Zambiri za 30 za moyo ndi ntchito ya Vasily Makarovich Shukshin

Vasily Makarovich Shukshin (1929 - 1974) adadutsa chikhalidwe cha Russia ngati meteor. Kubwerera mu 1958, anali wophunzira wosadziwika wa VGIK, ndipo patangopita zaka 15 mabuku ake adatulutsidwa m'makope mamiliyoni, ndipo ochita masewera odziwika kwambiri adayesetsa kusewera m'mafilimu ake.

M'mabuku owerengera, polemba mindandanda ya Vasily Shukshin, makanema nthawi zambiri amakhala pamalo oyamba, chifukwa kuzindikira kwa omvera komanso mphotho yayikulu yomwe adapita molondola pakuwongolera ndi kuwongolera. Koma Shukshin amadziona ngati wolemba. Ngakhale panthawi yomwe amafunika kwambiri mu kanema, pomwe, panthawi yopuma pakamajambula kanema wina, amayenera kuwuluka kupita ku ina, adalota zopita kwawo ku Srostki kwa chaka chimodzi ndikungolemba.

Tsoka, sanagwire ntchito ali yekha. Zaumoyo, mowa, zimasokonekera muubwana ndi unyamata, ndipo, koposa zonse, ntchito yovuta kwambiri sinalole maluso a Shukshin kuti adziulule kwathunthu. Koma ngakhale mzaka 45 zomwe adapatsidwa, adakwanitsa kuchita zambiri.

