Milan Cathedral ikuyimira kunyada kwenikweni kwa anthu onse aku Italiya, koma kukongola kwake sikupezeka kwenikweni pamlingo wokulirapo ngati zazing'ono kwambiri. Ndi ma nuances awa omwe ndiye kukongoletsa kwenikweni kwa nyumbayo, opangidwa kalembedwe ka Gothic. Wina ayenera kungoyang'ana nkhope zambiri, zolinga za m'Baibulo, zojambula, ndipo mumayamba kumvetsetsa kuzama kwa mzere uliwonse, komanso zifukwa zomangira komanso kukongoletsa kwanthawi yayitali.
Mayina ena a Milan Cathedral
Tchalitchichi ndichokopa kwambiri mumzinda, chifukwa chake dzina lomwe likupezeka pano limapezekanso m'mapulogalamu apaulendo. M'malo mwake, ndi chizindikiro cha Milan, ndichifukwa chake adatchedwa Duomo di Milano. Nzika zaku Italy zimakonda kuyitcha malo awo opatulika kuti Duomo, omwe amatanthauzidwa kuti "tchalitchi chachikulu".
Tchalitchichi chimakhalanso ndi dzina lolemekeza Namwali Maria, woyang'anira mzindawo. Zikumveka ngati Santa Maria Nachente. Pamwamba pa tchalitchi chachikulu pali chifanizo cha Saint Madonna, chomwe chimawoneka m'malo osiyanasiyana a Milan.
Makhalidwe onse atchalitchichi
Chikumbutso cha zomangamanga chili pakatikati pa Milan. Malo oyang'anizana ndi Milan Cathedral amatchedwa Cathedral, kuchokera pano mawonekedwe odabwitsa a nyumbayo okhala ndi ma spiers ambiri amatseguka. Ngakhale kuphatikiza masitaelo, a Gothic ndiwodabwitsa, pomwe tchalitchi chonse chimapangidwa ndi miyala yoyala yoyera, yomwe sapezeka konse munyumba zina zofananira ku Europe.
Tchalitchichi chinamangidwa zaka zoposa 570, koma tsopano chimatha kukhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 40,000. Tchalitchichi ndi chachikulu mamita 158 m'litali ndi mainchesi 92. Mpweya wapamwamba kwambiri umakwera kumwamba utali wa mamita 106. Ndipo, ngakhale kukula kwa mipandoyi ndi kochititsa chidwi, ndichosangalatsa kwambiri kuti ndi ziboliboli zingati zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizikongoletsa. Chiwerengero cha zifaniziro pafupifupi mayunitsi 3400, ndipo pali zokongoletsa zochulukirapo.
Zozizwitsa zakale za a Duomo
Mbiri ili ndi akachisi akale akale, popeza ambiri a iwo adawonongedwa mzaka mazana zotsatira. Milan Cathedral ndi m'modzi mwa oimira zaka zana zapitazo, ngakhale kuli kovuta kunena kuchokera pamangidwe. Tchalitchichi chimawerengedwa kuti ndikumanga kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa maziko ake adayamba kumangidwa mu 1386.
Asanamange gawo loyamba la zomangamanga, malo ena opatulika adayimilira pamalo pomwe panali tchalitchi chamtsogolo, m'malo mwa wina ndi mzake pomwe gawolo lidalandidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwa kuloŵerera m'malo amadziwika:
- kachisi wa Aselote;
- Kachisi wachiroma wa mulungu wamkazi Minerva;
- Mpingo wa Santa Takla;
- tchalitchi cha Santa Maria Maggiore.
Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa a Duke Gian Galeazzo Visconti, adaganiza zopanga chilengedwe chatsopano mmaonekedwe achi Gothic, popeza padalibe chilichonse chonga ichi kudera lino la Europe. Wopanga mapulani woyamba anali Simone de Orsenigo, koma samatha kulimbana ndi ntchito yomwe adapatsidwa. Nthawi zingapo omwe amapanga ntchitoyi adasinthana: Ajeremani adasankhidwa, kenako aku France, kenako adabwerera ku Italiya. Pofika mu 1417 guwa lalikulu linali litakonzeka kale, lomwe linapatulidwa ngakhale nyumba yonse ya kachisi isanamangidwe.
Mu 1470 Juniforte Sopari adapatsidwa ntchito yofunika kuti amange tchalitchi chachikulu. Kuti apange mawonekedwe apaderadera, womangamanga nthawi zambiri amapempha upangiri kwa Donato Bramante ndi Leonardo da Vinci. Zotsatira zake, adaganiza kuti achepetse Gothic okhwima ndi zinthu za Renaissance zomwe zinali mu mafashoni nthawi imeneyo. Zinali zaka zana limodzi pambuyo pake, mu 1572, pomwe Milan Cathedral idatsegulidwa, ngakhale sinali yokongoletsedwa bwino. Kuchokera pazofotokozera zochitika zakale zimadziwika kuti mu 1769 zida zowoneka bwino kwambiri zidakhazikitsidwa, ndipo chithunzi chovekedwa cha Madonna chokhala ndi kutalika kwa 4 m chinawonekera.
