Cathedral ya St.

Cathedral ya St.Mark ndi ngale ya zomangamanga ku Venice ndi Italy, cholengedwa chapadera chodziwika padziko lonse lapansi kuti ndichopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri pamatchalitchi aku Byzantine. Imachita chidwi ndiulemerero wake, kapangidwe kake kapangidwe kake, maluso ake okongoletsera, kukongoletsa kwamkati ndi mbiri yakale yosangalatsa.

Mbiri ya Cathedral ya St.

Komwe kuli zotsalira za St. Mark Mlaliki mpaka 828 unali mzinda wa Alexandria. Panthawi yopondereza zigawenga zomwe zidachitika kumeneko, opereka chilango achi Muslim adawononga matchalitchi ambiri achikhristu ndikuwononga malo opembedzerako. Kenako amalonda awiri ochokera ku Venice adadutsa pagombe la Alexandria kuti ateteze zotsalira za St. Mark pakuwonongeka ndikupita nazo kwawo. Kuti adutse miyambo, adagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo, kubisa dengu ndi zotsalira za St. Mark pansi pa mitembo ya nkhumba. Chiyembekezo chawo chakuti asilamu achikhalidwe cha Asilamu adanyoza nyama ya nkhumba chinali choyenera. Anawoloka malire bwinobwino.

Poyamba, zotsalira za mtumwiyu zidayikidwa mu mpingo wa St. Theodore. Malinga ndi lamulo la Doge Giustiniano Partechipazio, tchalitchi chidapangidwa kuti chiwasunge pafupi ndi Nyumba ya Doge. Mzindawu udatetezedwa ndi Saint Mark, chizindikiro chake ngati mkango wamapiko wagolide chidakhala chizindikiro cha likulu la dziko la Venetian Republic.

Moto womwe unasesa Venice m'zaka za zana la 11 ndi 11 udatsogolera kukumangidwanso kwa kachisi. Kumangidwanso kwake, pafupi ndi mawonekedwe amakono, kunamalizidwa mu 1094. Moto mu 1231 udawononga nyumba ya tchalitchicho, chifukwa chake ntchito yobwezeretsa idachitika, yomwe idatha ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa guwa lansembe mu 1617. Kachisi wamkuluyo kuchokera kunja komanso mkati adawoneka wokongola kwambiri kuposa wakale uja, wokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli za oyera mtima, angelo ndi ofera akulu, zokongoletsa modabwitsa zaluso.

Tchalitchichi chinakhala malo opembedza kwambiri ku Venetian Republic. Kulamulidwa kwa Doges kunachitika mmenemo, oyendetsa sitima odziwika adalandira madalitso, akuyenda maulendo ataliatali, anthu akumatauni amasonkhana masiku a zikondwerero ndi zovuta. Lero limakhala pampando wa Patriarch wa ku Venetian ndipo ndi UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Zomangamanga za tchalitchi chachikulu

Cathedral ya Atumwi Khumi ndi awiri adakhala chiwonetsero cha Cathedral of St. Kapangidwe kake kamakhazikitsidwa pamtanda wachi Greek, womalizidwa ndi dome lopaka pakati pa mphambano ndi nyumba zinayi m'mbali mwa mtanda. Kachisi wokhala ndi malo okwana 4,000 mita lalikulu amathamangira mpaka 43 mita.

Kukonzanso kambiri mu tchalitchichi kwaphatikizana mogwirizana masitayilo angapo amapangidwe.

Zojambulazo zimagwirizana mogwirizana ndi miyala ya mabulo akum'mawa ndi zifaniziro zaku Romanesque ndi Greek. Mizati yaku Ionia ndi ku Korinto, mitu yayikulu ya chi Gothic ndi zifanizo zambiri zimapatsa kachisi ulemu.

Pakatikati chakumadzulo kwa façade, chidwi chimayang'aniridwa pamakomo asanu okongoletsedwa ndi ma tympans ojambula zithunzi za mzaka za zana la 18, zojambulajambula zakale kuyambira nthawi zakale mpaka nthawi zakale. Pamwamba pa façade yayikulu imakongoletsedwa ndi zikopa zoonda zomwe zidawonjezedwa zaka 6 zapitazo, ndipo pakatikati pa khomo pali chifanizo cha St. Mark, chozunguliridwa ndi angelo. Pansi pake, chithunzi cha mkango wamapiko chimawala ndimtambo wagolide.

Mbali yakumwera ndiyosangalatsa pamizati yazaka za zana lachisanu yokhala ndi zojambula mu kalembedwe ka Byzantine. Pakona lakunja kwachuma, ziboliboli za olamulira anayi a m'zaka za zana lachinayi, zochokera ku Constantinople, zimakopa diso. Zithunzi zokongola za ku Roma zomwe zidapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13 zimakongoletsa makoma akunja akachisi. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, nyumbayi idamalizidwa ndi khonde (XII century), Baptisty (XIV century) ndi sacristy (XV century).

