Wotchedwa Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev - Wasayansi waku Russia, wasayansi, wasayansi, metrologist, economist, technologist, geologist, meteorologist, oyendetsa mafuta, aphunzitsi, oyendetsa ndege komanso wopanga zida. Membala Wofananira ndi Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Science. Zina mwazotchuka kwambiri ndi lamulo lokhazikika lazinthu zamankhwala (onani zambiri zosangalatsa za chemistry).
Wambiri wotchedwa Dmitry Mendeleev ladzala ndi mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa zokhudza moyo wake waumwini ndi sayansi.
Kotero, patsogolo panu pali mbiri yochepa ya Mendeleev.
Wambiri wotchedwa Dmitry Mendeleev
Wotchedwa Dmitry Mendeleev anabadwa pa January 27 (February 8) 1834 ku Tobolsk. Iye anakulira ndipo anakulira m'banja la Ivan Pavlovich, mkulu wa sukulu zingapo Tobolsk. M'zaka za m'ma 1840, Mendeleev Sr. adalandira a Decembrists omwe adatengedwa ukapolo mnyumba mwake.
Amayi a Dmitry, Maria Dmitrievna, anali mkazi wophunzira yemwe anali nawo polera ana. M'banja Mendeleev anabadwa ana 14 (malinga ndi zina 17), kumene wamng'ono anali Dmitry. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ana 8 adamwalira ali aang'ono.
Ubwana ndi unyamata
Mendeleev ali ndi zaka 10 zokha, bambo ake adamwalira, omwe adasiyanso asanamwalire.
Uku kunali kutayika koyamba kwakukulu mu mbiri ya wasayansi wamtsogolo.
Pa maphunziro ake pa sukulu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi, wotchedwa Dmitry sanachite bwino pamaphunziro, amalandila masukulu ambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zovuta kwambiri kwa iye chinali Chilatini.
Komabe, amayi ake adathandizira mnyamatayo kuyamba kukonda sayansi, yemwe pambuyo pake adamutenga kukaphunzira ku St.
Ali ndi zaka 16, Dmitry Mendeleev adakhoza bwino mayeso ku Main Pedagogical Institute ku Dipatimenti Yachilengedwe ya Fizikiya ndi Masamu.
Pakadali pano, mnyamatayo amaphunzira bwino ndipo amafalitsa nkhani "Pa isomorphism." Zotsatira zake, anamaliza maphunziro awo ku sukuluyi ndi maulemu.
Sayansi
Mu 1855, Dmitry Mendeleev adasankhidwa kukhala mphunzitsi wamkulu wa sayansi yachilengedwe ku bwalo la masewera a amuna ku Simferopol. Atagwira ntchito kuno osakwana chaka chimodzi, adasamukira ku Odessa, komwe adapeza ntchito yophunzitsa ku lyceum.
Kenako Mendeleev adateteza zolemba zake pa "Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a silika", zomwe zidamupatsa mwayi wophunzitsa. Posakhalitsa anateteza nkhani yolembedwa ina ndipo anasankhidwa kukhala pulofesa wothandizira wa yunivesite.
Mu 1859 Dmitry Ivanovich anatumizidwa ku Germany. Kumeneko anaphunzira madzi a capillary, ndipo adafalitsanso nkhani zingapo zasayansi pamitu yosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, adabwerera ku St. Petersburg.
Mu 1861 Mendeleev adafalitsa buku "Organic Chemistry", pomwe adalandira Mphotho ya Demidov.
Tsiku lililonse kutchuka kwa wasayansi waku Russia kudachulukirachulukira. Ali ndi zaka 30, adakhala pulofesa, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo adapatsidwa udindo woyang'anira dipatimenti.
Munthawi imeneyi ya mbiri yake, Dmitry Mendeleev anali kuchita nawo ntchito zophunzitsa, komanso anagwiranso ntchito mwakhama pa "Fundamentals of Chemistry". Mu 1869, adayambitsa mndandanda wazinthu zakuthambo ku sayansi, zomwe zidamupangitsa kuzindikira padziko lonse lapansi.
Poyamba, tebulo la periodic linali ndi ma atomiki azinthu 9 zokha. Pambuyo pake, gulu la mpweya wabwino udawonjezeredwa. Mu tebulo, mutha kuwona maselo ambiri opanda kanthu pazinthu zomwe sizinatsegulidwebe.
Mu 1890s, wasayansi adathandizira kwambiri pakupeza chodabwitsa ngati - radioactivity. Anaphunziranso ndikupanga lingaliro la hydration la mayankho ndi chidwi.
Posakhalitsa Mendeleev adachita chidwi ndi kuphunzira kukhathamira kwa mpweya, chifukwa chake adatha kupeza mpweya wabwino.
