Kugulitsa kwa Alaska - mgwirizano pakati pa maboma a Ufumu wa Russia ndi United States, chifukwa chake mu 1867 Russia idagulitsa katundu wake ku North America (komwe kuli madera 1,518,800 km800) $ 7.2 miliyoni.
Anthu ambiri ku Russia amakhulupirira kuti Alaska sanagulitsidwe kwenikweni, koma adachita lendi kwa zaka 99. Komabe, mtunduwu sunagwirizane ndi zowona zilizonse zodalirika, chifukwa mgwirizanowu sukupereka mwayi wobwerera kumagawo ndi katundu.
Mbiri
Kwa Dziko Lakale, Alaska idapezeka ndiulendo waku Russia motsogozedwa ndi Mikhail Gvozdev ndi Ivan Fedorov mu 1732. Zotsatira zake, gawo ili linali m'manja mwa Ufumu wa Russia.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti poyamba boma silinachite nawo chitukuko cha Alaska. Komabe, pambuyo pake, mu 1799, komiti yapadera idapangidwa ndicholinga ichi - Russian-American Company (RAC). Panthawi yogulitsa, ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amakhala m'dera lalikululi.
Malinga ndi RAC, pafupifupi anthu 2,500 aku Russia komanso pafupifupi Amwenye 60,000 ndi ma Eskimo amakhala pano. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, Alaska adabweretsa phindu ku chuma kudzera mu malonda aubweya, koma pofika pakati pa zaka zana zinthu zidasintha.
Izi zimalumikizidwa ndi mitengo yayikulu yoteteza ndikusamalira madera akutali. Ndiye kuti, boma linagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri poteteza ndi kusunga Alaska, m'malo mopezapo phindu pazachuma. Kazembe-General wa Kum'mawa kwa Siberia Nikolai Muravyov-Amursky anali woyamba mwa akuluakulu aku Russia omwe, mu 1853, adadzipereka kugulitsa Alaska.
Mwamunayo adalongosola malingaliro ake poti kugulitsa malowa sikungapeweke pazifukwa zingapo. Kuphatikiza pazofunika zazikulu pakusamalira dera lino, adasamala kwambiri zaukali komanso chidwi ku Alaska kuchokera ku UK.
Potsatira mawu ake, Muraviev-Amursky adapanga mkangano wina wotsimikizira kugulitsa Alaska. Anatinso, popanda chifukwa, kuti njanji zomwe zikukula mofulumira zidzalola United States kuti ifalikire ku America konse posachedwa, chifukwa chake Russia itha kungotaya izi.
Kuphatikiza apo, pazaka izi, ubale pakati pa Ufumu wa Russia ndi Britain udasokonekera kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina udani wapoyera. Chitsanzo cha izi chinali nkhondo yapakati pa Nkhondo ya Crimea.
Kenako zombo za ku United Kingdom zidayesera kuti zifike ku Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Chifukwa chake, kuthekera kwakukangana mwachindunji ndi Great Britain ku America kudakhala zenizeni.
Zogulitsa zogulitsa
Mwalamulo, mwayi wogulitsa Alaska udachokera kwa nthumwi yaku Russia kupita ku America, Baron Eduard Stekl, koma woyambitsa kugula / kugulitsa anali Prince Konstantin Nikolaevich, mchimwene wake wa Alexander II.
Nkhaniyi idakambidwa mu 1857, koma kulingalira za mgwirizanowu kudayenera kuyimitsidwa pazifukwa zingapo, kuphatikiza chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yaku America.
Kumapeto kwa 1866, Alexander II adayitanitsa msonkhano womwe panali akuluakulu apamwamba. Pambuyo pa zokambirana zabwino, omwe anali pamsonkhanowo adagwirizana zogulitsa Alaska. Adatsimikiza kuti Alaska itha kupita ku United States pamtengo wosachepera $ 5 miliyoni wagolide.
Pambuyo pake, msonkhano wamabizinesi aku America ndi Russia udachitika, pomwe mfundo zakugula ndi kugulitsa zidakambidwa. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pa Marichi 18, 1867, Purezidenti Andrew Johnson adavomereza kupeza Alaska kuchokera ku Russia $ 7.2 miliyoni.
Kusayina kwa mgwirizano wogulitsa Alaska
Mgwirizano wogulitsa Alaska udasainidwa pa Marichi 30, 1867 likulu la United States. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mgwirizanowu udasainidwa mu Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa, zomwe panthawiyo zimawerengedwa kuti "zamalamulo".
Mofananamo, Alexander 2 adasaina chikalatacho pa Meyi 3 (15) chaka chomwecho. Malinga ndi mgwirizano, chilumba cha Alaska ndi zilumba zingapo zomwe zili mkati mwa madzi zidatengedwa kupita ku America. Dera lonse lamtunda linali pafupifupi 1,519,000 km².
Chifukwa chake, ngati mutapanga zowerengera zosavuta, zimapezeka kuti 1 km² idawononga America $ 4.73 yokha. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuphatikiza pa izi, United States idalandira malo onse ogulitsa nyumba, komanso zikalata zaboma komanso mbiri yakale yokhudzana ndi malo omwe agulitsidwa.
Chodabwitsa, nthawi yomwe Alaska adagulitsidwa, Khothi Lachigawo lokhala ndi zipinda zitatu lokhala mumzinda wa New York lidawononga boma la boma kuposa boma la US - Alaska yonse.
Lachisanu pa 6 (18) Okutobala 1867, Alaska idakhala gawo la United States of America. Patsiku lomwelo, kalendala ya Gregory yomwe ikugwira ntchito ku United States idayambitsidwa pano.
Zotsatira zachuma pamalonda
Kwa USA
Akatswiri angapo aku America amakhulupirira kuti kugula Alaska kudapitilira ndalama zake zokonzanso. Komabe, akatswiri ena ali ndi malingaliro osiyana kwambiri.
M'malingaliro awo, kugula kwa Alaska kudathandiza kwambiri United States. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, pofika 1915, mgodi umodzi wokha wagolide ku Alaska udadzazitsa chuma chawo ndi $ 200 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, matumbo ake ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, kuphatikiza siliva, mkuwa ndi malasha, komanso nkhalango zazikulu.
Kwa Russia
Ndalama zogulitsa ku Alaska zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kugula zida zapanjanji zakunja.
Zithunzi za omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakugulitsa Alaska
