aku Soviet adawonera "The Feats of Hercules".
6. Masiku otsogola omanga thupi ku United States adayamba mchaka cha 1960. Kuchokera pagulu la bungwe, abale a Wider adathandizira kwambiri pantchitoyi. Joe ndi Ben Weider adakhazikitsa Bodybuilding Federation ndipo adayamba kuchita masewera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Mr. Olympia ndi Akazi a Olympia. A Joe Weider analinso mphunzitsi wapamwamba. Arnold Schwarzenegger, Larry Scott ndi Franco Colombo adaphunzira naye. Abale Akuluakulu adakhazikitsa nyumba yawoyawo yosindikiza, yomwe idasindikiza mabuku ndi magazini omanga zolimbitsa thupi. Olimbitsa thupi odziwika anali otchuka kwambiri kotero kuti samatha kuyenda m'misewu - nthawi yomweyo adazunguliridwa ndi gulu la mafani. Ochita masewerawa ankangokhala chete pagombe la California, komwe anthu amakonda nyenyezi.
7. Dzina la Joe Gold lidagunda m'ma 1960. Wothamanga uyu sanapambane maudindo aliwonse, koma wakhala moyo wa gulu lolimbitsa thupi ku California. Ufumu wa Golide udayamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, kenako Gym ya Golide idayamba kuwonekera pagombe lonse la Pacific. M'maholo agolide, pafupifupi nyenyezi zonse zolimbitsa thupi za nthawi imeneyo zinali zogwirizana. Kuphatikiza apo, maholo a Gold anali odziwika ndi mitundu yonse ya anthu otchuka aku California omwe amayang'ana mosamala ziwerengero zawo.
8. Akuti kumakhala mdima wandiweyani usadafike. Mukumanga thupi kunapezeka kuti kunali kosiyana - posakhalitsa posachedwa kunagwa mdima weniweni. Kale kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, anabolic steroids ndi zinthu zina zokoma komanso zathanzi zinafika pomanga thupi. Kwazaka makumi awiri zikubwerazi, kumanga thupi kwakhala kufanizira mapiri owopsa a minofu. Panalibe mafilimu pazithunzi zomwe Steve Reeves adachita, yemwe amawoneka ngati wamba, munthu wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wamkulu (voliyumu ya biceps - osasangalala masentimita 45), ndipo omanga ma bodybuild adakambirana kale za kuthekera kokulitsa biceps girth ndi sentimita imodzi ndi theka pamwezi ndikuwonjezera minofu 10 kg. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti anabolic steroids anali atsopano. Adayesanso nawo kale m'ma 1940. Komabe, munali m'ma 1970 pomwe mankhwala otsika mtengo komanso othandiza kwambiri adayamba. Anabolic steroids akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi padziko lonse lapansi. Koma pomanga thupi, anabolic steroids atsimikizira kuti ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri. Ngati kuwonjezeka kwa minofu kudzera pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuli ndi malire, ndiye kuti ma anabolics amakankhira malirewo kupitirira pomwepo. Komwe chiwindi chimakana, ndipo magazi amatakata kwambiri kotero kuti mtima sukanatha kukankhira mumaziwiya. Matenda ambiri ndi imfa sizinayimitse aliyense - pambuyo pake, Schwarzenegger mwiniwake adatenga ma steroids, ndikumuwona! Anabolics pamasewera adaletsedwa mwachangu, ndipo zidatenga zaka zopitilira 20 kuti awathe. Ndipo kumanga thupi si masewera nkomwe - mpaka ataphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa mankhwala oletsedwa, ndipo m'malo ena mu Criminal Code, anabolics adatengedwa poyera. Ndipo mipikisano yolimbitsa thupi idakhala yosangalatsa kwa gulu lochepa chabe la anthu omwe adya mapiritsi.
9. Pamlingo woyenera, ndi njira yoyenera yophunzitsira ndi zakudya, kumanga thupi ndikopindulitsa kwambiri. Pakati pa maphunziro, mtima wamtima umaphunzitsidwa, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kozolowereka (kuphunzitsa kumawononga cholesterol), njira zamagetsi zimachepetsanso zaka zapakati, ndiye kuti ukalamba wa thupi umachedwetsa. Kumanga thupi ndikopindulitsa ngakhale pamaganizidwe amisala - ngakhale, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kumatha kuthana ndi kukhumudwa. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizanso pamafundo ndi mafupa.
10. Ku Soviet Union, kumanga thupi kwakhala kukuwoneka ngati chikhumbo. Nthawi ndi nthawi, mipikisano yokongoletsa thupi inkachitika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Mpikisano woyamba woterewu unachitikira ku Moscow kumbuyo mu 1948. Georgy Tenno, wogwira ntchito ku Central Scientific Research Institute of Physical Education (adawerengedwa m'buku la A. Solzhenitsyn "The Gulag Archipelago" dzina lake - adatsutsidwa ndiukazitape ndipo adakhala nthawi ndi wolandila mphotho ya Nobel mtsogolo) adapanga ndikufalitsa mapulogalamu a maphunziro, zakudya, ndi zina zambiri. Mu 1968, Tenno adalumikiza ntchito yake mu buku la Athleticism. Mpaka kugwa kwa Iron Curtain, idakhalabe buku lokhalo lolankhula Chirasha kwa omanga thupi. Amalumikizidwa m'magawo angapo, nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito m'maholo amasewera a Palace of Culture kapena nyumba zachifumu zamakampani ogulitsa mafakitale. Amakhulupirira kuti kuzunzidwa kwa omanga thupi kunayamba koyambirira kwa ma 1970. Mwakuchita izi, kuzunzidwa kumeneku kunaphika mpaka kuti nthawi yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndalama zantchito ndi mitengo yophunzitsira zidaperekedwa kuzinthu zoyambirira zomwe zimabweretsa mendulo za Olimpiki. Kwa dongosolo la Soviet, ndizomveka - zokonda zoyamba zadziko, kenako zamunthu.
