Mabuku mazana ndi nkhani zambirimbiri zalembedwa za mbiri ya London. Koma kwakukulukulu, ntchito izi zimaganizira zandale, osatinso - mbiri yazachuma kapena zomanga za likulu la Britain. Titha kudziwa mosavuta kuti mfumu kapena nyumbayi idamangidwa pansi pa mfumu iti, kapena zomwe zatsala pankhondo iyi kapena nkhondoyi.
Koma pali nkhani ina, monga dziko lomwe limabisala kuseli kwa The Adventures of Buratino. Amuna achikulire, omwe amatamandidwa ndi zolemba, adasunthira mozungulira London, mwakhama popewa milu yamanyowa ndikupewa matope omwe matayalawo adakwera. Kunali kovuta kupuma mumzinda chifukwa cha utsi ndi chifunga, ndipo nyumba zotsekedwa sizimalola kuti dzuwa lipite. Mzindawu udawotchera pansi kangapo, koma udamangidwanso m'misewu yakale kuti uwotchedwenso mzaka zingapo. Kusankhidwa kwa zina zotere ndi zofanana, osati zowonetseratu zochokera ku mbiri yakale ya London zimafotokozedwa munkhaniyi.
1. Zaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo, pamalo omwe masiku ano ali London, mafunde am'madzi adakwera. Zilumba za Britain zidapangidwa chifukwa chakukula kwa gawo lina laling'ono lapadziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, pamiyala ya nyumba zakale, mutha kuwona zinyama ndi nyama zam'madzi. Ndipo pansi penipeni pa dziko lapansi pafupi ndi London, mafupa a sharki ndi ng'ona amapezeka.
2. Mwachikhalidwe, mbiri yaku London imayamba ndikulanda kwa Aroma, ngakhale anthu akhala m'munsi mwa Thames kuyambira nthawi ya Mesolithic. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zomwe akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale apeza.
3. Khoma la London linazungulira malo okwana maekala 330 - pafupifupi mahekitala 130. Kuzungulira kwake kumatha kudutsa ola limodzi. Pansi pake, khoma linali lalitali mamita 3, ndipo msinkhu wake linali 6.
Londinium
4. London m'masiku a Roma wakale idali lalikulu (anthu opitilira 30,000), mzinda wamalonda wamphamvu. Tsogolo lamtsogolo, khoma latsopano la mzindawo lidamangidwa, lokuta dera lalikulu. M'malire ake, ngakhale nthawi ya Henry II, panali malo aminda ndi minda yamphesa.
5. Pambuyo pa Aroma, mzindawu udapitilizabe kufunikira kwake monga likulu loyang'anira ndi malonda, koma ukulu wake wakale udayamba kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono. Nyumba zamiyala zidalowedwa m'malo ndi matabwa, omwe nthawi zambiri ankakhala ndi moto. Komabe, kufunikira kwa London sikunatsutsidwe ndi aliyense, ndipo kwa wowukira aliyense, mzindawu ndiye mphoto yayikulu. Pamene a Dani adalanda mzindawu ndi malo oyandikana nawo m'zaka za zana la 9, King Alfred adayenera kuwapatsa malo ofunikira kum'mawa kwa London posinthana ndi likulu.
6. Mu 1013 a Danes adagonjetsanso London. Anthu aku Norway, omwe adaitanidwa kuti athandizidwe ndi a King Ethelred, adawononga London Bridge m'njira yoyambirira. Anamangirira zombo zawo zambiri kuzipilala za mlathowo, kudikirira mafunde ndikutha kugwetsa mtsempha waukulu wazoyendera mzindawo. Ethelred adapezanso likulu, ndipo pambuyo pake London Bridge idapangidwa ndi miyala, ndipo idakhala zaka zoposa 600.
7. Malinga ndi mwambo womwe udakalipo kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 11 mpaka lero, ku Khothi la Chuma, eni malo ogwirizana amalipira msonkho ndi nsapato zachitsulo ndi misomali ya nsapato.
8. Westminster Abbey ili ndi mchenga kuchokera kuphiri la Sinai, piritsi lochokera modyera a Yesu, nthaka kuchokera ku Kalvari, mwazi wa Khristu, tsitsi la St. Peter ndi chala cha St. Paul. Malinga ndi nthano, usiku usanachitike kudzipereka kwa tchalitchi choyambirira chomwe chidamangidwa pamalo abbey, Saint Peter adawonekera kwa munthu yemwe anali akuwedza pamtsinje. Anapempha msodziyo kuti apite naye kukachisi. Pamene Peter adadutsa pakhomo la tchalitchicho, chidawunikira ndikuwala kwamakandulo chikwi.
