Mapiri a Ural, omwe amatchedwanso "Mwala Wamiyala wa Urals", akuyimiridwa ndi mapiri ozunguliridwa ndi zigwa ziwiri (East Europe ndi West Siberia). Magawo awa amakhala ngati cholepheretsa chachilengedwe pakati pa madera aku Asia ndi Europe, ndipo ndi ena mwamapiri akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zolemba zawo zimayimiriridwa ndi magawo angapo - kum'mwera, kumwera, kuzungulira, kumpoto ndi pakati.
Mapiri a Ural: ali kuti
Chikhalidwe cha malo amtunduwu chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kutalika kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera. Zitunda zimakongoletsa kontinenti ya Eurasia, makamaka yomwe imakhudza maiko awiri - Russia ndi Kazakhstan. Mbali ya massif imafalikira ku Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, madera a Chelyabinsk, Perm Territory, Bashkortostan. Maulalo achilengedwe - mapiri amayenda mofanana ndi Meridian ya 60.
Kutalika kwa mapiriwa kumapitilira 2500 km, ndipo kutalika kwenikweni kwa nsonga yayikulu ndi 1895 m. Kutalika kwapakati pamapiri a Ural ndi 1300-1400 m.
Mapiri okwera kwambiriwo ndi awa:
Malo okwera kwambiri ali pamalire omwe agawa Republic of Komi ndi gawo la Ugra (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug).
Mapiri a Ural amafika m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Arctic, kenako amabisala pansi pamadzi patali, ndikupitilira Vaigach ndi zilumba za Novaya Zemlya. Chifukwa chake, phirili limayambira kumpoto chakumtunda kwamakilomita ena 800. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa "Stone Belt" kuli pafupifupi 200 km. M'malo mwake imachepetsa mpaka 50 km kapena kupitilira apo.
Mbiri yoyambira
Akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka amanena kuti mapiri a Ural ali ndi njira yovuta yochokera, monga umboni wa miyala yosiyanasiyana yomwe imapangidwira. Mapiriwa amalumikizidwa ndi nthawi ya kupindika kwa Hercynian (kumapeto kwa Paleozoic), ndipo zaka zawo zimakhala zaka 600,000,000.
Dongosololi lidapangidwa ndi kugundana kwa mbale ziwiri zazikulu. Kuyamba kwa zochitikazi kunayambitsidwa ndi kuphulika kwa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi, pambuyo pakukula kwa nyanja yomwe idasowa pakapita nthawi.
Ofufuzawo amakhulupirira kuti makolo akutali amakono amasintha kwambiri pazaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Lero, zinthu zakhazikika m'mapiri a Ural, ndipo palibe mayendedwe ofunikira kuchokera pansi. Chivomerezi champhamvu chomaliza (chokhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 7 point) chidachitika mu 1914.
Chilengedwe ndi chuma cha "Stone Belt"
Mukakhala m'mapiri a Ural, mutha kusilira malingaliro owoneka bwino, kuchezera mapanga osiyanasiyana, kusambira m'madzi am'nyanjayi, kukhala ndi malingaliro a adrenaline akutsikira mitsinje yamadzi. Ndikosavuta kuzungulira pano mwanjira iliyonse - pagalimoto zapayokha, mabasi kapena wapansi.
Zinyama za "Stone Belt" ndizosiyanasiyana. M'malo momwe mitengo ya spruce imakula, imayimilidwa ndi mapuloteni omwe amadyetsa mbewu za mitengo ya coniferous. Nyengo yozizira ikafika, nyama zofiira zimadya zinthu zomwe zimakonzedwa zokha (bowa, mtedza wa paini). Martens amapezeka ambiri m'nkhalango zamapiri. Adaniwa amakhala pafupi ndi agologolo ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amawasaka.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuyang'ana kumapiri a Altai.
Mapiri a mapiri a Ural ali ndi ubweya wambiri. Mosiyana ndi anzawo akuda a ku Siberia, masabata a Urals ndi ofiira. Kusaka nyama izi ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo, zomwe zimawalola kuti ziberekane momasuka m'nkhalango zamapiri. M'mapiri a Ural, pali malo okwanira kuti mimbulu, akalulu, ndi zimbalangondo zizikhalamo. Malo osakanikirana a nkhalango ndi malo okondedwa a mbawala zamphongo. Madambo mumakhala nkhandwe ndi hares.
Mapiri a Ural amabisa mchere wochuluka mozama. Mapiri amadzaza ndi asibesitosi, platinamu, golide. Palinso madipoziti amtengo wapatali, golide ndi malachite.
Chikhalidwe cha nyengo
Ambiri mwa mapiri a Ural amakhala ndi malo ozizira. Ngati m'nyengo yachilimwe mumayenda mozungulira mapiri kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera, mutha kukonza kuti ziwonetsero za kutentha zimayamba kukulirakulira. M'chilimwe, kutentha kumasinthasintha pa + 10-12 madigiri kumpoto ndi + 20 kumwera. M'nyengo yozizira, zizindikilo za kutentha zimakhala ndi kusiyana kotsika. Ndi kuyamba kwa Januware, ma thermometers akumpoto akuwonetsa pafupifupi -20 ° C, kumwera - kuchokera -16 mpaka -18 madigiri.
