Mwina palibe mbalame yolemekezeka komanso yotchuka kuposa chiwombankhanga pakati pa anthu. Ndikovuta kuti tilemekeze cholengedwa champhamvu chomwe chitha kuwuluka kwa maola ambiri pamapiri osafikirika, kuwongolera zomwe zili m'malo mwake kapena kufunafuna nyama.
Chiwombankhanga sichidalira zolengedwa zina, zomwe makolo athu adaziwona kalekale. Oimira ena azinyama, pomwe nyama yolusa yamapiko imawoneka kumwamba, nthawi yomweyo amayesetsa kubisala pamalo osayandikira - mphamvu ya chiwombankhanga ndiyoti imatha kukoka nyama, yomwe kulemera kwake kuli kokulirapo kuposa kwake.
Komabe, kulemekeza munthu ndichinthu chosayamika, ndipo kumathera pomwe pomwe munthu amapeza ndalama zochepa. Ngakhale panali ziwombankhanga zambiri, zimasakidwa mwachangu munjira zonse zotheka - chiwombankhanga chodzaza chinali chodzikongoletsera chaofesi iliyonse yolemekezeka, ndipo sizinyama zonse zomwe zimatha kudzitama ndi chiwombankhanga chamoyo - samadziwa kuti angawadyetse bwanji, choncho ziwombankhanga zimayenera kusinthidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachilengedwe ... Kenako phindu linasiya kuwerengedwa moyesa makumi a madola - kusintha kwa mafakitale kunayamba. Orlov anali atazunguliridwa ndi kuchotseredwa, njanji, ndi magetsi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ulemu wakunja kwa mafumu a mbalame udasungidwa, chifukwa ulemuwo tidapatsidwa ndi akulu akale ...
Ndi mzaka makumi angapo zapitazi pomwe kuyesayesa kuteteza kuchuluka kwa ziwombankhanga (kuyambira pachilango cha imfa chifukwa chopha chiwombankhanga ku Philippines mpaka kumangidwa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ku United States) kwayamba kukhazikika ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbalame zolemekezekazi. Mwinanso, mzaka zingapo zapitazi, anthu omwe siogwirizana ndi ornithology amatha kuwona zomwe ziwombankhanga zimachita mwachilengedwe, osayenda makilomita chikwi kumadera akutali.
1. Gulu la ziwombankhanga mpaka posachedwapa linali ndi mitundu yoposa 60 ya mbalamezi. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 21, kafukufuku wamolekyulu wa DNA ya ziwombankhanga adachitika ku Germany, zomwe zidawonetsa kuti gulu limafunikira kukonzedwa mozama. Chifukwa chake, lero ziombankhanga zimaphatikizidwa pamitundu 16.
2. Kuchedwa kwa chiwombankhanga chomwe chikuuluka chimawonekera. M'malo mwake, ziwombankhanga zikamauluka, zimayenda liwiro la pafupifupi 200 km / h. Ndipo mbalamezi zimawoneka ngati zocheperako chifukwa chokwera kwambiri - ziwombankhanga zimatha kukwera mpaka 9 km. Nthawi yomweyo, amawona bwino zonse zomwe zimachitika pansi ndipo amatha kuyang'ana masomphenya awo pazinthu ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Chikope chowonekera chowonjezera chimateteza maso a ziwombankhanga ku mphepo yamphamvu ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Pothawira nyama, chiwombankhanga chimatha kuthamanga 350 km / h.
3. Izi, ndizachidziwikire, zimamveka zoseketsa, koma chiwombankhanga chagolide chimadziwika kuti ndi chiwombankhanga chachikulu kwambiri. M'malo mwake, palibe kutsutsana pano. Dzinalo "chiwombankhanga chagolide" lidawonekera zaka masauzande zapitazo, ndipo mbalame yayikuluyi yodziwikiratu imatchedwa ndi mawu ofanana m'maiko osiyanasiyana, kuyambira Kazakhstan ndi Central Asia mpaka Wales. Chifukwa chake, Karl Linnaeus atatha kufotokoza za chiwombankhanga chagolide pakati pa zaka za zana la 18, ndipo kunapezeka kuti mbalameyi ndi ziwombankhanga ndi za banja lomwelo la Akula, dzina lachiwombankhanga chachikulu linali litakhazikika kale mwa anthu osiyanasiyana.
