Nyanja ya Baikal, Russia: zithunzi, kufotokoza, chilengedwe, mitsinje, nsomba * Zowoneka

Nyanja ya Baikal ndiye nyanja yamadzi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuposa 23,000 km³ yamadzi oyera amasungidwa mwakuya kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo, yomwe ndi 4/5 yazosungidwa zaku Russia zamadzimadzi ofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi 1/5 yazosungidwa padziko lapansi. Kukula kwake ndikodabwitsa: kutalika kuchokera kumwera chakumadzulo mpaka kumpoto chakum'mawa ndikoposa 700 km, m'lifupi ndi 25-80 km. Baikal ndi tchuthi chapadera. Pali nthano zambiri ndi nyimbo zokhudzana ndi dziwe. Mazana mazana apaulendo ochokera ku Russia ndi mayiko ena ambiri padziko lapansi akufuna kukayendera.

Where is Lake Chikukutu?

Ili pakatikati pa Asia, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Siberia. Pamadzi pa nyanja ndi malire a dera la Irkutsk ndi Republic of Buryatia. Maulalo ndi awa: 53 ° 13'00 ″ s. sh. 107 ° 45'00 "mkati. Mtunda kuchokera pagombe lakumwera kwa dziwe mpaka kumalire ndi Mongolia ndi 114 km, kumalire ndi China - 693 km. Mzindawu, womwe uli pafupi ndi Irkutsk (69 km kuchokera ku dziwe).

Flora ndi zinyama

Chikhalidwe cha Nyanja ya Baikal chimadabwitsa apaulendo. Kusungira madzi kumakhala mitundu yoposa 2,600 ya nyama ndi mbalame. Oposa 50% mwa iwo amapezeka kunyanjayi. M'mphepete mwa dziwe mumapezeka:

Zimbalangondo;
hares;
mimbulu;
mimbulu;
nkhandwe;
ziphuphu;
matumba;
nswala zofiira;
mapuloteni;
mphalapala;
nkhumba.

Mwa nyama zam'madzi, zisindikizo kapena zisindikizo zokha, monga amachitira a Buryats, zimakongoletsa mkanda wachilengedwe. Mosungira mwadzaza nsomba. Sambani pansi pa nyanja:

omuli (nsomba kuchokera ku mtundu wa nsomba);
imvi;
roach;
mbalame yamphongo;
burbot;
taimen;
lenki;
nsomba;
sorogi;
ma id ndi ma piki;
golomyanka.

Oimira omaliza a zinyama ndi apadera chifukwa chakuti nthenga zapadera zosambira zimatambalala m'thupi lonse. Minofu ya sirloin yawo ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mafuta. Pafupifupi nsomba zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambazi zitha kugwidwa kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Baikal ndi zida zapadera (ndodo, maukonde, ndi zina zambiri) ndikukhumba.

Zinyama za m'nyanjayi komanso magombe ake ndizodabwitsa. Pines, spruces, mkungudza, fir, birch, larch, basamu poplar ndi alder zimakula pafupi ndi dziwe. Pakati pa tchire, mbalame yamatcheri, currant ndi rosemary yakutchire ya ku Siberia ndizofala, zomwe masika onse amasangalatsa anthu ndi mtundu wokongola wa pink-lilac ndi fungo labwino.

Pakuya kulikonse kunyanjayi, mungapeze masiponji amadzi amchere - nyama zomwe zimangokhala ndi matumba osiyana siyana.

Zosangalatsa

Nyanja ya Baikal ili ndi voliyumu yayikulu osati chifukwa cha malo ake akuluakulu. Malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, dziwe lachilengedwe limangokhala malo achisanu ndi chiwiri padziko lapansi. Chitetezo cha madzi chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuya kwakukulu kwa beseni. Baikal ndiye nyanja yakuya kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pamalo amodzi, pansi ndi 1642 mita kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi. Kukula kwapakati ndi mamita 730. Kuti mudzaze kwathunthu mbaleyo, zikanakhala zofunikira kukakamiza mitsinje yonse yapadziko lapansi kuti ipereke madzi ake mkati mwa masiku 200.

Malinga ndi zomwe boma limafotokoza, mitsinje yoposa 300 imadutsa mu Nyanja ya Baikal. Koma ambiri a iwo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa mitsinje yolowera sikudutsa mita 50. Pali mitsinje ikuluikulu itatu yokha yomwe imanyamula madzi kupita kunyanjayi.Mtsinje umodzi wokha ndi womwe umatuluka m'nyanjayi - Angara.

Pali zilumba 36 zomwazikana pamadzi. Dera lalikulu kwambiri, Olkhon, ndi 730 km². M'mphepete mwake muli midzi iwiri ya asodzi: Yalga ndi Khuzhir.

Circum-Baikal Railway ikuyenda m'mphepete mwa gombe lakumwera - makina ovuta kwambiri, pomwe akumanga ma tunnel angapo, viaducts ndi milatho.

Vuto lalikulu la nyanjayi ndivuto loteteza zinyama ndi nyama kuchokera kwa anthu opha nyama mosavomerezeka. Chifukwa cha malo akulu osungiramo malo ndi madera oyandikana nawo, kupezeka pagombe lazigawo zazing'ono zambiri, ndizovuta kwambiri kutsata omwe akuphwanya malamulowo, ngakhale atakhala ndi njira zamakono zosakira mabwato ndi anthu.