Nyengo ya Urals imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mafunde am'mlengalenga omwe amafika kuchokera kunyanja ya Atlantic. Mvula yambiri (mpaka 800 mm mchaka) imadutsa m'malo otsetsereka akumadzulo. Kum'mawa, zizindikirozi zimachepa mpaka 400-500 mm. M'nyengo yozizira, kudera lamapirili kumayendetsedwa ndi chimphepo chochokera ku Siberia. Kum'mwera, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira, muyenera kudalira nyengo yozizira komanso yozizira.
Kusintha kwanyengo yakomweko makamaka chifukwa cha kupumula kwamapiri. Pakukula kwambiri, nyengo imakhala yolimba, ndipo zizindikilo za kutentha zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri m'malo osiyana.
Kufotokozera za zokopa kwanuko
Mapiri a Ural akhoza kunyadira zokopa zambiri:
- Paki "Mitsinje Ya Deer".
- Malo osungira "Rezhevskaya".
- Phanga la Kungur.
- Kasupe wa madzi oundana omwe ali paki ya Zyuratkul.
- "Malo a Bazhovsky".
Paki "Mitsinje ya Deer" yomwe ili mumzinda wa Nizhnie Sergi. Otsatira a m'mbiri yakale adzachita chidwi ndi mwala wapafupi ndi Pisanitsa, wokhala ndi zojambulajambula za ojambula akale. Malo ena odziwika pakiyi ndi mapanga ndi Great Gap. Pano mutha kuyenda m'njira zapadera, pitani paulendo wowonera, muwoloke kupita kumalo omwe mumafuna ndi galimoto yachingwe.
Malo "Rezhevskoy" amakopa connoisseurs onse ngale. Malo otetezedwawa amakhala ndimiyala yamtengo wapatali komanso yamtengo wapatali. Ndizoletsedwa kuyenda pano paokha - mutha kukhala m'malo osungirako zinthu moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito.
Gawo la nkhokwe lidutsa Mtsinje wa Rezh. Kumanzere kwake kuli mwala wa Shaitan. Anthu ambiri aku Uriya amawona kuti ndi zamatsenga, kuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu amapita mwalawo nthawi zonse, kufuna kukwaniritsa maloto awo.
Kutalika Phanga La Ice la Kungur - pafupifupi makilomita 6, omwe alendo angayendere kotala lokha. Mutha kuwona nyanja zambiri, malo ogona, ma stalactites ndi stalagmites. Kupititsa patsogolo zowoneka, pali chowunikira chapadera apa. Phangalo limadziwika ndi kutentha kwa subzero. Kuti musangalale ndi kukongola kwanuko, muyenera kukhala ndi zovala zachisanu.
Kasupe wa madzi oundana kuchokera ku paki yamtundu "Zyuratkul", yofalikira kudera la Satka, dera la Chelyabinsk, idadzuka chifukwa chakuwoneka kwa chitsime cha geological. M'pofunikanso kuyang'ana pa nthawi yozizira yokha. M'nyengo yachisanu, kasupeyu wapansi panthaka amaundana ndipo amatenga mawonekedwe a madzi oundana okwana 14 mita.
Paki "Bazhovskie mesto" amagwirizana ndi otchuka komanso okondedwa ndi mabuku ambiri "Bokosi la Malachite". Malowa adakhazikitsa mikhalidwe yokwanira kutchuthi. Mutha kuyenda kosangalatsa wapansi, njinga, kapena wokwera pamahatchi, kwinaku mukusilira malo owoneka bwino.
Aliyense akhoza kuzizirira pano m'madzi am'nyanja kapena kukwera phiri lamwala la Markov. M'nyengo yachilimwe, okonda kwambiri zinthu zambiri amabwera ku "Bazhovskie mesto" kuti akatsike mumtsinje wamapiri. M'nyengo yozizira, pakiyi imatha kukhala ndi adrenaline wochuluka mukamayendetsa galimoto.
Zosangalatsa mu Urals
Zinthu zonse zofunikira zidapangidwa kuti ziziyendera alendo ku Mapiri a Ural. Zosangalatsa zimapezeka m'malo akutali ndi chitukuko, m'malo opanda phokoso, nthawi zambiri m'mbali mwa nyanja. Kutengera ndi zomwe mumakonda, mutha kukhala pano muzomangamanga zamakono kapena nyumba zakale. Mulimonsemo, apaulendo apeza otonthoza komanso aulemu komanso ogwira ntchito.
Pazitsulo pali renti yama cross-country ndi kutsikira kutsetsereka, kayaks, tubing, okwera pamahatchi ndi driver driver wodziwa zilipo. M'dera lachigawo cha alendo pali malo achikhalidwe, malo osambira aku Russia ndi ma biliyadi, nyumba zowonetsera ana ndi malo osewerera. M'malo otere, mutha kukhala okonzeka kuiwala za mzindawu, ndikupumulirani nokha kapena ndi banja lonse, kujambula chithunzi chosakumbukika.
