Ma Penguin adatchuka ku Europe mzaka za m'ma 1500 mpaka 1600. Koma m'masiku amenewo, cholinga chachikulu choyenda panyanja chinali phindu, chifukwa chake zolengedwa zosamveka bwino zimawoneka ngati zosowa zina. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu akale omwe amapita kumayiko akutali amafotokoza zolengedwa zomwe theka-nsomba, theka-mbalame sizimayambitsa chidwi.
Kafukufuku wokhazikika wa ma penguin adayamba m'zaka za zana la 19 pomwe anthu adayamba kutumiza maulendo asayansi kunyanja zakutali. Kenako gulu la ma penguin lidawonekera, koyamba mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe awo anafotokozedwa. Penguin anayamba kuoneka m'malo osungira nyama ku Ulaya.
Kutchuka kwapadziko lonse kudabwera ma penguin mu theka lachiwiri la zaka makumi awiri, pomwe mbalamezi zidakhala ngwazi zokongola zazithunzithunzi ndi zojambula. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, ma penguin adadziwika kuti ndiopanda mantha koma amakhalidwe abwino, osakhazikika kumtunda komanso othamanga m'madzi, kudyetsa nsomba komanso kusamalira ana.
Pafupifupi chilichonse pamafotokozedwe awa ndi chowonadi, koma, monga nthawi zonse, mdierekezi ali mwatsatanetsatane. Ma penguin amakhala abwino, makamaka kwa anthu. Komabe, mawonekedwe awo si angelo, amalimbana mwachangu ndi milomo yawo yamphamvu, ndipo amatha kuwukira nyama yayikulu mgulu. Kusamalira ana kumachitika chifukwa chopanga mahomoni apadera. Hormone ikatha, momwemonso kusamalira ana. Nthawi zina kusamalira ana kumafika pachimake kuti anyani akuluakulu amalanda mwana wa wina.
Komabe, monga m'modzi mwa ofufuza achingerezi adanenera moyenera, ma penguin si anthu, ndipo ndichopusa kutsatira machitidwe awo ndi miyezo ya anthu. Ma penguin amaimira nyama, ndipo malingaliro awo apangidwa kwazaka zambiri.
1. Ma penguin amakhala kumwera chakum'mwera ndi kumtunda kwenikweni. Komabe, kungakhale malingaliro olakwika kukhulupirira kuti amakhala pakati pa madzi oundana komanso ozizira am'madzi. Ma penguin a Galapagos omwe amakhala kuzilumba zamtundu womwewo amakhala omasuka kutentha kwamadzi a 22 - + 24 ° С ndi kutentha kwamlengalenga pakati pa +18 ndi + 24 ° С. Ma Penguin amakhalanso m'mphepete mwa nyanja za Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, zilumba za Indian Ocean komanso pagombe lonse la Pacific ku South America.
Mbalame za ku Australia
2. Kusankhidwa kwachilengedwe mu ma penguin kumakhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta. Ma Penguin omwe ayimilira ndi "kusambira kwaulere" - moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, amawonekera kumudzi masiku angapo, kenako kuyendera kwawo kumakhala kotalikirapo, ndipo pokhapokha atatsimikizira kuti atha kupulumuka pamavuto, anyani omwe amakhala okhazikika pakadutsa amakhala kukholoni. Chifukwa chake, ndi achinyamata okha omwe adakwanitsa kudzidyetsa okha ndi kuthawa nyama zomwe zimadya omwe amaloledwa kubala ana.
3. Evolution yaphunzitsa ma penguin kuti azisamala madzi amchere. Pafupifupi nyama zonse Padziko Lapansi, chakudya chamadzi chotere chitha kupha. Ndipo ma penguin amasefa mchere m'madzi kudzera m'matope apadera omwe amapezeka m'maso ndikuutulutsa kudzera pakamwa.
4. Chifukwa cha chakudya chosasangalatsa kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri za chisinthiko, ma penguin ali ndi zolandilira kwa zinthu ziwiri mwa zinayi zomwe amakonda - samva kuwawa ndi kukoma. Koma amasiyanitsa pakati pa asidi ndi mchere.
5. Gulu laling'ono la anamgumi opha - adani oyipitsitsa a dolphin - amatha kusunga zikwizikwi za anyani pagombe. Mbalame zouluka zimawona kupezeka kwa anamgumi opha m'madzi pafupi ndi gombe ndipo samayerekeza kupita kumadzi kukafuna chakudya. Ngakhale nyamayi zikathedwa nzeru, kuleza mtima, kusambira, anyaniwo amadikirira nthawi yayitali, kenako amatumiza daredevil m'madzi okha kuti awonetsetse kuti palibe adani olimbana nawo.