4. Moyo wa ziwombankhanga za golide ndiwokhazikika komanso wodalirika. Mpaka pafupifupi zaka 3-4, achinyamata amayenda maulendo ataliatali, nthawi zina amayenda makilomita mazana ambiri. Popeza "adayenda", ziwombankhanga za golide zimakhazikika, zimakhala kudera laling'ono. Pakati pa gulu limodzi, palibe omwe angapikisane nawo, kuphatikiza ziwombankhanga zina zagolide, omwe angachite bwino. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa amuna - ngati amuna amalemera makilogalamu 5, azimayi amatha kukula mpaka 7 kg. Izi, komabe, ndizofanana ndi mitundu yambiri ya ziwombankhanga. Mapiko a ziwombankhanga zagolide amapitilira 2 mita. Masomphenya abwino, zikhasu zamphamvu ndi milomo zimalola ziwombankhanga zagolide kuti zizisaka nyama zazikulu, nthawi zambiri kuposa kulemera kwa nyamayo. Ziwombankhanga zagolide zimalimbana mosavuta ndi mimbulu, ankhandwe, agwape ndi mbalame zazikulu.
5. Ngakhale kukula kwa ziwombankhanga kumawonekera muufumu wa mbalame, mphungu ya Kaffir yokha, yomwe imakhala ku Middle East ndi Africa, imagwera mu mbalame zazikulu khumi, ndipo ngakhale pamenepo theka lokha. Malo oyamba anali okhala ndi ziwombankhanga, ziwombankhanga ndi ziwombankhanga zagolide, zomwe zimawerengedwa padera ndi ziwombankhanga.
Kaffir mphungu
6. Nkhanza zosankha mwachilengedwe zimawonetsedwa ndi mitundu ina ya ziwombankhanga zotchedwa ziwombankhanga zotchinga. Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mawanga nthawi zambiri chimayikira mazira awiri, pomwe anapiye samaswa nthawi imodzi - yachiwiri nthawi zambiri imachotsedwa dzira patatha milungu 9 kuposa yoyamba. Amakhala ngati khoka lachitetezo ngati m'bale wawo wamwalira. Chifukwa chake, woyamba kubadwa, ngati zonse zili bwino, amangopha wam'ng'ono kwambiri ndikumuponyera pachisa.
7. Mbalame yomwe ili pachisindikizo cha US State imawoneka ngati chiwombankhanga, koma kwenikweni ndi yofanana ndi ziwombankhanga (zonse ndi za banja la nkhamba). Komanso, iwo anasankha chiombankhanga mwadala - panthawi yomwe ufulu wa mayiko a ku America adalengezedwa, mphunguyo inali yotchuka kwambiri mu zizindikiro za mayiko ena. Nawa olemba atolankhani ndipo asankha kukhala oyamba. Ndizovuta kusiyanitsa chiwombankhanga ndi chiwombankhanga m'maonekedwe. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi njira yodyera. Ziwombankhanga zimakonda nsomba, chifukwa chake zimakhala pamiyala ndi m'mphepete mwa matupi amadzi.
8. Malo okumbirako ziwombankhanga sanatchulidwe konse chifukwa chakukonda zomwe zili m'manda. Mbalamezi zimapezeka kumapiri kapena m'chipululu, komwe kukwera kwachilengedwe koyenera kuwonera nyama zomwe zingawonongeke ndizolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, anthu akhala akuwona ziwombankhanga zitakhala pamiyala yamanda kapena m'manda a adobe. Komabe, mbalamezi zisanaphunzire za mbalamezi, zinkangotchedwa ziombankhanga. Palibe dzina lokondera lomwe linapangidwa kuti lizisiyanitsa mitundu ya zamoyo. Tsopano akuti mbalameyi itchulidwanso dzina lachifumu kapena chiwombankhanga. Ngakhale asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina loti "manda" limawonetsa machitidwe amtunduwu - mbalame zikuwoneka kuti zikwirira abale awo omwe adafa m'nthaka.