Pansi paulamuliro wa Napoleon, Carlo Amati ndi Juseppe Zanoya adasankhidwa kukhala akatswiri opanga mapangidwe oyang'ana Cathedral Square. Amisiri atsopanowa adatsata lingaliro la ntchitoyi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale ma spiers opitilira 100. "Singano" izi zidafanana ndi nkhalango yamiyala yodabwitsa, yomwe ikufanana kwambiri ndi Gothic woyaka moto. Ntchito zawo zidakhala gawo lomaliza pakupanga tchalitchi chachikulu. Zowona, zokongoletsa zina zidayambitsidwa pambuyo pake.
Anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti zidatenga zaka zingati kuti amange Milan Cathedral, poganizira zokongoletsa zonse, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa tsatanetsatane kumatsimikizira kulimba kwa ntchitoyi. Zaka zonse zinali 579. Ndi nyumba zochepa zokha zomwe zitha kudzitama ndi njira yayitali komanso yayitali yopanga luso lapadera.
Kapangidwe ka tchalitchi chachikulu chotchuka
Duomo amatha kudabwitsa alendo onse ndi magwiridwe ake achilendo. Mutha kukhala maola ambiri mukuyang'ana pazithunzi zake ndi ziboliboli zikwizikwi ndi zolemba zonse za m'Baibulo, zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri kotero kuti ngwazi iliyonse imawoneka yodzaza ndi moyo. Zimakhala zovuta kuphunzira zokongoletsa zonse za tchalitchi chachikulu, popeza zambiri zili pamwambapa, koma zithunzizi zithandiza kuwona bwino kapangidwe kake. Pampanda umodzi, pamakhala malo olembapo mayina a akulu akulu a mzindawo, omwe mndandanda wawo udasungidwa kwanthawi yayitali kwambiri. Komabe, padakali malo olembera zatsopano za oimira mpingo mtsogolo.
Zodabwitsa zambiri zabisika mkati mwa Cathedral ya Milan. Choyamba, pali zokopa zachilendo pano - msomali womwe Yesu adapachikidwapo. Pa mwambowu polemekeza Kukwezedwa kwa Holy Cross ya Ambuye, mtambo wokhala ndi msomali ukutsikira paguwa kuti upatse chochitikacho chizindikiro china.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za Cologne Cathedral.
Chachiwiri, kachisiyu amagwiritsa ntchito bafa yaku Aigupto kuyambira mzaka za 4th ngati font. Chofunikanso kwambiri ndi chifanizo cha St. Bartholomew ndi mausoleum a Gian Giacomo Medici.
Chachitatu, kukongoletsa kwamkati kumakhala kolemera komanso kokongola kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuti musanyalanyaze. Mizati ikuluikulu imapita kutali kwambiri, kupenta ndi stucco kuli paliponse. Kukongola kwakukulu kumagona m'mawindo, pomwe mawindo a magalasi opangidwa amapangidwa m'zaka za zana la 15. Zithunzizi sizingathe kufotokoza utoto wamtunduwu monga zimawonekera ndikupezeka m'kachisi.
Kapangidwe ka tchalitchichi ndikuti mutha kuyenda padenga ndikusilira likulu lakale. Wina amayang'ana zokongoletsazo ndi ziboliboli, wina amasilira zojambulazo, ndipo wina amatenga zithunzi zosiyanasiyana atazunguliridwa ndi miyala ya miyala ya mabulo.
Zambiri zosangalatsa za kachisi wa Milan
Ku Milan, pali lamulo lapadera loletsa nyumba kuti zisasokoneze chifanizo cha Madonna. Pomwe ntchito yomanga nyumba zitalizitali za Pirelli zidayenera kunyalanyazidwa, koma kuti apewe lamuloli, adaganiza zoyika chifanizo chofananira cha mzindawu padenga la nyumba yamakono.
Pansi m'kachisimo munakutidwa ndi matailosi abulo okhala ndi zifanizo za zodiac. Amakhulupirira kuti kutentha kwa dzuwa kumagunda chithunzichi, amene amawayang'anira nthawi inayake pachaka. Kutengera ndi mauthenga omwe alandiridwa, lero pali kusiyana kwina ndi manambala enieni, omwe amakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa maziko.
Pali chindapusa cholowera ku Cathedral ya Milan, pomwe tikiti yokhala ndi chikepe imakhala yokwera mtengo kuwirikiza kawiri. Zowona, ndizosatheka kukana chiwonetserocho padenga, chifukwa kuchokera pamenepo moyo weniweni wa ku Milan umatsegulidwa ndi aku Italiya komanso alendo mumzinda. Musaiwale kuti izi sizongokopa alendo okha, koma koposa zonse, malo achipembedzo, pomwe azimayi ayenera kukhala ataphimbidwa mapewa ndi mawondo awo, ma T-shirts okhala ndi cutout nawonso ndi oletsedwa.