Maholide ku 2019 pa Nyanja ya Baikal

Matawuni ndi matauni angapo opumirako abalalika m'mbali mwa magombe. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi iyi:

Listyanka - mudzi womwe uli pagwero la Angara. Ili ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zokha yomwe idaperekedwa kunyanjayi. Komanso m'mudzimo ndi madera ozungulira, alendo adzakonda Tchalitchi cha St.
Slyudyanka Ndi tawuni yaying'ono kumwera chakumadzulo. Ndiwotchuka ku Russia chifukwa chakupezeka kwa siteshoni ya njanji yomangidwa ndi nsangalabwi - poyambira Circum-Baikal Railway ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za mineralogical.
Goryachinsk - malo akale kwambiri panyanja. Idamangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18 motsogozedwa ndi Catherine II. Akasupe ake ndi abwino kuchiritsa, komanso malo ake okongola amchenga ojambula zithunzi. Zithunzi za malowa zitha kupezeka m'mabuku owongolera omwe adasindikizidwa mzaka za 19th.
Amphaka Aakulu - mudzi womwe uli pamtunda wa makilomita angapo kuchokera ku Listvyanka. Ili ndi Institute of Biology aquarium ndi migodi yakale yoyimirira pomwe golidi adakumbidwa zaka zoposa 100 zapitazo.
Malo a Peschanaya - malo apadera, ngodya yokhayo yanyengo ya Mediterranean ku Siberia. Ndizabwino kutchuthi cha chilimwe ndi "opusa" m'mahema, ndi moto wamoto ndi magitala.

Mabasi kapena sitima zapamtunda zimayenda pafupipafupi kumalo amenewa. Zina zonse zitha kufikiridwa ndi galimoto kapena matekisi okhazikika. Kutali kwa malo achisangalalo kuchokera kumalo akuluakulu oyendera anthu kumapangitsa kuti mtengo ukwere. Chifukwa chake, malo okwera kwambiri m'nyumba zogona alendo komanso m'malo azisangalalo amapezeka ku Slyudyanka, malo otsika kwambiri pagombe lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa nyanjayi.

Zoyenera kuchita poyandikira dziwe?

Imwani madzi amchere.Ena mwa pogwiritsa a Nyanja ya Baikal (Goryachinsk, Khakusy, Dzelinda) ndi balneological. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisempha yaminyewa, amanjenje, genitourinary, machitidwe amtima amatha kutenga malo osambira ndikumwa madzi amchere m'malo awa.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za Nyanja Nyos.

Pitani ku maulendo. Mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Baikal pali maulendo a maulendo mazana angapo. Nthawi zonse, mayendedwe onse omwe amapangidwa ndi atsogoleri ochokera kudera la Irkutsk ndi Republic of Buryatia atha kugawidwa:

mtundu;
mbiri yakomweko;
mbiri;
mbiri yachilengedwe.

Maulendo ambiri amachitika ndi anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amasangalala kuwonetsa malo apaulendo kuti ajambule zithunzi zabwino.

Pitani kukayenda. Misewu yodutsa, kudutsa m'nkhalango ndi mapiri pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Baikal, imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda m'magulu onse ovuta. Amatha masiku awiri mpaka 30. Kuyesa koteroko kumakupangitsani kuwona ndi maso anu kukongola konse kwachilengedwe, kupeza zokopa zambiri ndikupeza maluso ofunikira kuti mupulumuke (phunzirani kuyatsa moto, kuphika chakudya panja, kuwoloka mitsinje).

Sangalalani ndi nthawi yanu pamaulendo apamtunda. Pamwamba pa nyanja, maulendo masauzande angapo amapangidwa chaka chilichonse. Ena mwa iwo ndi cholinga chowonetsa alendo malo okongola kwambiri osungiramo malo ndi zokopa zomwe zili m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Baikal, ndipo zina ndizodzipereka kwambiri posodza. Maulendo oyenda panyanja amtundu woyamba amamangidwa kuti apaulendo athe kuwona madzi ndi magombe, kukaona malo osungiramo zinthu zakale otchuka kwambiri omwe ali pafupi ndi dziwe. Mtengo wamtundu wachiwiri wamaulendowu umaphatikizapo kubwereka zida zausodzi komanso ntchito za oyang'anira odziwa bwino komwe amadziwa komwe angapeze nsomba zamtengo wapatali komanso zokoma za Baikal.

Kusambira ndi kutentha dzuwa. Magombe a Nyanja ya Baikal ndi malo abwino kwambiri osambira komanso kufikapo. Makona ambiri amphepete mwanyanja amakhala okutidwa ndi mchenga wabwino kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi magombe amatentha mpaka + 17-19 ° C, aliyense ali ndi mwayi wosambira ndikumva kuyera ndi mphamvu kwa nyanja yayikuluyi ndi matupi awo.

Phunzirani masewera oopsa. Baikal ndi amodzi mwamalo omwe amakonda masewera achi Russia. M'chilimwe, ochita masewerawa amaphunzitsa pamwamba pa nyanja: