Mpaka posachedwa, malingaliro awiri okhudza polar adadziwika pofotokoza mbiri ndi moyo wa Asilavo akale. Malingana ndi woyamba, wophunzirira kwambiri, kuwala kwa Chikhristu kusanafike m'maiko aku Russia, anthu achikunja amtchire amakhala m'mapiri achilengedwe komanso m'nkhalango zamtchire. Iwo, ndithudi, analima chinachake, anafesa ndi kumanga chinachake, koma motalikirana ndi chitukuko china cha dziko lapansi, chomwe chinali chitapita patsogolo kwambiri. Kukhazikitsidwa kwachikhristu kudafulumizitsa chitukuko cha Asilavo, koma zomwe zatsalapo sizingagonjetsedwe. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusiya kufunafuna njira yanokha. Tiyenera kukhazikitsa, kubwereza njira zamayiko otukuka.
Mfundo yachiwiri idawonekera, makamaka, ngati yankho loyambirira, lomwe limatsutsa kwambiri (ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito liwu loti "kusankhana mitundu"). Malinga ndi omwe amalimbikitsa chiphunzitsochi, Asilavo adapanga chilankhulo choyambirira chomwe enawo adachokera. Asilavo adagonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi, monga zikuwonekera ndi mizu ya Asilavo yamaina amalo m'makona onse adziko lapansi, ndi zina zambiri.
Chowonadi, chosiyana ndi zonena zodziwika, sichimakhala pakati. Asilavo amakula mofananamo ndi anthu ena, koma motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso malo. Mwachitsanzo, uta waku Russia ndiwonyadira kwa ofufuza ambiri. Yopangidwa ndi magawo angapo, ndi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yolondola kuposa uta waku England wodziwika ndi Robin Hood ndi Nkhondo ya Crécy. Komabe, ku England komwe kunali mitengo nthawi yomweyo, uta, woponya ma 250 mita, umangofunika pamipikisano. Ndipo ku steppe gawo la Russia, pamafunika uta wautali. Ngakhale chinyengo chofanana ndi mauta osiyanasiyana sichimakamba za kuthekera kwa anthu kukhala, koma za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo. Amakhudza kwambiri moyo ndi zikhulupiriro za anthu osiyanasiyana.
Chenjezo lofunikira: "Asilavo" ndichofala kwambiri. Asayansi agwirizanitsa anthu ambiri pansi pa dzina ili, pomwe akuvomereza mosapita m'mbali kuti chilankhulo choyambirira ndi chomwe chitha kukhala chofala pakati pa anthu awa, ndipo ngakhale apo osasamala. Kunena zowona, anthu aku Russia adadziwa kuti iwo, ma Bulgaria, ma Czech, ndi Asilavo, pokhapokha ndikukula kwa zilankhulo ndi kukula kwa malingaliro andale a anthu m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi 19. Chifukwa chake, sizomveka kunena zazofala pakati pa anthu onse achi Slavic. Zomwe zapezeka mgululi zikukhudza Asilavo omwe amakhala mdera la Belarus wamakono, Ukraine ndi gawo la Europe ku Russia. Malinga ndi gulu la akatswiri azilankhulo, awa ndi Asilavo Akummawa.
1. Asilavo akale anali ndi dongosolo logwirizana kwambiri, pofotokoza, ngakhale pamlingo wachikale kwambiri, kapangidwe ka chilengedwe chonse. Dziko lapansi, malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zawo, lili ngati dzira. Dziko lapansi ndi yolk ya dzira ili, lozunguliridwa ndi zipolopolo-miyamba. Pali zipolopolo zakumwamba zotero 9. Dzuwa, Mwezi-Mwezi, mitambo, mitambo, mphepo ndi zochitika zina zakuthambo zimakhala ndi zipolopolo zapadera. Mu chipolopolo chachisanu ndi chiwiri, malire am'munsi amakhala olimba nthawi zonse - chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi madzi. Nthawi zina chipolopolocho chimatseguka kapena kuthyola - ndiye kumagwa mvula yamphamvu yosiyanasiyana. Kwina kutali, kutali, Mtengo Wadziko lonse ukukula. Nthambi zake, zitsanzo za zamoyo zonse zapadziko lapansi zimakula, kuyambira kuzomera zazing'ono mpaka nyama zazikulu. Mbalame zosamuka zimapita kumeneko, mu korona wa mtengo, nthawi yophukira. Mwinanso, pali Chilumba kumwamba komwe kumakhala zomera ndi nyama. Ngati thambo likufuna, adzatsitsa nyama ndi zomera kwa anthu. Ngati anthu azichitira zoipa chilengedwe, akonzekere njala.
