A Gypsies ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, wopanda ma statehood awo. Anthu akuda khungu lakuda ankazunzidwa pafupifupi nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse. Adathamangitsidwa kwawo ku India, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo Aromani sanapeze malo okhala. A gypsy okha amaseka kuti uku si kuthamangitsidwa ndi kuzunzidwa, ndi Mulungu amene adapatsa dziko lonse lapansi kukhazikika.
Zinthu zambiri zoyipa zimanenedwa za ma gypsy, ndipo zambiri za izi ndizowona. Ma Gypsies - kwakukulukulu - samakonda kugwira ntchito yopindulitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri samapeza ndalama m'njira zolungama kwambiri. Ndizosatheka kudzudzula anthu onse mosadziwika bwino, monga sizingatheke kunena mosabisa kuti ndi mtundu wadziko kapena wabweretsedwapo ndi kukakamizidwa kwakunja. Zowonadi, kwazaka mazana ambiri ma gypsy amakhoza kupeza ndalama pokhapokha ndi ntchito zomwe anthu wamba amadana nazo. Mbali inayi, ku USSR, komwe ma Gypsies amapatsidwa ntchito, ndipo zinali zotheka kupita kundende chifukwa chokhala moyo wosamukasamuka, ena mwa ma Gypsies adapitilizabe kukhala m'misasa yosamukasamuka komanso kuba.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti ma Gypsies ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yovuta kwambiri komanso omwe ali ndi zovuta kwambiri. Kukhala mosasamala, komanso malo ankhanza, amatha kusunga miyambo yawo ndikukhala moyo, osafanana ndi chilengedwe.
1. Malinga ndi lingaliro la sayansi, anthu amodzi "Agypsy" kulibe - amtunduwu ndiwosiyana kwambiri. Komabe, Aromani omwewo komanso iwo owazungulira amavutika kuti agwirizanitse Aromani kukhala gulu limodzi - ma Sinti, Manush, Kale ndi ena onsewa anali osiyana m'njira.
Poganizira kuti palibe zolembedwa zomwe zili zomveka, asayansi akuyesera kudziwa komwe Aromani adachokera, makamaka pazilankhulo. Mikhail Zadornov adapereka chitsanzo cha momwe zingathekere kumanganso mbiriyakale ya anthu ochokera kuzilankhulo. Malinga ndi "kafukufuku" wake, anthu onse padziko lapansi adachokera ku Russia, omwe adabalalitsa ("Kumwaza") padziko lonse lapansi nthawi ya Ice Age. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi Aromani, kafukufukuyu amadziwika kuti ndiwofunika. Malinga ndi mtundu wovomerezeka, ma Gypsy pasanathe zaka za m'ma 3 BC. e. anasamuka ku India, lomwe linali dziko lawo, kumadzulo, kukafika ku Persia ndi ku Egypt.
3. Gypsies amakhala paliponse. Chiwerengero chawo chimasiyanasiyana kutengera dziko, koma sizingatheke kupeza dziko lomwe Aromani sangakhaleko konse. Aromani ambiri amakhala ku United States, Brazil, Spain, Bulgaria ndi Argentina. Russia, yokhala ndi Aromani 220,000, ili pachisanu ndi chimodzi pamndandandawu. Pali magulu achiroma ku Canada, Serbia, Slovakia ndi Bosnia ndi Herzegovina.
4. Ngakhale kuti anthu achi Gypsy amachokera ku India, palibe Agypsies achikhalidwe m'dziko lino - onse nthawi imodzi adasamukira ku Persia. Koma pali anthu achi Gypsy ku India - ena mwa ma Gypsy adasamukira ku Persia. A Gypsies ku India ndiwokhazikika komanso olemekezedwa - Amwenye amalemekeza anthu omwe khungu lawo limapepuka pang'ono kuposa lawo. Ndipo palinso ma gypsy abodza ku India. A Britain omwe adakhazikitsa India sanayese kwenikweni kudziwa kuti awa ndi Amwenye ati kapena ayi. Powona opemphapempha kapena anthu akhungu lakuda mumsewu, kuti achite nawo ntchito zamtundu wina, aku Britain adafanizira ndi Motherland (gypsy imamutchulanso Conan Doyle mu "Ribbon Yokongola") - ma gypsies! Chifukwa chake mawu achiyuda adayamba kutanthauza oimira ena amitundu yaku India akuyendayenda.