Chiwombankhanga chimayang'ana pansi kuchokera kutalika
9. Pafupifupi mayiko onse akumwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, mphungu yomwe imadya mazira imapezeka. Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu (kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 80, mapiko mpaka 1.5 m), chiwombankhanga chimakonda kudyetsa osati masewera, koma mazira a mbalame zina. Kuphatikiza apo, kudya kwa omwe amadya mazira kumamulola kuti asawononge nthawi pazinthu zazing'ono, koma kukoka zisa kwathunthu, pamodzi ndi mazira komanso anapiye omwe aswedwa kale.
10. Mphungu ya pygmy ndiyotsika poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya ziwombankhanga, koma, komabe, ndi mbalame yayikulu kwambiri - kutalika kwa thupi la mbalame yamtunduwu pafupifupi theka la mita, ndipo mapiko ake amapitilira mita. Mosiyana ndi ziwombankhanga zambiri, ziwombankhanga zimasamukira kwina, ndikusunthira nyengo yozizira kumadera otentha.
11. Ziwombankhanga zimamanga zisa zazikulu kwambiri. Ngakhale mumitundu yaying'ono, kukula kwake kwa chisa kumapitilira mita imodzi, mwa anthu akulu, chisa chimatha kukhala 2.5 mita m'mimba mwake. Kuphatikiza apo, "Nest ya Chiwombankhanga" ndi chakudya cha mawere a nkhuku, tomato ndi mbatata komanso nyumba yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Bavarian Alps kwa Eva Braun molamulidwa ndi Adolf Hitler. Ndipo "Njira ya Zisa za Chiwombankhanga" ndi njira yotchuka yokaona alendo ku Poland. Nyumba ndi mapanga zimagwira zisa za mphungu zomwe zikusowa.
Chisa cha chiombankhanga chimatha kukhala chosangalatsa kukula kwake
12. Pafupifupi miyambo yonse yakale ndi zipembedzo zakale, chiwombankhanga chimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha dzuwa, kapena chizindikiro chopembedza wounikira. Kupatulapo ndi Aroma akale, omwe, ngakhale ndi chiwombankhanga, onse adatseka Jupiter ndi mphezi. Chifukwa chake, zamatsenga zambiri zidabadwa - chiwombankhanga chouluka kumtunda chimaneneratu za mwayi komanso chitetezo cha milungu. Ndipo mukuyenerabe kuti muwone chiwombankhanga chouluka kwambiri ...
13. Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mitu iwiri chidakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zaku Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15 nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Grand Duke Ivan III (iye, monga wolamulira wotsatira waku Russia mwa nambala, amatchedwanso "Wowopsa"). Grand Duke anali wokwatiwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa mfumu ya Byzantine Sophia Palaeologus, ndipo chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mitu iwiri chinali chizindikiro cha Byzantium. Chowonadi, Ivan III amayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kutsimikizira ma boyars kuti alandire chizindikiro chatsopanocho - kukana kwawo kusintha kulikonse kupitilira kwa zaka 200, mpaka Peter I atayamba kudula mitu ndi ndevu. Ngakhale zili choncho, chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi mitu iwiri chakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zaku Russia. Mu 1882, chithunzi cha chiwombankhanga chamutu -wiri chokhala ndi zowonjezera zambiri chidakhala chovala chovomerezeka cha Ufumu waku Russia. Kuyambira 1993, chithunzi cha chiwombankhanga pamunda wofiira chakhala chovala chovomerezeka cha Russian Federation.
Odula a Ufumu waku Russia (1882)
Coat of mikono ya Russian Federation (1993)
14. Chiwombankhanga chimakhala chapakati pazovala zamayiko 26 odziyimira pawokha komanso zigawo zingapo (kuphatikiza zigawo 5 za Russia) ndi madera omwe amadalira. Ndipo chikhalidwe chogwiritsa ntchito fano la chiwombankhanga mu heraldry chimayambira nthawi ya ufumu wa Ahiti (II mileniamu BC).
15. Ziwombankhanga zina, mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, zimatha kuswana muukapolo. Akatswiri ochokera ku Zoo ya ku Moscow akuti ziwombankhanga zomwe zimasungidwa kumalo osungira zinyama sizingathe kubudula mazira chifukwa chongopikisana ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama zomwe zimasungidwa mu khola lomwelo. Pamene ziwombankhanga zokha zidatsalira mu aviary, zimayamba kuswana. Makamaka, pa Meyi 20, 2018, mwana wankhuku anabadwira kumalo osungira nyama, omwe amatchedwa "Igor Akinfeev" madzulo a World Cup. Ndizovuta kunena ngati wopanga zigoli ku timu yadziko la Russia amadziwa za ulemuwu, koma adachitadi ngati chiwombankhanga chopanda mantha pakupambana kwa timuyi pa World Cup.