Panthawiyo mu mbiri yake, katswiri wamagetsi adapanga dongosolo la magawo azinthu zamafuta, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito akasinja ndi mapaipi. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyaka kwamafuta mu ng'anjo sikunachitikenso.
Pamwambowu, Mendeleev adalankhula mawu odziwika kuti: "Mafuta oyaka ndi chimodzimodzi kusisititsa chitofu ndi ndalama."
M'dera la chidwi cha Dmitry Ivanovich mulinso malo. Adapanga barometer-altimeter yosiyanitsa, yomwe idaperekedwa kumodzi mwamisonkhano ku France.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti ali ndi zaka 53, wasayansiyo adaganiza zokachita nawo ndege yothamanga yomwe ili kumtunda kuti athe kuwona kadamsana.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Mendeleev adachita mkangano waukulu ndi m'modzi mwa akulu akulu. Zotsatira zake, adaganiza zosiya yunivesite.
Mu 1892 Dmitry Mendeleev adapanga ukadaulo wotulutsa ufa wopanda utsi. Mofananamo ndi izi, anali kuchita nawo kuwerengera kwa muyeso waku Russia ndi Chingerezi. Popita nthawi, ndikugonjera kwake, njira zoyeserera zidayambitsidwa.
Pa mbiri ya 1905-1907. Mendeleev adasankhidwa kuti akhale woyenera kulandira mphotho ya Nobel. Mu 1906, komiti ya Nobel idapereka mphothoyo kwa wasayansi waku Russia, koma Royal Swedish Academy of Science siyinatsimikizire chisankhochi.
M'zaka za moyo wake, Dmitry Mendeleev adafalitsa mabuku opitilira 1,500. Chifukwa chothandizira kwambiri pakukula kwa sayansi yapadziko lonse lapansi, adapatsidwa mphotho zapamwamba komanso maudindo ambiri.
The mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kukhala membala aulemu a mabungwe osiyanasiyana sayansi mu Russia ndi kunja.
Moyo waumwini
Ali mnyamata, Dmitry anakumana ndi mtsikana Sophia, yemwe adamudziwa kuyambira ali mwana. Pambuyo pake, achichepere adaganiza zokwatirana, koma ukwati usanachitike, mtsikanayo adakana kupita pamsewu. Mkwatibwi adawona kuti sikoyenera kusintha chilichonse m'moyo ngati anali wokongola kale.
Pambuyo pake Mendeleev adayamba kuyang'anira Feozva Leshcheva, yemwe adadziwanso naye kuyambira ali mwana. Zotsatira zake, banjali linakwatirana mu 1862, ndipo chaka chotsatira adakhala ndi mtsikana, Maria.
Pambuyo pake, anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Vladimir, ndi mwana wamkazi, Olga.
Wotchedwa Dmitry Mendeleev ankakonda ana, komabe, chifukwa cha ntchito yolemetsa, sakanatha kuthera nthawi yochuluka kwa iwo. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ukwatiwu sunali wosangalatsa.
Mu 1876 Mendeleev anachita chidwi ndi Anna Popova. Panthawiyo, mwamunayo anali kale ndi zaka 42, pomwe wokondedwa wake anali wazaka 16 zokha. Yemwe anakumana ndi mtsikanayo pa "Lachisanu lachinyamata" lotsatira, lomwe adakonza m'nyumba mwake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti misonkhano yachisanu Lachisanu imakonda kupezeka ndi otchuka ambiri, kuphatikiza Ilya Repin, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Ivan Shishkin ndi ena azikhalidwe.
Dmitry ndi Anna adalembetsa ubale wawo mu 1881. Muukwatiwu, anali ndi mtsikana, Lyubov, mnyamata, Ivan, ndi mapasa, Vasily ndi Maria. Pamodzi ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, Mendeleev pomaliza adaphunzira zosangalatsa zonse za banja.
Pambuyo pake, wolemba ndakatulo Alexander Blok adakhala mpongozi wa Mendeleev, yemwe adakwatira mwana wake wamkazi Lyubov.
Imfa
M'nyengo yozizira ya 1907, pamsonkhano wamalonda ndi Minister of Viwanda, Dmitry Filosofov, Mendeleev adadwala chimfine. Posakhalitsa chimfine chidayamba chibayo, chomwe chidapangitsa imfa ya wasayansi wamkulu waku Russia.
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev adamwalira pa Januware 20 (2 February) 1907 ali ndi zaka 72.
Zaka zambiri pambuyo pa wamankhwala atamwalira, chinthu chatsopano pa nambala 101 chinawonekera patebulo la periodic, lotchedwa dzina lake - Mendelevium (Md).