5. Zonama zokhudza Aromani zimatanthauziridwa mosiyanasiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Ndizodziwika bwino kuti ku Russia ndi USSR nyimbo zaku Gypsy komanso kukonda kwawo kuvina adayamikiridwa. Maganizo okhudzana ndi Aromani anali olakwika, koma amakhulupirira kuti "ngakhale amayimba ndi kuvina bwino". M'mayiko aku Europe, gypsy ya oimba nyimbo idawoneka ngati mkhalidwe woyipa - omanga, nawonso amavina ndikuimba.
6. Wokhala ku UK wokhala ndi dzina loti Smith ndizotheka kukhala ndi mizu yaku Britain. Akuluakulu aku Britain atayamba kuyesa kuti azolowere Aromani kukhala moyo wotukuka, adayamba kutchula dzina loti Smith. M'Chingerezi "smith" ndi wosula. Pomwe pali wosula, pali mahatchi, pomwe pali mahatchi, pali ma gypsies. Ndipo Smith ndi amodzi mwa mayina odziwika kwambiri ku England, pitani koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 19, muzindikire onse a Smith. Ngakhale boma likuyesetsa kuchita izi, ma gypsies osamukasamuka ku UK akukhalabe mpaka pano, adangosintha mahatchi awo kukhala nyumba zoyenda.
7. Liwiro lomwe Aromani anafalikira ku Europe ndichodabwitsa. Umboni woyamba wa iwo ndi wa 1348, pomwe Aromani adakhazikika komwe tsopano ndi Serbia. Ndipo pakati pa zaka zikubwerazi, misasa yama gypsy idadziwika bwino za mzinda wa Barcelona ndi zilumba za Britain.
8. Poyamba, azungu anali ochezeka kwa Aromani. Anawawonetsa zikalata, zomwe akuti zimaperekedwa ndi akuluakulu andale, malinga ndi momwe Aromani amaloledwa kupemphapempha ndikuyendayenda. Aromani osaphunzira anauzidwa kuti anapatsidwa chilolezo, kuwaletsa kuti azikhala m'nyumba zokhazikika. Nthawi yakulapa inkawerengedwa zaka. Komabe, ma gypsy adadziwika kuti ndi akuba aluso, ndipo nthawi yamaphunziro awo idatha kamodzi. Kuyambira chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1400, iwo anayamba kuzunzidwa.
9. Posakhalitsa, kuzunzidwa kwa Aromani kunabweretsa zolinga zachipembedzo. Zowonadi, kwinakwake mu steppe moto wamoto ukuyaka, pomwe anthu akuzungulira, akuyankhula chilankhulo chosamveka, kuvina zachilendo zachilendo ku nyimbo zachilendo - bwanji Sabata la mfiti? Ndipo ma gypsies amaphunzitsa mwaluso nyama ndipo amadziwa zambiri zamankhwala osati zitsamba zambiri. Chidziwitso ndi maluso otere adatinso amatsenga ndi mfiti.
10. Podzinamizira, Aromani akadatha kukhala mmaiko aku Europe, ngati sichingakhale cha gulu lazogulitsa lomwe linali pamenepo. Mamembala amisonkhano kapena magulu omwe adaphunzitsidwa ndi omwe amatha kuchita nawo ntchito zina. Kutuluka kwa osula zitsulo atsopano, zishalo, miyala yamtengo wapatali, opanga nsapato, ndi zina zambiri, zimakhudza magulu a magulu, ndipo a Gypsies poyamba adapezeka kuti ali mgulu laling'ono.
11. Mu Middle Ages, omwe tsopano akuwoneka kuti ndi ankhanza - zikwizikwi za anthu adasonkhana kuti akaphedwe mwankhanza pagulu, ndi zina zambiri - A Gypsy adathamangitsidwa m'maiko awo. Kotero iwo anafika ku America ndi Australia. Ku Sweden, England, maiko ena aku Germany, panali malamulo ofotokoza kuphedwa kwa Aromani, koma chifukwa chanjira yosamukasamuka yawa, sankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni. Ndipo m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, ulamuliro wa Hitler unapha Aromani pafupifupi 600,000 pongotengera mtundu wawo.