Scout adapita
6. Kutumiza kwa amalinyero aku Russia a Thaddeus Bellingshausen ndi Mikhail Lazarev, omwe adapeza ku Antarctica, nthawi yomweyo anapeza Emperor penguins - mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa anthu akuda ndi azungu okhala ku Antarctica. M'malo mwake, kufika ku Antarctica ndikuwona zolengedwa mpaka 130 cm wamtali ndikulemera mpaka 50 kg kungakhale kovuta, makamaka popeza anyani amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja. Lieutenant Ignatiev ndi gulu la amalinyero, osawopa akatswiri azachilengedwe omwe kulibe panthawiyo, adapha m'modzi mwa anyaniwo ndikubwera naye m'ngalawamo. Aliyense nthawi yomweyo anayamikira khungu ngati chokongoletsera chabwino, ndipo miyala inapezeka m'mimba mwa mbalame yosasamala, yosonyeza kuti dziko lapansi linali kwinakwake pafupi.
F. Bellingshausen - mtsogoleri waulendo waku Russia waku polar
7. M'mwezi wa Marichi 2018, asayansi aku Latvia omwe adagwira ntchito ku Antarctica pa siteshoni yaku Ukraine "Akademik Vernadsky" adadandaula kuti ma penguin amabera zida ndi zida zawo kuti azitengera nthaka ya ku Antarctic. Poganizira kuti poyenda kwawo atha kufika pa liwiro lalikulu la 6 km / h, ndipo munthu wamba amayenda ndi sitepe yothamanga pang'ono, zofananira ziwiri zomwe zingachitike. Asayansi mwina aku Latvia akumanapo ndi mitundu yatsopano ya ma penguin oyenda, kapena nthano zonena za kuthamanga kwa malingaliro kwa anthu aku Baltic sizipitilira zenizeni.
8. Wasayansi waku Australia a Eddie Hall adaganiza zosiya kamera yamavidiyo yomwe idaphatikizidwayo pafupi ndi gulu lalikulu la anyani. Mbalamezi zidapeza kuti kamera idayatsidwa ndikuziyesa pang'ono kusangalatsa asayansi komanso mafani amakanema oseketsa.
9. Kuyankhula za kulemera kwa ma penguin kumangofotokozedwera. Mwa anthu akuluakulu, kulemera kwamazira kumatha kuchepetsedwa - pakakhala njala yokakamiza, mafuta am'munsi amatayika kuti akhalebe ndi moyo. Kenako penguin amadya ndipo amakhala wozungulira komanso wonenepa, ndipo makulidwe a mafutawo amabwezeretsanso masentimita 3 - 4. Pakadali pano, emperor penguin amatha kulemera makilogalamu 120 ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 120. Ma penguin otsalawo ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri kutalika ndi kulemera.
10. Ambiri a penguin amakhala m'magawo akulu, nthawi zina amakhala anthu masauzande ndi mamiliyoni. Mwachitsanzo, ma penguin a Adelѝ, amakhala ndi kuswana awiriawiri, koma amakhala ambiri, m'malo ochepa kwambiri. Mwa njira, tikamati "penguin", titha kuyerekeza Adélie penguin. M'makhalidwe awo, ma penguin awa amafanana kwambiri ndi anthu, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi ojambula ngati chithunzi cha mbalamezi. Penguin Lolo munyimbo yotchuka yaku Soviet Union ndi gulu la anyani ochokera m'makatuni onse a chilolezo cha "Penguins of Madagascar" amatengedwa kuchokera ku ma penguin a Adélie. M'moyo weniweni, ma penguin samakhala kuthengo pachilumba cha Madagascar.
11. Mitundu yokhayo ya penguin yomwe simapanga zigawo zake ndi kokongola kokongola kapena wamaso achikasu omwe amapezeka ku New Zealand ndi zilumba zoyandikira. Popeza kuchuluka kwa anyaniwa amakhala payekhapayekha, ndizovuta kumvetsetsa momwe matendawo amafalitsira omwe adafafaniza magawo awiri mwa atatu amtunduwu mu 2004.
12. Ma penguin ambiri amakhala ndi zisa zoumiramo mazira kuchokera kuzinthu zazing'onozing'ono. Ndipo ma emperor ndi ma penguin amatenga mazira awo mchikwama chapadera, chomwe amuna ndi akazi omwe amakhala nacho. Amasinthira dzira (kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 0,5 kg) kwa wina ndi mnzake. Pomwe kholo limodzi limagwira nsomba, linalo limakhala ndi dzira, mosemphanitsa.
13. Si mazira onse amene amaswa anapiye. Kuwona kwakanthawi kukuwonetsa kuti m'mapiko a mbalame zazing'ono, ana amapezeka mwa dzira lililonse lachitatu, mwa anthu okhwima kwambiri zokolola zimawonjezeka pafupifupi 100%, ndipo ukalamba chizindikirochi chimacheperanso. Awiri atha kusasira mazira awiri ndikupeza anapiye awiri, koma tsoka la anyani omwe aswedwa pambuyo pake sangagwirizane - ngati anyani akuluakulu afooka pakadutsa nthawi, amapitilizabe kudyetsa mwana wankhuku wamkulu yekha. Chifukwa chake, banjali limakulitsa mwayi wawo wopulumuka.
