Zilembo ndicho chinsinsi chodziwira. Kuphunzira zilembo, timapanga gawo loyambirira komanso lodziwika bwino lodziwana bwino ndi sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, timakhala ndi chida chosasunthika chodziwira zatsopano.
Amakhulupirira kuti afabeti yoyamba yoyambira kalembedwe idayamba m'zaka za zana la 13 BC. e., pomwe Afoinike anasintha mwanzeru pazizindikiro zosonyeza mawu kukhala zikwangwani zosonyeza phokoso. Pafupifupi zilembo zonse zomwe zidalipo ndi mbadwa za zilembo za Afoinike kapena Akanani. M'mafabeti a Afoinike, zilembo zimangotanthauza makonsonanti okha ndipo zinali zokwanira. Komabe, ngakhale mu Russian chamakono, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa malembo kumakhalabe kosamveka ngati kungolembedwa m'makalata okha.
Mbiri ya zilembo za Chirasha zitha kutsatiridwa momveka bwino. Zimachokera ku zilembo za Chibulgaria za Cyrillic, zomwe Cyril ndi Methodius adazisintha pang'onopang'ono, koyamba kuzilankhulo zakale za Slavonic, kenako ku Old Russian. Zilembo zaku Russia zidapangidwa ngati chamoyo - zilembo zatsopano zidawonekera, zina sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kapena zosafunikira kwenikweni zimasowa. Mtundu waposachedwa wa zilembo zaku Russia ukhoza kukhala wakale wa 1942. Kenako kugwiritsa ntchito kalata "ё" kunakhala kovomerezeka, motsatana, mu zilembo panali zilembo 33.
Nazi zina zosangalatsa zokhudza zilembo zaku Russia:
1. Zilembo za Cyrillic zinali ndi zilembo 49. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, chiwerengero chawo chidatsika mpaka 32, kenako chidakulanso pang'ono chifukwa cha "e".
2. Nthawi zambiri chilembo "o" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Chirasha. Kalata yosowa kwambiri yolemba ku Russia ndichizindikiro chovuta.
3. Kalata "o" ndi wamkulu zaka 2,000 kuposa zilembo zonse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 8 m'mawu oti "chitetezo chazitetezo".
4. Kalata "y" imatenga malo okwera 23 m'malo mwa 33 pafupipafupi pakagwiritsidwe, koma mawu 74 okha ndi omwe amayamba nawo.
5. Palibe mawu pachiyankhulo cha Russia omwe ali ndi zizindikilo zofewa komanso zolimba ndi "s".
6. Kalata "f" imangopezeka m'mawu ochokera kwina.
7. Peter I, pokonzanso kalembedwe, adachotsa zilembo "xi", "omega" ndi "psi" pa zilembo. Mfumuyo inkafuna kuchotsa makalata ena anayi ndi zilembo zonse, koma kutsutsa kwa ansembe kunali kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale Petro wolimba mtima adakakamizika kubwerera. Lomonosov pambuyo pake adayitanitsa kusintha kwa Peter I kutulutsa makalata kuchokera ku malaya aubweya wachisanu kulowa zovala zachilimwe.
8. Kalata "ё" idapangidwa mmbuyo mu 1783, koma pomalizira pake idaphatikizidwa mu zilembo zitatha zaka zana limodzi ndi theka. Dzina la ngwazi "Anna Karenina" anali "Levin". Ku Levin adasinthidwa dzina ndi omwe adasindikiza. Komabe, kenako Andrei Bely ndi Maria Tsvetaeva sanagwiritse ntchito kalatayo. Mu 1956 adasankhidwanso. Pa intaneti ya Russia, mikangano yoopsa yokhudza "yo" sinathe mpaka 2010.
9. Chizindikiro chokhazikika ndipo tsopano si kalata yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo chisanachitike kusintha kwa 1918, womutsogolera, wotchedwa "er", ndiye anali mwala wapangodya wa kuwerenga. Iyenera kuikidwa molingana ndi malamulo apadera kumapeto kwa mawu (koma osati onse) otsiriza ndi consonant. Panali oposa "ers" pafupifupi patsamba lililonse lamabuku. "Nthawi zonse" zotengedwa kuchokera mu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" zimatha kutenga masamba 70.
10. Pakukonzanso kwa 1918, zilembo ziwiri zomaliza zidachotsedwa mu zilembo, ndipo yomaliza inali "I". M'magawo ena, kusinthako kunamasuliridwa motere: "A Bolsheviks adayika umunthu wawo m'malo omaliza."
11. Kuchotsa kalata "mure" kuchokera mu zilembo kunatanthauziridwanso mofananira - boma latsopano lakana kudzoza Orthodox.
12. Zilembo za Cyrillic zinali zochokera pa zilembo zachi Greek, chifukwa chake dongosolo la zilembozi ndilofanana kwambiri ndi zilembo za Chirasha ndi Chigiriki. Ndi zilembo zosonyeza phokoso lomwe silili m'Chigiriki, Cyril ndi Methodius adachita mwachidule ndi zomveka - adaziyika patsogolo pa Greek zofananira ("b" pamaso pa "c", "g" patsogolo pa "z"), kapena kuziyika kumapeto kwa mndandandandawo ...
13. Kupatula magawo owerengedwa, mawu onse oyambira ndi "a" adabwerekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, "zilembo". Koma mawu oti "alifabeti" ndi achi Russia.
14. Wolemba odziwika Alexander Solzhenitsyn kale m'ma 1970 adapempha kuti abwezere "yat" ndi "er" mu zilembo zaku Russia.
15. Kalata "e" idawonekera mu zilembo mutabwereka mawu akunja ndi mawu ofanana. Izi zisanachitike, kunalibe kufunika kwake. Ngakhale pano, m'mawu ambiri, makamaka kumapeto, amasinthidwa ndi "e", mwachitsanzo, "pince-nez".