12. Malamulo otsutsana ndi Aromani anali atathetsedwa ponseponse kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Amakhulupirira kuti kuthetsedwa kwamalamulowa kudayamba kuphatikiza Aromani m'magulu amayiko omwe amakhala. Komabe, machitidwe awonetsa kuti panali zochitika zapadera zophatikizana, ndipo Aromani ambiri adapitiliza kukhala moyo wawo wamba.
13. Aromani adalowa Russia pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 kuchokera ku Germany kudutsa ku Poland. A Gypsies ambiri panthawiyo anali mgulu lankhondo laku Russia, okhala m'malo osachita nkhondo. Ankagwira ntchito ngati okwatirana, zishalo, osula zitsulo, ndi zina zambiri. Komabe, m'malo achigypsy wamba, ntchito yotereyi imawonedwa ngati yamanyazi.
Ngakhale panali chisilamu pakati pa Asilamu kwa anthu amitundu, Ottoman anali odabwitsa Aromani. Zowona, kulolerana kumeneku kumangokhudza Aromani omwe amangokhala omwe anali akatswiri pazokongoletsa - osula, osula mfuti, miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ankalipira misonkho yochepa poyerekeza ndi Akhristu, ndipo osula mfuti sankalipira misonkho kotheratu. A Gypsy adavomereza Chisilamu. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa ufumu wa Ottoman, malingaliro ofatsa oterowo adasiya Agypsies m'mbali - anthu omasulidwa, osatha kufikira anthu aku Turkey, adathamangira kubwezera a Gypsies. Iwo anazunzidwa poyera ndi kuphedwa. Iwo amene anali ndi mwayi anali akapolo. Malinga ndi zomwe otsatsa nyuzipepala adalengeza, pakati pa zaka za zana la 19 ku Moldova ndi Hungary, adagulitsidwa ndi anthu ambiri.
15. Nyumba yoyendera ma gypsy imatchedwa wardo. Ili ndi chitofu, zovala, bedi - chilichonse chomwe mungafune pamoyo wanu. Komabe, ngati nyengo ilola, a Gypsies amakonda kugona ku Bender - kuphatikiza mahema ndi ma yurt a anthu osamukasamuka akumpoto. Ana adabadwa ndipo adamwalira ku Bender - vardo sayenera kulumikizidwa ndi kubwera kwa munthu m'moyo kapena kuchoka kwake. Tsopano ma ward adasandulika okwera mtengo - masauzande masauzande amalipidwa.
16. Njira yopambana kwambiri yolowetsera Aromani inali ku Soviet Union. Zowona, zovomerezeka za 90% za Aromani okhazikika sizimakhulupirira, koma analidi Aromani ambiri okhazikika. Panali minda ya anthu wamba, ana omwe amapita kusukulu ndikupitiliza maphunziro awo, ma gypsy adagwira ntchito yankhondo. Panalinso chikwapu - ma gypsies omwe amaweruzidwa mosavuta kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zingapo chifukwa chazinyalala kapena ukazi. Pambuyo pa kugwa kwa USSR, ntchito yokhazikika pakuphatikizika kwa alimi idasiya, koma Aromani sanabwerere kumachitidwe awo akale. Tsopano pafupifupi 1% ya ma gypsies aku Russia akuyenda.
17. Ulamuliro wa USSR utalowa ndikulowa kwa mayiko omwe kale anali achisosholizimu ku European Union, Aromani adakhala tsoka lenileni kumayiko "akale" aku Europe. Mazana a zikwi za gypsy adasefukira m'misewu yamizinda yayikulu ku Europe. Ma Gypsies amachita zopemphapempha, zachinyengo komanso kuba. Ngati ku Russia Aromani akuchita nawo malonda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ku Europe bizinesi iyi imayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake Aromani amakhala osauka kwambiri.
18. Ngakhale Aromani omwe ali ngati iwo amasunga miyambo yakale yambiri, makamaka pankhani yokhudza mabanja. Mutu wa banja ndiye, mwamunayo. Ana amuna ndi akazi amatengedwa ndi makolo. M'mbuyomu, izi zimachitika pomwe ana anali ndi zaka 15 - 16, tsopano akuyesera kunyamula mkwati kapena mkwatibwi ngakhale kale - kuthamangitsanso kwakhudza achikuda. Zowona kuti mkwatibwi anali namwali ziyenera kuwonetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi pepala. Ngakhale zaka zakubadwa zaukwati, kapena kusiyana kwa msinkhu wachinyamata sikungatenge gawo - ukwati wa mwana wazaka 10 ndi mtsikana wazaka 14 sizingatheke, ndipo mosemphanitsa.