16. M'mapolisi achi Dutch munali gulu lina lankhondo ndi ziwombankhanga, kuwonjezera pa zinthu zapolisi wamba. Apolisi achi Dutch amafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mbalame kumenyera ma drones. Amaganiziridwa kuti kwa ziwombankhanga, ma drones amayenera kukhala mbalame zomwe sizinachitikepo, kuwononga mopanda mantha malo awo okhala ndikuwonongeka. Zimangotsalira kuphunzitsa mbalame kuti ziukire ma drones kuti asadzipweteke pa zoyendetsa. Pambuyo pa chaka chonse cha maphunziro, ziwonetsero komanso makanema, zidatsimikizika kuti ziwombankhanga sizingapangidwe kuti zigwire ntchito yomwe zidapangidwira.
Chilichonse chimawoneka bwino pazowonetsedwa za ziwombankhanga.
17. Liwu loti "Mphungu" limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyerekeza ndi toponymy. Ku Russia, dera lachigawo limatchedwa Orel. Malinga ndi nthano yovomerezeka, amithenga a Ivan the Terrible, omwe adafika kuti apeze mzindawu, poyamba adadula mtengo wamtengo waukulu wazaka zana, kusokoneza chisa cha mphungu chomwe chimalamulira madera ozungulira. Mwiniwake adauluka, ndikusiya dzina lamzindawu. Kuphatikiza pa mzindawu, midzi, malo okwerera njanji, midzi ndi minda amatchulidwa ndi mbalame yachifumu. Mawuwa amathanso kupezeka pamapu aku Ukraine, Kazakhstan ndi Belarus. Mtundu wachingerezi wa dzina loti "Mphungu" ndi mayina ake amomwe amachokera ndiwotchuka, makamaka ku United States. Zombo zankhondo ndi magalimoto ena nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Mphungu".
18. Chiwombankhanga ndi gawo lofunikira mu nthano ya Prometheus. Hephaestus, atalamulidwa ndi Zeus, atamumangirira Prometheus pamwala ngati chilango cha moto wobedwa, anali chiwombankhanga chapadera chomwe, (malinga ndi nthano zina) zaka 30,000, tsiku lililonse amatulutsa chiwindi kuchokera ku Prometheus. Osati tsatanetsatane wotchuka wa nthano ya Prometheus ndi chilango cha anthu omwe adatenga moto woyamba - chifukwa Zeus uyu adawapatsa mkazi woyamba, Pandora, yemwe adamasula mantha, chisoni ndi kuzunzika padziko lapansi.
19. Pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lapansi, ziwombankhanga zili pafupi kutha. Koma ngati mitundu yambiri ya nyama ndi mbalame imasowa ndikutayika pankhope ya dziko lapansi chifukwa champhamvu ya munthu, ndiye kuti mzaka zingapo zapitazi anthu adakhudza kuwonongeka kwa ziwombankhanga. Monga chilombo chilichonse chachikulu, chiwombankhanga chimafunikira gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuti chipulumuke. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, misewu, kapena zingwe zamagetsi zimachepetsa kapena kuchepetsa malo oyenera mphungu. Chifukwa chake, popanda njira zazikulu zotetezera madera ngati awa, zoletsa zonse pakusaka ndi njira zofananazi sizikupita pachabe. Pang'ono pang'ono, kusintha kwa nyengo kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kosayerekezeka kwa mitundu yonse ya zamoyo.
20. Chiwombankhanga ndiye pamwamba pa piramidi yazakudya kapena cholumikizira chomaliza muunyolo wa chakudya. Amatha kudya - ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito, ngati kuli kofunikira - zonse, koma iyeyo si chakudya cha aliyense. M'zaka zanjala, ziwombankhanga zimadyanso chakudya chomera, palinso mitundu ya nyama zomwe nthawi zina zimakhala zazikulu. Komabe, palibe amene adadziwapo kuti ziwombankhanga zimadya nyama yakufa kapena nyama yakufa yomwe ili ndi zisonyezo zochepa zakufa.