Westminster Abbey
9. Mafumu nthawi zonse amayesa kuletsa kudziyimira pawokha kwa London (mzindawu unali ndi udindo wapadera kuyambira nthawi ya Roma). Anthu akumatauniwo sanakhalebe ndi ngongole. Pamene King John adakhazikitsa misonkho yatsopano ndikugawa malo angapo aboma komanso nyumba mu 1216, anthu olemera m'matawuni adapeza ndalama zambiri ndikubweretsa Prince Louis waku France kuti amuveke korona m'malo mwa John. Sizinabwere kugulu lachifumu - John adamwalira mwachilengedwe, mwana wake Henry III adakhala mfumu, ndipo Louis adatumizidwa kunyumba.
10. M'zaka za zana la 13, panali opemphapempha 2,000 kwa anthu 40,000 ku London.
11. Chiwerengero cha anthu aku London m'mbiri yonse ya mzindawu chawonjezeka osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwachilengedwe, koma chifukwa chakufika kwa nzika zatsopano. Mkhalidwe wamzindawu sunali woyenera kukula kwachilengedwe. Mabanja okhala ndi ana ambiri anali osowa.
12. Mchitidwe wa zilango mu Middle Ages udakhala mutu wa tawuni, ndipo London ndikudula njira zomaliza komanso zosiyanasiyana za chilango cha imfa sizinali zosiyana. Koma achifwambawo anali ndi mpata - amatha kuthawira kumpingo umodzi masiku 40. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, wopalamulayo amatha kulapa ndipo m'malo mophedwa, amangochotsedwa mumzinda.
13. Mabelu aku London anali kulira osalira nthawi, osakumbukira chochitika chilichonse, komanso osayitanira anthu ku msonkhano. Munthu aliyense mumzindawu amatha kukwera nsanja iliyonse yamabelu ndikukonzekera nyimbo zake. Anthu ena, makamaka achinyamata, amayimba foni nthawi ndi nthawi. Anthu okhala ku London anali atazolowera chikhalidwe chotere, koma alendo anali osasangalala.
14. Mu 1348, mliriwu udapha anthu aku London pafupifupi theka. Patatha zaka 11, kuukirako kunabweranso mumzinda. Mpaka theka la malo amzindawu anali opanda munthu. Mbali inayi, ntchito ya ogwira ntchito omwe adatsalayi idakhala yamtengo wapatali kwambiri kotero kuti adatha kusamukira pakatikati pa mzindawo. Mliri waukulu mu 1665 m'mawu ochepa sunaphe, 20% yokha ndiomwe adamwalira, koma powerengera, kuchuluka kwa omwe adafa anali anthu 100,000.
15. Moto Wamkulu waku London mu 1666 sunali wapadera. Pokhapokha m'zaka za zana la 8 ndi 13th mzinda udawotchedwa pamiyeso yayikulu kasanu ndi kamodzi. M'mbuyomu kapena pambuyo pake, moto umalinso wamba. Moto wa 1666 unayamba pamene mliri wa mliriwo unali utangoyamba kuzimiririka. Anthu ambiri opulumuka ku London adalibe pokhala. Kutentha kwa lawi kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti chitsulocho chimasungunuka. Chiwerengero cha omwalira chinali chotsika chifukwa moto udayamba pang'onopang'ono. Anthu osauka omwe adakwanitsa kupanga ndalama adanyamula komanso kunyamula katundu wa olemera omwe adathawa. Kubwereka ngolo kumatha kutenga ndalama makumi mapaundi pamlingo wochepa kuwirikiza 800.
Moto Waukulu wa London
16. M'zaka zamakedzana ku London panali mzinda wa matchalitchi. Panali matchalitchi a parishi 126 okha, komanso panali nyumba zambiri za amonke ndi matchalitchi. Panali misewu yochepa kwambiri yomwe simungamapeze tchalitchi kapena nyumba ya amonke.
17. Kale mu 1580, Mfumukazi Elizabeth idapereka lamulo lapadera, lomwe limafotokoza kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa London (ndiye kuti panali anthu 150-200,000 mumzindawu). Lamuloli linaletsa zomangamanga zatsopano mumzindawu komanso pamtunda wa makilomita atatu kuchokera pazipata zilizonse zamzindawu. Ndikosavuta kuganiza kuti lamuloli lidanyalanyazidwa kuyambira pomwe limasindikizidwa.
18. Malinga ndi kufotokoza kodabwitsa kwa m'modzi mwa alendo, panali mitundu iwiri yamisewu ku London - matope amadzi ndi fumbi. Chifukwa chake, nyumba ndi odutsa anali wokutidwa ndi dothi kapena fumbi. Kuwononga mpweya kunafika pachimake m'zaka za zana la 19, pomwe malasha adagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsera. M'misewu ina, mwaye ndi mwaye zidadyedwa mu njerwa kotero kuti zinali zovuta kumvetsetsa komwe msewu umathera komanso nyumba imayambira, chilichonse chinali chamdima komanso chonyansa.
19. Mu 1818 chotetera chidaphulika mu Horseshoe Brewery. Pafupifupi matani 45 a mowa anaphulika. Mtsinjewo unakokolola anthu, ngolo, makoma ndi zipinda zapansi zomwe zinasefukira, anthu 8 anamira.