2. Adilesi "Mayi Earth" imachokeranso pazikhulupiriro za Asilavo akale, momwe Kumwamba kunali kholo ndipo Dziko lapansi linali mayi. Dzina la abambo anali Svarog kapena Stribog. Ndi amene adapatsa moto ndi chitsulo kwa anthu omwe adakhalapo mu Stone Age kale. Dzikolo limatchedwa Mokosh kapena Mokosh. Zimadziwika kuti anali m'gulu la milungu ya Asilavo - fanolo linali m'kachisi wa Kiev. Koma zomwe Makosh adatetezedwa ndizovuta. Kwa okonda amakono kufalitsa mayina akale, kutengera zikhalidwe zaku Russia, zonse ndizosavuta: "Ma-", zachidziwikire, "Amayi", "-kosh" ndi chikwama, "Makosh" ndi mayi wosunga chuma chonse. Akatswiri achi Slavic, ali ndi matanthauzidwe awoawo.
3. Swastika yotchuka ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha Dzuwa. Unali wofalikira padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Asilavo. Poyamba, unali mtanda - pansi pamlengalenga, mtanda ukhoza kuwonedwa pa Dzuwa komanso pafupi nawo. Kenako zizindikilo zochepa zinayamba kuikidwa pamtanda ngati chizindikiro cha Dzuwa. Mtanda wakuda pamtunda wowala ndi chizindikiro cha "zoipa," dzuwa lausiku. Kuwala pamdima ndikosiyana. Kupereka mawonekedwe azizindikiro, zopingasa zidawonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa mtanda. Zangopita zaka zambiri kuti zomwe zidafotokozedwazo zidatayika, ndipo tsopano sizikudziwika ngati kusinthana kolowera komwe kunapangitsa swastika kukhala chizindikiro chabwino. Komabe, pambuyo pazochitika zodziwika bwino zapakatikati pa zaka za makumi awiri, swastika ili ndi tanthauzo limodzi lokha.
4. Ntchito ziwiri zothandiza, monga wosula ndi mmisiri wazitsulo, zinali ndi mayeso osiyana kotheratu ndi zikhulupiriro za Asilavo. Osula amisiri adalandira maluso awo pafupifupi kuchokera ku Svarog, ndipo luso lawo limawoneka kuti ndi loyenera. Chifukwa chake, chithunzi cha Blacksmith m'nthano zambiri nthawi zonse chimakhala cholimba, champhamvu komanso chokoma mtima. Wogaya ntchitoyo, akugwira ntchito yomweyo poyesa kupanga zinthu zoyambirira, nthawi zonse amawoneka wadyera komanso wochenjera. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti osula malasha ankayatsa moto womwe udayimira Dzuwa, pomwe opanga zida amapindula ndi zotsutsana ndi Dzuwa - Madzi kapena Mphepo. Mwinanso, osulawo akadakhala ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamadzi kukweza nyundo, nthano zikadakhala zosiyana.
5. Ntchito yobereka ndi kubereka mwana idazunguliridwa ndi miyambo yambiri. Mimba poyamba imayenera kubisika, kotero kuti amatsenga kapena mfiti sanalowe m'malo mwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi wawo. Pomwe zinali zosatheka kubisa mimba, mayi woyembekezera adayamba kuwonetsa mitundu yonse ndikumuchotsa pantchito yovuta kwambiri. Pafupi ndi kubala, mayi woyembekezera adayamba kudzipatula pang'onopang'ono. Amakhulupirira kuti kubadwa kwa mwana ndi imfa yomweyo, koma ndi chizindikiro chosiyana, ndipo sikuyenera kukopa chidwi cha dziko lina kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, adaberekera m'bafa yosambira - kutali ndi nyumba yogona, pamalo oyera. Zachidziwikire, kunalibe akatswiri othandizira azachipatala. Paudindo wa mzamba - mayi yemwe adamangirira, "adapotoza" chingwe cha mwana ndi ulusi, adatenga m'modzi mwa abale omwe adabereka kale ana angapo.
6. Ana obadwa kumene anali atavala malaya opangidwa ndi zovala za makolo awo, pomwe mwana wamwamuna anali kulandira malaya kuchokera kwa bambo ake ndi mwana wamkazi kuchokera kwa mayiyo. Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wobadwa nawo, zovala zoyambilira zidalinso zothandiza. Kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa makanda kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake sanathamangire kukapereka zovala zoyera pazovala za makanda. Ana adalandira zovala zogwirizana ndi kugonana paunyamata, mwambo wotsatira anyamata utatha.
