Kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Minsk kuli tawuni yaying'ono ya Nesvizh, yomwe imakopa alendo ochokera ku Belarus konse ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo tsiku lililonse. Zakale ndi zomangamanga zomwe zili mdera laling'ono la mzinda ndizosangalatsa. Chimodzi mwazowonera ndizofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe - Nesvizh Castle, yomwe ili malo osungira zakale, yatetezedwa ndi UNESCO kuyambira 2006.
Mbiri ya Nesvizh Castle
Kumpoto kwa nyumba yachifumu yamakono, komwe kuli Old Park, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16 panali malo amitengo. Anali nyumba yachifumu ya banja la Kishka, omwe nthumwi zawo zidalamulira Nesvizh. A Radziwill omwe adayamba kulamulira adamanganso ndikulimbitsa nyumbayo. Koma mwini wotsatira, Nikolay Radziwill (Orphan), adaganiza zomanga nyumba yosagonjetseka yamiyala - linga lomwe lingateteze mwini wake komanso nzika zake kwa adani ambiri.
Tsiku la maziko a mwala wachifumu wa Nesvizh ndi 1583. Dzinalo la wopanga mapulani amatchedwa mwina, mwina anali Italiya G. Bernardoni, koma kufotokoza kwa mbiri yake kumabweretsa chisokonezo pamalingaliro awa.
Nyanja yayikulu yamakona anayi yokhala ndi kukula kwa 120x170 m idamangidwa m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Ushi. Kuti ateteze nyumbayi, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zanthawi zonse: zipilala zadothi zidatsanulidwa mozungulira, zomwe zimadutsa ngalande zakuya mpaka 4 mita kuya ndi 22 mita m'lifupi. sizinasokonekere, zidalimbikitsidwa ndi zomata zamitala 2. Popeza nyumba yachifumu ya Nesvizh idamangidwa pagombe lalitali la Usha ndipo mulingo wamadzi ake anali pansi pamadzi, kunali koyenera kupanga dziwe, dziwe ndi mayiwe kuti adzaze. Pakukweza madzi, mainjiniya adatha kuyendetsa ngalandezo, zomwe zidapatsa nyumbayi chitetezo chowonjezera.
Zida zodzitchinjiriza zimatumizidwa kuchokera kuma linga ena kapena kuponyera molunjika ku nyumbayi. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwa nkhondo yaku Russia ndi Chipolishi m'zaka za zana la 17, linga linali kale ndi mfuti 28 zamitundumitundu, zomwe zidathandiza kupirira kuzingidwa mobwerezabwereza kwa gulu lankhondo laku Russia.
Kudzitchinjiriza kwa a Sweden mu Nkhondo Yakumpoto mu Marichi 1706 kunatha chimodzimodzi, komabe mu Meyi gulu lotopa kale ndi anthu amtendere mwamtendere adapempha wamkulu wa linga kuti apereke. M'masabata awiri, a ku Sweden adawononga mzindawu komanso nyumba yachifumu, adanyamula mfuti ndi zida zina zambiri. Malinga ndi nthano ina, zida zozizira kapena mfuti zitha kukhala pansi pamadzi.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18, Nyumbayi anakhala chuma cha Ufumu wa Russia, koma Radziwill analoledwa kukhala kumeneko zina. Pa nkhondo ya 1812, Dominik Radziwill anagwirizana ndi French, iye anapereka Nesvizh Nyumbayi nyumba likulu la Jerome Bonaparte (m'bale wa Napoleon). Pa kuthawa kwa gulu lankhondo laku France, manejala wa nyumbayi, mwalamulo la eni ake, adabisala chuma chonse, koma pakuzunzidwa adawulula chinsinsi - adapereka malo osungira awo kwa wamkulu wa ku Russia Tuchkov ndi Colonel Knorring. Lero, mbali zina za chuma cha Radziwills zikuwonetsedwa m'malo osungirako zinthu zakale aku Belarusian, Ukraine ndi Russia, koma akukhulupirira kuti gawo lalikulu lazachuma lidatayika, ndipo komwe adakhalako sikudziwika.
Mu 1860, nyumba yachifumu ya Nesvizh yomwe idalandidwa idabwezedwa kwa wamkulu wa Prussian Wilhelm Radziwill. Mwini watsopanoyo adakulitsa nyumbayi, ndikusandutsa nyumba yachifumu yabwino, adayika malo okongola okhala ndi mahekitala 90, omwe amasangalatsa aliyense amene amabwera kuno ndi kuzizira kwawo ndi kukongola kwawo. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, oimira onse a banja la Radziwill omwe amabisala munyumbayi adatengedwa kupita ku Moscow, ngakhale pambuyo pake adamasulidwa ku Italy ndi England. Munthawi yaulamuliro waku Germany, likulu lidapezekanso mnyumba yayikulu yopanda anthu, nthawi ino likulu la "tank" General Guderian.