11. M'masewera olimbitsa thupi, mipikisano, monga nkhonya, imachitika molingana ndi mabungwe angapo apadziko lonse nthawi imodzi. Odalirika kwambiri ndi International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness (IFBB), yokhazikitsidwa ndi abale a Wider. Komabe, mabungwe ena osachepera anayi amaphatikizaponso othamanga ambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mpikisano wawo, kutanthauzira akatswiri. Ndipo ngati ankhonya nthawi zina amapititsa zomwe amati. ndewu za mgwirizano, pomwe malamba ampikisano amaseweredwa kamodzi molingana ndi mitundu ingapo, ndiye mukumanga thupi kulibe machitidwe otere. Palinso mabungwe 5 apadziko lonse lapansi, omwe amaphatikizapo ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi "oyera", osagwiritsa ntchito anabolic steroids ndi mitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Dzinalo la mabungwewa nthawi zonse limakhala ndi mawu oti "Zachilengedwe" - "zachilengedwe".
12. Kulowa m'gulu la akatswiri olimbitsa thupi, pomwe ndalama zochuluka zikuzungulira, sikophweka ngakhale kwa omanga thupi apamwamba. Mipikisano ingapo yoyenererana ndi mayiko ndi mayiko ikuyenera kupambana. Ndipokhapo pomwe munthu anganene kuti komiti yapadera ipereka Pro Card kwa wothamanga - chikalata chomwe chimamulola kutenga nawo mbali pamipikisano yayikulu. Poganizira kuti kumanga thupi ndimakhalidwe oyenera (kupambana kumadalira ngati oweruza amakonda wothamanga kapena ayi), zitha kunenedweratu kuti obwera kumene sakuyembekezeka pakati pa akatswiri.
13. Mpikisano wolimbitsa thupi umachitika m'magulu angapo. Kwa amuna, uku ndikumangirira thupi (mapiri a minofu munkhokwe zakuda zosambira) ndi akatswiri azamisili - mapiri a minofu yocheperako zazifupi zazifupi. Amayi ali ndi magulu ambiri: azimayi olimbitsa thupi, olimba thupi, olimba thupi komanso zovala zolimbitsa thupi. Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro, omwe akuchita nawo mpikisano agawika m'magulu olemera. Payokha, mpikisano umachitikira atsikana, atsikana, anyamata ndi anyamata, palinso maphunziro osiyanasiyana pano. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi masewera 2,500 amachitika chaka chilichonse motsogozedwa ndi IFBB.
14. Mpikisano wotchuka kwambiri kwa omanga thupi ndi mpikisano wa Mr. Olympia. Mpikisanowu wakhala ukuchitika kuyambira 1965. Nthawi zambiri omwe amapambana amapambana masewera angapo motsatizana, kupambana kosakwatiwa sikupezeka kawirikawiri. Mwachitsanzo, Arnold Schwarzenegger adapambana dzina la Mr. Olympia kasanu ndi kawiri pakati pa 1970 ndi 1980. Koma sakhala wolemba mbiri - aku America Lee Haney ndi Ronnie Coleman apambana mpikisano kasanu ndi kamodzi. Schwarzenegger amakhala ndi mbiri ya wopambana kwambiri komanso wamtali kwambiri.
15. Wosunga mbiri ya biceps kukula ndi Greg Valentino, yemwe biceps girth anali masentimita 71. Zowona, ambiri samazindikira Valentino ngati wosunga mbiri, popeza adakulitsa minofu ndi jakisoni wa synthol, chinthu chopangidwa makamaka kuti chiwonjezere kuchuluka kwa minofu. Synthol adayambitsa kupatsa mphamvu ku Valentino, komwe kumayenera kuthandizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ma biceps "achilengedwe" akulu kwambiri - 64.7 cm - ali ndi a Mustafa Ishmael aku Egypt. Eric Frankhauser ndi Ben Pakulski amagawana nawo mutu wa omanga thupi ndi minofu yayikulu kwambiri ya ng'ombe. Kutalika kwa minofu yawo ya ng'ombe ndi masentimita 56. Amakhulupirira kuti chifuwa cha Arnold Schwarzenegger ndi chofanana kwambiri, koma manambala Arnie ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wolemba mbiri Greg Kovacs - 145 cm motsutsana ndi 187.Kovacs adadutsa ochita mpikisano m'chiuno - 89 cm - komabe, pachizindikiro ichi, a Victor Richard adadutsa. M'chiuno mwake mchiuno mwamphamvu mwamunthu wakuda (wolemera makilogalamu 150 kutalika kwa 176 cm) ndi 93 cm.