7. Asilavo, monga anthu onse akale, anali osamala kwambiri mayina awo. Dzinalo lomwe limaperekedwa kwa munthu pobadwa nthawi zambiri limadziwika ndi abale ake komanso omwe amadziwana nawo. Mayina ena ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito, omwe pambuyo pake adasinthidwa mayina. Amakonda mayina awo osakhala ndi mbiri yoyipa, kuti mizimu yoyipa isamamatire munthu. Chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa zilembo zoyambirira "Osati" ndi "Popanda (ma) -" mu Russia. Amamutcha munthu "Nekrasov", ndiye ndi woipa, mungatenge chiyani kuchokera kwa iye? Ndipo kuchokera ku "Beschastnykh"? Pakati penipeni pa kusamala uku pamakhala mizu ya malamulo amakhalidwe abwino, malinga ndi momwe anthu awiri ayenera kudziwitsidwa ndi wina. Anthu omwe amadziwikawo, monga momwe zimakhalira, amatsimikizira mayina enieni, osati maina a anthu omwe adakumana nawo.
8. Paukwati wachisilavo, mkwatibwi anali wamkulu pakati. Ndi iye amene anakwatiwa, ndiko kuti, anasiya banja lake. Kwa mkwati, ukwatiwo unali chabe chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa maudindo. Mkwatibwi, kumbali inayo, akakwatiwa, akuwoneka kuti amafera mtundu wake ndikubadwanso kwina. Mwambo wodziwika ndi dzina la mwamunayo umabwerera molingana ndi malingaliro a Asilavo.
9. Nthawi zambiri zigaza za akavalo zimapezeka pofukula m'midzi yakale. Chifukwa chake adapereka nsembe kwa milunguyo, ndikuyamba ntchito yomanga nyumba yatsopano. Nthano zonena za kupereka kwaumunthu zilibe chitsimikiziro chotere. Ndipo chigaza cha kavalo chinali, mwachidziwikire, chinali chizindikiro - palibe aliyense, ngakhale atayamba kumanga nyumba yayikulu, akadapita kuzinthu zoterezi. Pansi pa korona woyamba wa nyumbayo, chigaza cha kavalo yemwe anali atagwa kale kapena kuphedwa adayikidwa m'manda.
10. Nyumba za Asilavo zimasiyana, choyambirira, kutengera chilengedwe. Kum'mwera, nyumbayo nthawi zambiri inkakumba pansi mpaka mita imodzi. Izi zidapulumutsa zida zomangira ndikudula mitengo ya nkhuni zothira moto M'madera ena akumpoto, nyumba zimayikidwa kotero kuti pansi pake pazikhala pansi, komanso zabwinopo, kotero kuti zapamwamba zimatetezedwa ku chinyezi chochuluka. Nyumba zamatabwa, zazikuluzikulu, zidamangidwa kale m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu. Tekinoloje ya zomangamanga zotereyi inali yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo kotero kuti idakhalapo kwa mileniamu yonse. Munali m'zaka za zana la 16 zokha pomwe nyumba zidadzazidwa ndi matabwa.
11. Macheka sankagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba, ngakhale chida ichi chinali chodziwika kale m'zaka za zana la 9. Sizokhudza kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa makolo athu. Mtengo wokumbidwa ndi nkhwangwa umalimbana kwambiri ndi kuwola - nkhwangwa imakulitsa ulusi. Ulusi wa matabwa odulidwa ndi shaggy, chifukwa chake nkhungu imanyowa ndipo imavunda mwachangu. Ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 19, omanga ankapereka chindapusa m'mabungwe opanga matabwa ngati samagwiritsa ntchito macheka. Kontrakitala amafunika nyumba kuti agulitse, kulimba kwake sikusangalatsidwa.
12. Panali zikwangwani, zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri kotero kuti njira zina zidatenga masiku angapo. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba yatsopano idasamutsidwa mkati mwa sabata. Poyamba, mphaka amaloledwa kulowa mnyumba yatsopano - amakhulupirira kuti amphaka amawona mizimu yoyipa. Kenako amalola kuti nyama zizilowa m'nyumba yofunika kwambiri pachuma. Kokha kavalo atagona mnyumbamo, anthu, kuyambira wamkulu, adalowamo. Mutu wa banja, kulowa m'nyumba, amayenera kunyamula mkate kapena mtanda. Wosamalira alendo waphika phala mnyumba yakale, koma osakonzeka - amayenera kuphikidwa m'malo atsopano.