Kukongoletsa kwamkati

Zokongoletsa mkati mwa Cathedral of St. Mark, zopangidwa mwanjira ya chikhalidwe cha ku Venetian, zimasangalatsa komanso zimalimbikitsa ena mwauzimu. Zithunzizo mkati mwake zimadabwitsa ndi dera lalikululi komanso kukongola kwa utoto wokometsera womwe umaphimba malo, pamwamba pamakoma, minyumba ndi mabwalo. Kulengedwa kwawo kudayamba mu 1071 ndipo kudakhala pafupifupi zaka 8.

Zojambula za Narthex

Narthex ndi dzina la khonde la tchalitchi lomwe limatsogola kolowera kutchalitchichi. Cholumikizira chake ndi zithunzi zojambula bwino za m'Chipangano Chakale zidayamba zaka za 12th-13th. Pano mukuwona:

• Dome lonena za kulengedwa kwa dziko lapansi, lokongoletsedwa ndi masikelo agolide ndikukopa chidwi ndi chithunzi cha masiku 6 a chilengedwe cha dziko kuchokera m'buku la Genesis.
• Makoma azitseko zotsegulira khomo la kachisi amakopa chidwi ndi zojambulazo za moyo wamakolo awo, ana awo, zochitika za Chigumula ndi zochitika zina za m'Baibulo.
• Nyumba zitatu za Joseph kumpoto kwa narthex zimawonetsa magawo 29 kuchokera m'moyo wa m'Baibulo wa Joseph Wokongola. Pazinyalala zanyumba, zithunzi za aneneri okhala ndi mipukutu imawonekera, pomwe maulosi onena za mawonekedwe a Mpulumutsi alembedwa.
• Chipinda cha Mose chidapangidwa ndi zojambulajambula za zochitika 8 za zomwe mneneri Mose adachita.

Ziwembu zojambula mkati mwa tchalitchi chachikulu

Zojambula za tchalitchichi zimapitilizabe kufotokozera za narthex zokhudzana ndi chiyembekezo chakuwoneka kwa mesiya. Amawonetsera zochita za Yesu Khristu pamoyo wawo, moyo wa Theotokos Woyera kwambiri ndi Mlaliki Maliko:

• Kuchokera pachipinda chachikulu chapakati (chipinda chachitetezo cha tchalitchichi), Amayi a Mulungu amayang'ana panja, atazunguliridwa ndi aneneri. Mutu wakwaniritsidwa kwa maulosi umaperekedwa pazithunzi 10 zojambula pakhoma ndi zithunzi 4 pamwamba pa iconostasis, zopangidwa molingana ndi zojambula za Tintoretto yotchuka m'zaka za zana la XIV.
• Ma mosaic of the transverse nave (transept), onena za zochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Chipangano Chatsopano ndi madalitso a Yesu, adakhala chokongoletsera cha makoma ndi zipinda.
• Zithunzi zokongola zazitali zazitali zomwe zili pamwambapa zikuwonetsera zowawa zomwe Khristu adakumana nazo, kuyambira pakupachikidwa mpaka ku Chiukitsiro. Pakatikati pa dome, chithunzi cha Kukwera Kumwamba kwa Mpulumutsi chikuwonekera pamaso pa mamembala.
• Mu sacristy, pamwamba pamakoma ndi zipinda zam'nyumba zimakongoletsedwa ndi zojambulajambula za m'zaka za zana la 16th, zopangidwa molingana ndi zojambula za Titian.
• Zojambulajambula ndi pansi pa matailosi amiyala amitundu yambiri, okhala ndi zojambulidwa ndi mitundu yazomera zosonyeza anthu okhala padziko lapansi.

Guwa lansembe lagolide

Choyimira chamtengo wapatali cha Cathedral of St. Mark ndi Venice chimawerengedwa kuti "guwa lagolide" - Pala D'Oro, lomwe lidapangidwa pafupifupi zaka 500. Kutalika kwa chilengedwe chapadera chamipembedzo kumapitilira 2.5 mita, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 3.5 mita. Guwalo limakopa chidwi ndi zithunzi 80 mu chimango chagolide, chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yambiri. Imakhudza malingaliro ndi timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta 250 tomwe timapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera.

Pakatikati pa guwalo adapatsidwa Pantokrator - mfumu yakumwamba, wokhala pampando wachifumu. M'mbali mwake wazunguliridwa ndi medall yozungulira ndi nkhope za atumwi-alaliki. Pamwamba pamutu pake pali medallions okhala ndi angelo akulu komanso akerubi. Pamizere yapamwamba ya iconostasis pali zithunzi zokhala ndi mitu ya uthenga wabwino, kuchokera pazithunzi zomwe zili m'mizere yapansi makolo akale, ofera chikhulupiriro komanso aneneri amawoneka. M'mbali mwa guwa lansembe, zithunzi za moyo wa St. Mark zikutsatira mozungulira. Chuma cha paguwalo chimapezeka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuwona zonse ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwaumulungu.