20. M'zaka za zana la 18, nkhumba 190,000, ng'ombe 60,000, nkhosa 70,000 ndi matani pafupifupi 8,000 a tchizi ankadyedwa chaka chilichonse ku London. Ndi wantchito wopanda luso amalandira 6p patsiku, tsekwe wokazinga amawononga 7p, mazira khumi ndi awiri kapena mbalame zazing'ono 1p, ndi mwendo wa nkhumba 3p. Nsomba ndi zamoyo zina zam'madzi zinali zotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Msika ku London
21. Kufanana koyamba ndi malo ogulitsira amakono anali Msika wa Stokes, womwe udawonekera ku London mu 1283. Nsomba, nyama, zitsamba, zonunkhira, nsomba zinagulitsidwa pafupi, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti zopangidwa kumeneko ndizabwino kwambiri.
22. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, nthawi yamasana ku London yakhala ikupita patsogolo. M'zaka za zana la 15, adadya nthawi ya 10 koloko m'mawa. Chapakati pa zaka za zana la 19, adadya nthawi ya 8 kapena 9 koloko madzulo. Akatswiri ena amati izi zidatsika chifukwa cha kutsika kwamakhalidwe.
23. Amayi adayamba kuyendera malo odyera aku London koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, pomwe malo awa adayamba kufanana ndi omwe tidazolowera. Nyimbo m'malesitilanti zidayamba kumveka m'ma 1920.
24. Wodziwika bwino ku London m'zaka za zana la 18 anali Jack Shepherd. Anadziwika chifukwa chakutha kuthawa m'ndende yoyipa ya Newgate kasanu ndi kamodzi. Ndendeyi inali chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ku London kotero kuti inali nyumba yoyamba yayikulu yomangidwanso pambuyo pa Moto Wamkulu. Kutchuka kwa Shepherd kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti akuluakulu ochokera ku Child Employment Commission adavomereza kuti ana a anthu osauka samadziwa kuti Mose ndi ndani kapena kuti mfumukazi idalamulira chiyani ku England, koma amadziwa bwino zomwe Shepherd adachita.
25. Apolisi apakati, wotchedwa Scotland Yard, sanawonekere ku London mpaka 1829. Izi zisanachitike, apolisi ndi ofufuza ankagwira ntchito mosiyana m'maboma amzindawu, ndipo mawayilesiwo amangoonekera mwakufuna kwawo.
Mpaka chaka cha 1837, zigawenga zomwe zimachita zolakwa zazing'ono, monga kugulitsa zinthu zotsika mtengo, kufalitsa mphekesera zabodza kapena zachinyengo zazing'ono, zimayikidwa pamtengo. Nthawi yolanga inali yochepa - maola ochepa. Omvera anali vuto. Anadzikundikira pasadakhale ndi mazira owola kapena nsomba, zipatso zowola ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kapena miyala yokha ndikuchita nayo mwakhama kuwaponya kwa omwe atsutsidwa.
27. Zinthu zopanda ukhondo zidazunza London nthawi yonse yomwe idakhalapo Aroma atachoka. Kwa zaka chikwi, kunalibe zimbudzi zaboma mumzinda - zinayambanso kukonzedwa m'zaka za zana la 13. Ma Kites anali mbalame zopatulika - sakanakhoza kuphedwa, chifukwa zimayamwa zinyalala, zovunda ndi zinyalala. Chilango ndi chindapusa sizinathandize. Msikawu udathandizira pamalingaliro ambiri amawu. M'zaka za zana la 18th, feteleza adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama muulimi ndipo pang'onopang'ono milu yochokera ku London idazimiririka. Ndipo dongosolo loyendetsa zimbudzi loyambira linagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma 1860 okha.
28. Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mahule ku London kudayamba m'zaka za zana la 12. Uhule unakula bwino limodzi ndi mzindawu. Ngakhale m'zaka za zana la 18, zomwe, chifukwa cha zolemba, zimaonedwa ngati zoyera komanso zoyera, mahule 80,000 azimuna ndi akazi adagwira ntchito ku London. Nthawi yomweyo, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali kulangidwa.
29. Chipolowe chachikulu kwambiri chidachitika ku London mu 1780 Nyumba Yamalamulo itapereka lamulo lolola Akatolika kugula malo. Zinkawoneka kuti anthu onse a ku London anali kuchita nawo ziukirazo. Mzindawu unadzaza ndi misala. Opandukawo adawotcha nyumba zambiri, kuphatikiza ndende ya Newgate. Moto woposa 30 udayakira mzindawo nthawi yomweyo. Kupanduka kunatha palokha, aboma amangomanga zigawenga zomwe zinabwera.
30. London Underground - wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuyenda kwa masitima pamenepo kunayamba mu 1863. Mpaka 1933, mizereyo idamangidwa ndi makampani osiyanasiyana, ndipo pokhapokha Dipatimenti Yoyendetsa Apaulendo idawasonkhanitsa pamodzi.