13. Kuyambira kale m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi, Asilavo adatenthetsa nyumba zawo ndikuphika chakudya pachitofu. Zitofu izi "zimasuta", "zakuda" - utsiwo umapita molunjika mchipindacho. Chifukwa chake, kwanthawi yayitali nyumbazo zidalibe kudenga - malo omwe anali pansi pa denga adapangira utsi, denga ndi pamwamba pamakomawo kuchokera mkati anali akuda ndi mwaye ndi mwaye. Kunalibe mbale kapena mbale za chitofu. Pazitsulo ndi ziwaya, dzenje linkangotsalira pakhoma lakumwambalo. Utsiwo sunali woipa kwenikweni kuti utsiwo unalowa m'malo okhala. Mitengo yosuta sinkaola ndipo sinatenge chinyezi - mpweya womwe unali mnyumba ya nkhuku nthawi zonse unkakhala wouma. Kuphatikiza apo, mwaye ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amaletsa kufalikira kwa chimfine.
14. "Chipinda chapamwamba" - gawo labwino kwambiri lanyumba yayikulu. Anamutchingira kuchipinda ndi chitofu chopanda khoma, chotenthetsa bwino. Ndiye kuti, chipinda chinali chotentha ndipo kunalibe utsi. Ndipo dzina la chipinda choterocho, momwe alendo okondedwa kwambiri adalandiridwa, adalandira kuchokera ku mawu oti "kumtunda" - "kumtunda", chifukwa chokhala pamwamba kwambiri kuposa kanyumbako. Nthawi zina ankalowera kuchipinda chapamwamba.
15. Manda poyamba sanatchedwe manda. Maderawo, makamaka kumpoto kwa Russia, anali ang'onoang'ono - nyumba zochepa. Panali malo okwanira okhalamo okhazikika. Pomwe chitukuko chimapita patsogolo, ena mwa iwo, makamaka omwe amakhala m'malo opindulitsa, adakulanso. Limodzi, panali ndondomeko katundu ndi stratification akatswiri. Inns adawonekera, oyang'anira adabadwa. Pamene mphamvu za akalonga zidakula, zidakhala zofunikira kutolera misonkho ndikuwongolera njirayi. Kalonga anasankha madera angapo momwe munali zochepera kapena zochepa zovomerezeka kuti akhale ndi gulu lake, ndikuwasankha ngati mabwalo ampingo - malo omwe mungakhale. Malipiro osiyanasiyana amabweretsedwa kumeneko. Kamodzi pachaka, nthawi zambiri m'nyengo yozizira, kalonga amayenda m'mabwalo ampingo wake, ndikumapita naye. Chifukwa chake bwalo la tchalitchili ndi mtundu wofananira ndi misonkho. Mawuwa adapeza tanthauzo lamaliro kale ku Middle Ages.
16. Lingaliro la Russia ngati dziko la mizinda, "Gardarike", lachokera ku mbiri yaku Western Europe. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mizindayi, makamaka, "matauni" - midzi yomwe ili ndi mipanda yolimba kapena khoma, sikunena mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa anthu kapena kuchuluka kwakukula kwa gawolo. Madera a Asilavo anali ochepa ndipo anali otalikirana. Pakukwanira konse kwamafamu apanthawiyo, kusinthana kwa zinthu kunali kofunikira. Malo osinthirawa adakula pang'onopang'ono, monga anganene tsopano, ndi zomangamanga: kugulitsa, nkhokwe, malo osungira. Ndipo ngati anthu okhala mdera laling'ono, pangozi, alowa m'nkhalango, natenga zinthu zosavuta, ndiye kuti zomwe zili mtawuniyi ziyenera kutetezedwa. Chifukwa chake adamanga ma palisade, nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga magulu ankhondo ndikulemba ntchito asitikali omwe amakhala ku Detinets - gawo lolimba kwambiri mtawuniyi. Mizinda idakula kuchokera m'matawuni ambiri, koma yambiri yaziririka.