14. Emperor penguins amakhala ndi mbiri yakuya kumiza m'madzi pakati pa anzawo - amatha kulowa m'madzi kupitirira theka la kilomita. Kuphatikiza apo, amakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi mpaka atawona nyama yabwino. Zida zingapo za thupi zimawathandiza kukhala ndikusunthira pansi pamadzi, kuyambira kutseka makutu mpaka kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima ndikufulumizitsa kuyambiranso kwa magazi. Moyo umakakamiza - mwana wongobadwa kumene wa Emperor Penguin amadya nsomba zosachepera 6 kg patsiku.
15. Mu chisanu choopsa kwambiri, ma penguin amakhala mokhazikika m'magulu akuluakulu mozungulira ngati bwalo kuti azitha kutentha. Pakati pa gulu loterolo, pamakhala mayendedwe osasintha a anthu malinga ndi zovuta kwambiri. Ma penguin omwe ali pakatikati (pomwe kutentha kwamlengalenga ngakhale chisanu chozizira kwambiri komanso mphepo imatha kupitirira + 20 ° C) pang'onopang'ono amasunthira kumapeto kwa bwalolo, ndipo anzawo achisanu ochokera m'mizere yakunja amasunthira pakatikati.
16. Anyani amachita bwino kumalo osungira nyama. Zowona, kuzisunga mu ukapolo ndizovuta kwambiri - muyenera kutentha kutentha kwa madzi kwa mbalamezi. Komabe, potengera momwe zinthu ziliri, ma penguin m'malo osungira nyama amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa abale awo kuthengo ndipo amaberekana bwino. Chifukwa chake, mu 2016, Moscow Zoo idagawana anthu asanu ndi awiri ndi Novosibirsk nthawi imodzi - amuna awiri ndi akazi asanu. Ma penguin onse amakhala bwino m'malo awo atsopano.
17. Yemwe adatenga nawo gawo paulendo wapolishi womaliza womenyedwa ndi a Robert Scott, a George Levick mu 1914 adafalitsa buku momwe adafotokozera zotsatira za zomwe adawona ma penguins. Ofalitsawo adatulutsa mutu womwe wofufuzayo adafotokozera machitidwe achiwerewere a anyani - zolemba za omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, necrophilia, ndi zina zambiri zidadabwitsa kwambiri.Buku "Chinstrap Penguins" lidasindikizidwa kwathunthu mu 2012, ndipo lidapatsidwa zolemba zambiri momwe Zonama za anyani amadzinenera kuti zidachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo.
18. Ku Odense Zoo ku Denmark, anyani awiri a mbalamezi amaonetsa kuti mbalamezi sizichedwa kutengera mfundo za ku Ulaya. Powona kuti penguin wakhanda, yemwe adaleredwa ndi banja lomwe limakhala pafupi, adasiyidwa osayang'aniridwa kwa mphindi zingapo (osamalira zoo adatenga mayiwo kupita nawo kumadzi, ndipo bamboyo adayamba bizinesi yake), anyani achiwerewerewo adakokera mwana wawo pakona yawo ndipo adayesera kubisala kumbuyo kwawo matupi. Amayi obwerera mwachangu adapezanso mawonekedwe. Zikatero, oyang'anira zinyama anaganiza zopatsa dzira loyamba lomwe anyaniwa amupatse Elias ndi Emil - ili ndi dzina la makolo a anyani amtsogolo.
19. Nyuzipepala yokhayo yomwe idasindikizidwa kuzilumba za Falkland, yomwe ili ku Argentina koma wokhala ndi United Kingdom, amatchedwa Penguin News - Penguin News.
20. Wachingelezi Tom Mitchell, akupita ku South America, ku Uruguay adapulumutsa kuimfa penguin yemwe adagwidwa ndi mafuta. Mitchell anayesera kutsuka penguin mu bidet pogwiritsa ntchito ochapa madzi ochapira, shampoo, ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana a masamba. Penguin, yemwe kulemera kwake kunali pafupifupi 5 kg, poyamba adalimbana nawo ndikuluma dzanja la mpulumutsi, koma kenako adakhazikika ndikudzilola kutsuka mafuta. Wachingerezi adanyamula mbalameyo kupita kunyanja, koma anyani, atasambira mamitala angapo, adabwerera kumtunda. Mitchell adamsunga ndikumutcha dzina lake Juan Salvador. Mutha kuwerenga za zochitika zodabwitsa za Juan Salvador ndi mbuye wake m'buku labwino kwambiri la Mitchell With Penguin in a Backpack.