1. Mu 1929, mwana woyamba kubadwa anabadwa m'banja Makar ndi Maria Shukshin, dzina lake Vasily. Banjali limakhala m'mudzi waukulu wa Altai ku Srostki. Abambo adazunzidwa m'ma 1930 ovuta. Nkhondo itatha, amayi adamuwuza Vasily kuti amadziwa yemwe adanyoza mwamuna wake, koma sanatchule dzina la wankhanzayo.
2. Unyamata wa Vasily unagwera pazaka zankhondo. Inde, nkhondoyo idakafika ku Altai, koma kunali koyenera kufa ndi njala ndikumwagwira mwakhama ntchito. Wolemba amalankhula momveka bwino munkhani zake. Mmodzi mwa iwo, ana amagona patebulo ngakhale panthawi yomwe amayi awo amaphika zotayira - zokoma zomwe sizinachitikepo.
3. Shukshin, pamenepo, anali wachinyamata wovuta. Ndewu, zachiwawa, zanzeru zopanda malire, ndi zonsezi motsutsana ndi chidwi chakukulira chilungamo, ngakhale msinkhu wake. Ananyozedwa ndi oyandikana naye - Vasily adazonda nkhumba yake ndikudula maso a nkhumbayo ndi legeni. Momwe anzawo adazipezera, ndipo palibe choti tinene.
4. Vasily ankakonda kuwerenga, ndipo adawerenga mwachidwi zonse zomwe zinali pafupi, mwachitsanzo, timabuku ta Academician Lysenko. Komabe, izi sizinakhudze magwiridwe ake akusukulu mwanjira iliyonse. Anamaliza sukulu ya zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri movutikira kwambiri.
5. Kwa chaka chimodzi ndi theka, mnyamatayo adaphunzira ku sukulu yamagalimoto yamagalimoto, yomwe adasiya pazifukwa zosadziwika. Zimangodziwika kuti amayi ake adakwiya kwambiri, ndipo anthu akumudzimo adakhulupirira kuti "kupanda bambo" ndi kopanda pake - pofika nthawi yomwe malirowo anali atafika kwa abambo ake omupeza.
6. Mu 1946, Shukshin adachoka kumudzi kwawo. Apa pali kusiyana kosamvetsetseka koma kosangalatsa komwe kumatuluka mu mbiri yake. Amadziwika kuti mu 1947 adapeza ntchito ku Kaluga. Kodi Vasily adachita chiyani kwa chaka chimodzi ndipo adanyamulidwa bwanji kuchokera ku Siberia kupita ku Kaluga? Olemba mbiri ina amakhulupirira kuti Shukshin adalumikizana ndi gulu la achifwamba ndikuwasiya movutikira kwambiri, ndipo nkhani yonse idakhala ya "Kalina Krasnaya". Igor Khutsiev, yemwe bambo ake a Marlene adawombera filimuyo "Two Fyodors" ndi Shukshin paudindo, adakumbukira kuti adawona mphini ngati mpeni waku Finnish padzanja la "Amalume Vasya". Pambuyo pake, Shukshin adalemba tattoo iyi.
7. Pambuyo pa Kaluga, komwe ankagwira ntchito yothandizira pa ntchito yomanga, Vasily anapita ku Vladimir. Ankagwira ntchito yokonza magalimoto - komabe adatha kudziwa zambiri kusukulu yaukadaulo. Zikuwoneka kuti amagwira ntchito bwino, popeza ofesi yolembetsa usitikali idamutumiza kusukulu yophunzitsa ndege. Koma panjira, mnyamatayo adataya zikalata zonse. Zinali zamanyazi kubwerera, ndipo Shukshin adayamba kuyendayenda.
8. Mu mzinda wa Butovo m'chigawo cha Moscow, Shukshin adagwira ntchito yophunzirira kupenta. Kamodzi kumapeto kwa sabata, adapita ku Moscow ndipo mwangozi adakumana ndi director director a Ivan Pyriev. Pozindikira mnzake mdzikolo mwa zolankhula zake, Pyryev adamukoka kupita naye kunyumba kwake kuti akamwe tiyi. Poyambirira, m'mizinda, Vasily adakumana ndi nkhanza zowonekera motsutsana ndi "alimi onse", koma apa wotsogolera wotchuka amamuitanira kunyumba kwake, ndipo nyenyezi ina yaku kanema Marina Ladynina amatsanulira tiyi. Msonkhanowo, ndithudi, unalowa mu moyo wa Shukshin, chifukwa anali atalemba nkhani kwakanthawi ndipo amafuna kukhala waluso.
9. Monga anyamata ambiri m'zaka zimenezo, gulu lankhondo, kwa iye, ntchito yankhondo idathandiza Shukshin kukhazikika. Woyenda panyanja wa ku Chernomorets adalandira ukadaulo wawayilesi ndipo adakonzekera bwino mayeso a kosi ya zaka khumi. Zilonda zam'mimba zidakhala malipiro. Chifukwa cha iye, Basil anamasulidwa, chifukwa cha iye, amayenera kupita kuchipatala mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake.
10. Kubwerera kumudzi kwawo, Vasily adapeza ntchito kusukulu yamadzulo ndipo nthawi yomweyo adakhala director. Shukshin anali ndi mbiri yabwino, zida zake zidasindikizidwa m'nyuzipepala yachigawo, aphunzitsi adalandiridwa ngati ofuna kulowa nawo chipani.

    

    Ndi ogwira ntchito kusukulu

11. Shukshin adasintha mwatsopano pamoyo wake mu 1954, atapita ku Moscow kukalowa mu Literary Institute. Sanadziwe kuti kuti avomerezedwe ngati wolemba, amayenera kukhala atafalitsa ntchito, kapena kutumiza ntchito zake kusukuluyo pasadakhale, kuti achite mpikisano wopanga. Chifukwa chake, sanalandire zolemba zake.

    

    Zalephera alma mater

12. Atalandira mpata kuchokera pachipata cha Literary Institute, Shukshin adaganiza zoyesa mwayi wake ku VGIK. Kumeneko, mwina, iyenso akadakumana ndi zolephera, ngati sichoncho chifukwa cha fyuluta yowonjezerapo ngati nkhani. Shukshin adalemba bwino kwambiri, kenako adakonda Mikhail Romm, ndipo adalembetsa ku Institution of department.