17. Malo owaka matabwa oyamba omwe adapezeka ku Novgorod adamangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 10. Akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale sanapeze zinthu zilizonse zoyambirira mumzinda. Amadziwika kuti patadutsa pafupifupi zaka 100 za malo owonetsera a Novgorod adayang'aniridwa ndi anthu apadera omwe amachita izi. Ndipo m'zaka za zana la 13, charter yonse idayamba kugwira ntchito ku Novgorod, yomwe imafotokoza ntchito za anthu amtauni, kulipira kosamalira malo owumbako, ndi zina zotero. M'malo ena, zofukula zidapeza magawo 30 amiyala, yolumikizidwa pamwamba pa wina ndi mnzake - pomwe miyala yakale idayamba kuda, yatsopano inali chabe pa iye. Chifukwa chake nkhani zakumatope kosatha zaku Russia ndizokokomeza kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, oimira anthu omwe mwamphamvu adamanga mizinda yawo ndi nyumba zopangidwa ndi timitengo ndi matope, zotchedwa nyumba zamitengo theka, ali achangu makamaka pakukokomeza.
18. Mliri weniweni wa gawo lachikazi la Asilavo silinali apongozi opusa, koma ulusi. Anatsagana ndi mkaziyo kuyambira kubadwa kwake mpaka kumanda. Chingwe cha msungwana wakhanda anali womangidwa ndi ulusi wapadera, ndipo chingwe cha umbilical chimadulidwa pa chopota. Atsikana adayamba kuphunzira kupota osakwanitsa zaka, koma atakula. Ulusi woyamba opangidwa ndi spinner wachinyamata adapulumutsidwa ukwati usanachitike - udawonedwa ngati chithumwa chamtengo wapatali. Pali, komabe, umboni kuti m'mafuko ena ulusi woyamba udawotchedwa kwambiri, ndipo phulusa lidalimbikitsidwa ndi madzi ndikupatsidwa kwa mtsikanayo wachinyamata kuti amwe. Ntchito zokolola zinali zochepa kwambiri. Akatha kukolola, azimayi onse ankapanga nsalu kwa maola osachepera 12 patsiku. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale m'mabanja akuluakulu panalibe zochepa. Chabwino, ngati mtsikana wazaka zokwatiwa atha kusoka tokha zathu, izi nthawi yomweyo zimatsimikizira kuti wolandila wokwatiwa wakwatiwa. Kupatula apo, sikuti amangoluka kokha, komanso kudula, kusoka, komanso kukongoletsa ndi nsalu. Inde, banja lonse linamuthandiza, osati popanda iye. Koma ngakhale atathandizidwa, atsikana azanyengo anali vuto - anali othinana kwambiri nthawi yokonzekera ma dowidi awiri.
19. Mwambi wakuti “Amakumana ndi zovala zawo…” sukutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kudzionetsera ndi mawonekedwe ake. Mu zovala za Asilavo panali zinthu zambiri zosonyeza kuti ndi amtundu wina (ichi chinali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri), ulemu, ntchito kapena ntchito ya munthu. Chifukwa chake, mavalidwe amwamuna kapena wamkazi sayenera kukhala olemera kapena owoneka bwino kwambiri. Iyenera kufanana ndi mkhalidwe weniweni wa munthuyo. Pophwanya lamuloli, ndipo amatha kulangidwa. Zolemba za kuuma kotereku zidapitilira kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, tsopano ndi zapamwamba kuswa mikondo yovala yunifolomu ya kusukulu (mwa njira, pankhaniyi, sikugwira ntchito - m'makoma a sukulu zikuwonekeratu kuti mwana akuyenda kubwera kwa inu ndi wophunzira).Koma ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri, ophunzira aku sekondale komanso atsikana aku sekondale amayenera kuvala mayunifolomu ndi madiresi kulikonse, kupatula makoma anyumba. Omwe adazindikiridwa ndi zovala zina adalangidwa - simukugwirizana ndi zovala, chonde, kuzizira ...
20. Ngakhale asanafike ma Varangi ndi Epiphany, Asilavo anali kuchita nawo malonda akunja. Ndalama zoyambira m'zaka zoyambirira za nthawi yatsopano zimapezeka kulikonse m'gawo lawo. Ntchito zopita ku Constantinople zidachitika ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa njira zabwino zogulitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, Asilavo anali kuchita nawo katundu wazinthu zomwe zinali zovuta panthawiyo. Zikopa zomalizidwa, nsalu, komanso chitsulo adagulitsa ku Northern Europe. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amalonda a Asilavo ankanyamula katundu pa zombo zawo, koma zomangamanga kwa nthawi yayitali zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri, omwe ali pano pa rocket ndi mafakitale.