Nkhondo itatha, akuluakulu aku Belarus adakhazikitsa chipatala "Nesvizh" mnyumbayi, yomwe inali pansi pa NKVD (KGB). Chiyambireni kugwa kwa USSR, ntchito yobwezeretsa idayamba ku Nesvizh Castle kukhazikitsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Zitseko zake zidatsegulidwa kuti azichezera misa mu 2012.
Museum "Nesvizh Castle"
Kuti muziyenda mozungulira gawo lalikulu la nyumba yachifumu ndi paki popanda kufulumira komanso kukangana, muyenera kubwera ku Nesvizh mkati mwa sabata. Poterepa, kuwona malo kudzakhala osamala kwambiri. Kumapeto kwa sabata, makamaka nthawi yotentha, pamakhala alendo ambiri, choncho nthawi zambiri pamzere pamatikiti pakhomo.
Kuchulukitsa anthu sikuletsedwa pabwalo lachifumu komanso mkati mwa malo ndi zipinda, chifukwa chake, kuti mutumikire aliyense, nthawi yamaulendo imachepetsedwa mpaka maola 1-1.5. Pakhomo, amalipiritsa, amapereka "audio guide" ntchito, kuphatikizapo m'zinenero zakunja. Poterepa, mutha kuyendera nyumbayo nokha popanda kulowa nawo magulu azomwe mukuyendera. Pamasiku otentha, kuyenda m'mapaki kumakhala kosangalatsa makamaka, komwe kuli mitengo, zitsamba zokongola, ndi mabedi amaluwa. Mapaki okongola kwambiri amakhala mchaka ndi nthawi yophukira.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nyumba yachifumu ya Dracula.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zachikhalidwe zakale, Nesvizh Castle imapereka zochitika zachilendo:
- Miyambo yaukwati.
- Chochitika "Kufunsira kwa dzanja", "Tsiku lobadwa".
- Chithunzi chaukwati ndi kujambula kanema.
- Zithunzi zokongoletsa zovala.
- Maulendo aku zisudzo.
- Zolemba zakale pamitu yosiyanasiyana ya ana ndi akulu.
- Nkhani zaku Museum ndi maphunziro asukulu.
- Kubwereka chipinda chamisonkhano.
- Renti yodyera pamaphwando.
Ponseponse, maholo owonetsera a 30 ndiotsegulidwa kwa anthu onse m'malo owonera zakale, iliyonse yomwe ndiyapadera, ili ndi dzina lake, pafupi ndi kapangidwe koyambirira. Nthawi zonse pamaulendo, otsogolera amatchula nthano zachifumu, mwachitsanzo, za Black Lady - wokonda poizoni wa mfumu yaku Poland. Moyo wopanda chiyembekezo wa Barbara Radziwill umakhala munyumbayi ndipo umawonekera pamaso pa anthu ngati vuto lamavuto.
Kuphatikiza pa maulendo a tsiku ndi tsiku, nyumbayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, zikondwerero zokongola, zovina komanso zoimbaimba. Alendo obwera masiku angapo amakhala usiku wonse mumzinda komanso mu hotelo ya "Palace" yomwe ili m'dera la malo owonetserako zakale. Hotelo yaying'ono yosangalatsa imatha kukhala ndi alendo 48.
Momwe mungafikire kumeneko, maola otsegulira, mitengo yamatikiti
Njira yosavuta yofikira kunyumba yachifumu ya Nesvizh ndi pagalimoto. Minsk ndi Brest amalumikizidwa ndi msewu waukulu wa M1 (E30), muyenera kuyendabe. Mtunda kuchokera ku Minsk kupita ku Nesvizh ndi 120 km, kuchokera ku Brest kupita ku Nesvizh - 250 km. Powona cholozera cha mseu wa P11, muyenera kutsegukira. Muthanso kupita kumalo owonera zakale kuchokera ku Minsk pabasi yanthawi zonse kuchokera kokwerera mabasi kapena pa taxi. Njira ina ndi sitima ya Minsk, koma pankhaniyi pokwerera. Gorodeya adzasintha ndi taxi kapena basi kupita ku Nesvizh. Adilesi yoyang'anira oyang'anira zakale ndi Nesvizh, msewu wa Leninskaya, 19.
Museum Museum ndiyotsegulidwa kuti izitha kuyendera chaka chonse. M'nyengo yotentha, kuyambira 10 am mpaka 7 koloko masana, m'nyengo yozizira, ndandanda imapita patsogolo ndi ola limodzi. Mu 2017, mtengo wamatikiti malinga ndi ma Belarusian ruble kupita ku Russian rubles pafupifupi:
- Nyumba yoyimba: akulu - 420 ruble, ophunzira ndi ophunzira - 210 rubles. (matikiti kumapeto kwa sabata ndi ma ruble 30 okwera mtengo).
- Kuwonetsedwa ku Town Hall: akulu - ma ruble a 90, ophunzira ndi ophunzira - ma ruble a 45.
- Chitsogozo chomvera ndi chithunzi muzovala zakale - ma ruble 90.
- Museum maphunziro a gulu la anthu 25 - 400-500 rubles.