Bell Tower ya Saint Mark

Pafupi ndi Cathedral of St. Mark pali Campanile - tchalitchi chachikulu chachitetezo chokhala ngati nsanja yayitali. Amatsirizidwa ndi belfry wokhala ndi spire, pomwe pamakhala chithunzi chamkuwa cha Angelo Akuluakulu. Kutalika konse kwa belu nsanja ndi mamita 99. Nzika zaku Venice mwachikondi zimatcha belu nsanja ya St. Mark kuti "mbuye wanyumba." M'mbiri yonse yakale kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 12, yakhala ngati nsanja, nyumba zowunikira, chowonera, belfry ndi malo okongoletsera owoneka bwino.

M'dzinja la 1902, belulo idagwa mwadzidzidzi, pambuyo pake mbali yokhayo ndi khonde la m'zaka za zana la 16 lokhala ndi zokongoletsa marble ndi bronze zomwe zidatsala. Akuluakulu a mzindawo adaganiza zobwezeretsa Campanile momwe idapangidwira. Bell tower yokonzedwanso inatsegulidwa mu 1912 ndi mabelu 5, imodzi mwa yomwe idapulumuka yoyambayo, ndipo inayi idaperekedwa ndi Papa Pius X. Bell tower imapereka chithunzi chodabwitsa cha Venice ndi zilumba zapafupi.

Zambiri zosangalatsa za Cathedral ya St.

• Ntchito yayikulu yomanga Tchalitchi cha San Marco idagwiritsa ntchito zipika pafupifupi zikwi zana, zomwe zimangolimba mwamphamvu ndi madzi.
• Kupitilira 8000 sq. M. Amakutidwa ndi zojambula pazithunzi zagolide. mamita a zipinda, makoma ndi zipinda zamkati za kachisi.
• "Guwa la nsembe lagolidi" limakongoletsedwa ndi ngale 1,300, emerald 300, miyala ya safiro 300, magarnet 400, ma amethyst 90, miyala yamtengo wapatali 50, topazi 4 ndi ma cameo awiri. Zotsalira za St. Mark zili m'malo odalirika.
• Ma medeli ndi timitengo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tinkakongoletsa guwalo zidasankhidwa ndi asitikali ankhondo ku nyumba ya amonke ya Pantokrator ku Constantinople panthawi yachinayi ndikupereka ku kachisi.
• Chuma cha tchalitchichi chikuwonetsa zotsalira zachikhristu, mphatso zochokera kwa apapa ndi zinthu pafupifupi 300 zopezedwa ndi a Venetian pakugonjetsedwa kwa Constantinople koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 13.
• Quadriga ya mahatchi amkuwa, opangidwa m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC ndi ziboliboli zachi Greek, amasungidwa mosungira chuma ku tchalitchi. Kope lanzeru la iwo limapezeka pamwambapa.
• Gawo la tchalitchichi ndi tchalitchi cha St. Isidore, cholemekezedwa ndi a Venetian. Mmenemo, pansi pa guwa, mupumule zotsalira za olungama.

Ili kuti tchalitchi chachikulu, maola otsegulira

Cathedral of St. Mark ikukwera pa Piazza San Marco pakati pa Venice.

Maola otsegulira:

• Cathedral - Novembala-Marichi kuyambira 9:30 mpaka 17:00, Epulo-Okutobala kuyambira 9:45 mpaka 17:00. Ulendowu ndi waulere. Kuyendera sikungodutsa mphindi 10.
• "Guwa la Golide" limatsegulidwa kuti liyendere: Novembala-Marichi kuyambira 9:45 am mpaka 4:00 pm, Epulo-Okutobala kuyambira 9:45 m'mawa mpaka 5:00 pm. Mtengo wamatikiti - mayuro awiri.
• Chuma cha kachisi chimatsegulidwa: Novembala-Marichi kuyambira 9:45 mpaka 16:45, Epulo-Okutobala kuyambira 9:45 mpaka 16:00. Matikiti amawononga ma euro atatu.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti tiyang'ane ku Cathedral ya St.

Lamlungu ndi tchuthi chapagulu, tchalitchi chachikulu chimatsegulidwa kwa alendo kuyambira 14:00 mpaka 16:00.

Kugwadira zotsalira za St. Mark, kuwona zojambula za m'zaka za zana la 13, zotsalira zochokera m'matchalitchi a Constantinople, zomwe zidakhala zikho zamakampeni ankhondo, pali mitsinje yambiri ya okhulupirira ndi alendo.

Onerani kanemayo: St Charles Lwanga Kisii Cathedral Church Choir - Tuingie nyumba ya bwana (November 2024).