    

    Nyumba ya VGIK. Shukshin - atakhala

13. Ku VGIK, munthu waku Siberia adaphunzitsidwa ndi owongolera ambiri odziwika mtsogolo komanso zisudzo. Alexander Mitta adakumbukira kuti Shukshin samadziwa kuti pali ntchito ya director. M'malingaliro ake, panali kulumikizana kokwanira pakati pa ochita sewerowo pakupanga.
14. Atangowona Shukshin, yemwe sanamudziwebe, akuyenda ku Odessa, Marlen Khutsyev adaganiza kuti wochita sewerayo amugwirizane ndi gawo lalikulu mu kanema "Two Fyodors". Wotsogolera ngakhale amayenera kumenya pang'ono ndi anzawo, koma Shukshin adasewera mu "Fedory", ndipo adachita bwino kwambiri.

    

    Mufilimuyi "Two Fyodors"

15. Poyamba pa "Two Fedorov" wochita seweroli sanathe kupeza. Shukshin anali ndi kufooka kotchuka chifukwa chomwa mowa, koma nthawi ino anapanganso mkangano. Hhutsyev mwiniyo adayenera kuchotsa wosewerayo kupolisi, ndipo wamkulu wa dipatimentiyo sanafune kumasula Shukshin kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa anali wosewera. Ndinayenera kuitanira wapolisi kuti adzawoneke koyamba.
16. Mu Ogasiti 1958, nkhani yoyamba ya V. Shukshin, yotchedwa "Awiri Pagalimoto", idatuluka mu No. 15 ya magazini ya Smena. Malinga ndi a Shukshin, adatumiza nkhani zake "mokonda" nkhani zosiyanasiyana kuzosiyanasiyana, ndipo atabwerako, adangosintha adiresi ya envelopu.
17. Kanemayo "Kuchokera ku Lebyazhye Inform" Anzake a Shukshin adayesa mosadabwitsa. Ambiri sanakonde kuti Vasily adagwira nawo gawo lalikulu pazolemba zake, anali director and screenwriter. Ndipo mu 1961, kanemayo anali wosavuta. Ozungulira onse anali kufunafuna njira zatsopano zothetsera, ndipo nayi nkhani ya komiti yayikulu yazipani komanso nkhondo yokolola ...
18. Ngakhale kuti Shukshin anali kale wosewera wotchuka, analibe chilolezo chokhala ku Moscow mpaka kumapeto kwa 1962. Iye anali wokhoza kugula nyumba yake mu likulu mu 1965.
19. M'chilimwe cha 1963, Shukshin adakhala wolemba "weniweni" - pamutu waukulu "Anthu akumidzi" buku lidasindikizidwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo nkhani zake zonse zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale.
20. Woyang'anira wamkulu wa Shukshin anali kanema "Munthu wotereyu amakhala". Shukshin adalemba script potengera nkhani zake. Ntchito yayikulu idasewera ndi Leonid Kuravlyov, yemwe director adakhala naye pachiwonetsero cha kanema "Pamene mitengo inali yayikulu". Nthawi yomweyo, Shukshin adakopa chidwi cha woyendetsa Valery Ginzburg.
21. Kanemayo "Guy Wamoyo" adapambana mphotho ya All-Union Film Festival ngati wosewera wabwino kwambiri komanso mphotho ya Venice Festival ngati filimu yabwino kwambiri kwa ana. Mphotho zonsezi zidakwiyitsa wotsogolera - Shukshin sanaganize kuti filimu yake ndi nthabwala.
22. Kanemayo "Pali munthu wotere" adakhala woyamba kubadwa komanso pazifukwa zotsatirazi. Ichi chinali chithunzi choyamba cha Soviet chomwe adaganiza zowonetsa ndikukambirana ndi anthu wamba asanabwereke. Zinali ku Voronezh, ndipo Shukshin anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri pamsonkhanowu kuposa filimuyo isanawonetsedwe kwa anzawo.
23. Mu 1965, buku loyamba lalikulu la Vasily Shukshin lidasindikizidwa - buku la "The Lyubavins". Bukuli lidasindikizidwa ndi nyumba yosindikiza "Wolemba Soviet". Izi zisanachitike, bukuli lidasindikizidwa m'magazini atatu a "Kuwala kwa Siberia".
24. Mukuwombera koyamba kwa kanema "Mabenchi Amphika" mutha kuwona wosewera wa virtuoso balalaika. Uyu ndi munthu weniweni wotchedwa Fyodor Teletskikh. Anali wotchuka kwambiri ku Altai Territory kotero kuti pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti akufika paukwati, tsiku laukwati linasinthidwa. Pafupifupi filimu yonseyi idawonetsedwa m'malo omwe Shukshin amakhala ku Altai.
25. Panthawi yoyamba ya Red Kalina, Shukshin anali akadali mchipatala ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba zomwezi. Koma adalipo pa premiere - incognito, atavala mwinjiro wachipatala atabisala kumbuyo kwa mzati. Kalina Krasnaya, kuwonjezera pa chikondi chachikulu cha omvera, adalandira Mphoto Yaikulu ya All-Union Film Festival.
26. Ubale wa Shukshin ndi akazi unali wovuta. Anakwatirana koyamba ku Srostki, koma omwe angokwatirana kumenewo adakana kupita ku Moscow ndi ziyembekezo zosadziwika kuofesi yolembetsa. Vasily, kuti alembetse ukwati watsopano ndi Victoria Sofronova, mwana wamkazi wa wolemba wotchuka, anataya pasipoti yakale ndikulandila yatsopano, koma wopanda cholemba. Ukwati uwu udalinso wamfupi, koma Victoria anali ndi mwana wamkazi. Komabe, izi zinachitika pamene Vasily Makarovich anali atakwatiwa kale ndi wojambula Lydia Chashchina. Izi zidachitika mu 1964. Pambuyo pake mchaka chomwecho, chibwenzi cha Shukshin ndi Lydia Fedoseeva chidayamba - adasewera mu kanema womwewo. Kwa kanthawi Shukshin amakhala ngati m'nyumba ziwiri, koma kenako adapita ku Fedoseeva. Anali ndi ana awiri aakazi, omwe pambuyo pake adakhala ochita zisudzo.