19. Palibe oledzera pamaukwati achigypsy, ngakhale maphwando a masiku atatu amakonzedwa mwabwino kwambiri. A Gypsies amamwa mowa wokha, ndipo makamaka anthu osankhidwa amayang'anira momwe alendo aliri, omwe amachotsa mlendo woledzera patebulo.
20. Gypsy Timofey Prokofiev atamwalira adakhala Ngwazi ya Soviet Union - adatenga nawo gawo pa Olshansky Landing Force, pomwe anthu 67 adagwira zigawenga za gulu lonse laku Germany la Nikolaev masiku awiri. Prokofiev, monga anzawo 59, adagwa pankhondo.
21. Mwinanso gitala ya zingwe zisanu ndi ziwiri siyotengera anthu amtundu, koma idatchuka chifukwa cha ma rums. Zachikondi zambiri zaku Russia, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zachikale, mwina zimabwereka ku Gypsy, kapena zimakhala ndi nyimbo zaku Gypsy. Nyimbo za Emir Kusturica ndi Petar Bregovich ndizofanana kwambiri ndi gypsy.
22. Chifukwa chakusakhazikika kwanthawi zonse komanso mbiri yoyipa ya Aromani, kulibe Aromani pakati pa anthu odziwika mu sayansi, chikhalidwe, zaluso kapena masewera. Mwinamwake iwo anali, koma chiyambi chawo cha gypsy chinali chobisika moyenera. Kupatula apo, ngakhale pakadali pano mawu amunthu wina akuti "Ndine gypsy!" zipangitsa ambiri omwe alipo kuti afufuze zomwe zili mchikwama chawo. Amadziwika kuti Elvis Presley ndi Charlie Chaplin anali ndi tinthu tambiri zamagazi. Omwe adayambitsa gulu lotchuka kwambiri la "Gypsy Kings" ndi ma gypsies. Ku USSR / Russia, woyimba komanso woimba Nikolai Slichenko amakonda kutchuka koyenera. Koma otchuka kwambiri ndi ma gypsy onama ngati Esmeralda, Carmen, gypsy wa Aza kapena gypsy wamkulu wa USSR, Budulai.
23. Mtundu wina wakuyesera kwapadera kwa amitundu chifukwa cha ufulu, ufulu - nthano yopangidwa ndi olemba ulesi. Khalidwe la Aromani mderalo limayendetsedwa bwino ndipo limazunguliridwa ndi zisokonezo zambiri. Ndipo kunja kwa dera, moyo wa gypsy ndi wosaganizirika - kuthamangitsidwa kumsasa kumawerengedwa kuti ndi chilango chokhwima kwambiri. Palinso ma quirks angapo. Msasa wonse umathamanga kukawona kubadwa, ndipo a gypsy amapita kwa azachipatala pokhapokha ataphedwa.
24. Mphamvu yayikulu ya "baron" (makamaka, "baro" - "mkulu") ndi nthano yomweyo. Baro ali, ngati kuti anali woimira Aromani, yemwe wapatsidwa mphamvu yolumikizana ndi akuluakulu aboma kapena madera ena. Ena mwa ma Gypsies amakhala osakhazikika kunja kwa msasa - samadziwa chilankhulo, samvetsa zikalata, kapena satha kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Kenako, m'malo mwawo, a baro amalankhula, omwe amapatsidwa makilogalamu azodzikongoletsera zagolide ndi zina zabwino komanso zamphamvu pakulimba. Komabe, pazinthu zazikulu, chisankho chimapangidwa ndi omwe amatchedwa. "Kris" - upangiri wochokera kwa amuna ovomerezeka kwambiri.
25. Maganizo a Aromani pakuphunzira akusintha pang'onopang'ono. Ngati ana oyambirira amapita kusukulu mokakamizidwa ndi mabungwe aboma, tsopano Achiromani achichepere amaphunzira mofunitsitsa. Mwamwayi, m'maiko ambiri aku Europe ali ndi zabwino zambiri. Mwambiri, Aromani amasamalira ana bwino, kwinaku akutseka maso awo kuwona kuti ana akhoza kukhala odetsedwa kapena ovala bwino.