    

    Ndi Lydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina ndi ana aakazi

27. Vasily Shukshin adamwalira ndi matenda amtima pa Okutobala 2, 1974. Anali pagulu la kanema "Amenyera Dziko Lawo", ena mwa omwe anali mgululi anali m'boti lamtsinje. Shukshin ndi mnzake Georgy Burkov - nyumba zawo zazing'ono zinali pafupi - adagona molawirira usiku watsikulo. Usiku Shukshin adadzuka ndikudzutsa Burkov - mtima wake udawawa. Mwa mankhwalawa, kupatula madontho a validol ndi Zelenin, padalibe kanthu m'sitimayo. Shukshin adawoneka kuti wagona, ndipo m'mawa mwake Burkov adamupeza atamwalira.
28. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Shukshin, makalata 160,000 achidaliro adachokera kwa owerenga nyuzipepala ndi magazini. Pali ndakatulo zoposa 100 zakufa kwa Vasily Makarovich.
29. Anthu zikwizikwi adapita kumaliro a wolemba odziwika, director and actor on October 6. Ambiri adabweretsa nthambi za viburnum yofiira, yomwe sikuti idangophimba mandawo, komanso idakwera paphiri.
30. Mu 1967, Shukshin adapatsidwa Order of Red Banner of Labor. Patatha zaka ziwiri adalandira Mphotho Yaboma ya RSFSR. Patatha zaka ziwiri, Shukshin adapatsidwa mphoto ya USSR State Prize. Analandira Mphotho ya Lenin atamwalira

Onerani kanemayo: смех да и только (November 2024).