Phiri la Etna ndiye phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Europe, ndipo chiphalaphala chimatuluka nthawi zonse, ndikuwononga midzi yonse. Ngakhale zowopsa zomwe zili mkatikati mwa stratovolcano, nzika za pachilumba cha Sicily zimagwiritsa ntchito mphatso zake pakukula kwaulimi, chifukwa nthaka yapafupi ili ndi zinthu zambiri zofufuza.
Kufotokozera kwa Mount Etna
Kwa iwo omwe sakudziwa komwe kuphulika kwakukulu ku Europe kuli, tiyenera kudziwa kuti lili m'dera la Italy, koma silingathe kubweretsa zovuta ku boma, chifukwa limasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo lake lalikulu kunyanja. A Sicilians amatha kutchedwa anthu apadera omwe aphunzira kukhala pafupi ndi mwiniwake wachilumbacho, omwe madera ake ndi 37 ° 45 "18" kumpoto chakumtunda ndi 14 ° 59 "43" kum'mawa.
Kutalika ndi kutalika kumatanthauza malo okwera kwambiri a stratovolcano, ngakhale ili ndi crater yopitilira imodzi. Pafupifupi kamodzi pamiyezi iwiri kapena itatu, chimodzi mwaziphuphu zimatulutsa chiphalaphala, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafika kumidzi yaying'ono kumunsi kwa Etna. Kutalika kwathunthu kwamamita ndi 3329, koma mtengowu umasintha pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha mapangidwe am'mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi zaka zana ndi theka zapitazo, Etna anali okwera mita 21. Dera la chimphona ichi ndi 1250 sq. Km, iposa Vesuvius, chifukwa chake ndiyodziwika ku Europe konse.
Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha Etna ndichopanda mawonekedwe, ndichifukwa chake amatchedwa stratovolcano. Idapangidwa pamphambano wa ma tectonic mbale awiri, omwe, chifukwa chosinthana, amalola kutuluka kwa chiphalaphala pamwamba. Kuphulika kwa mapiri ndi kozungulira, chifukwa adapangidwa chaka ndi chaka kuchokera ku phulusa, chiphalaphala cholimba ndi tephra. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kovuta, Etna adawonekera zaka 500 zapitazo ndipo panthawiyi yaphulika nthawi zopitilira 200. Mpaka pano, ali mgulu la zochitika, zomwe zimayambitsa nkhawa pakati pa nzika zadziko.
Nthano za kuphulika kwa moto kuphulika
Popeza phiri la Etna ndiye phiri lalikulu kwambiri kuphulika ku Europe, pali nthano zambiri za izi. Malinga ndi m'modzi wa iwo, phirili ndi ndende komwe kuli Enceladus yayikulu. Athena adamugwirizira pansi pamatopewo, koma nthawi ndi nthawi mkaidi amayesetsa kupyola makulidwewo, chifukwa chake mpweya wake wotentha umatuluka mchipindacho.
Amakhulupiliranso kuti kuphulikako kunasankhidwa ndi milungu kuti imange ma titans, omwe adaganiza zolanda nzika za Olympus. Pachifukwa ichi, aku Italiya amalemekeza cholowa chawo mwachilengedwe komanso amawopa. M'nthano zina, akuti chikhomo cha Hephaestus chimakhala pakamwa pa phiri laphalaphalali.
Chosangalatsa za kuphulika
Zochititsa chidwi zimakhudzana ndi chodabwitsa chomwe sichimachitika pamapiri aliwonse omwe amaphulika. Mphete za utsi zinajambulidwa pa Etna m'ma 70s azaka za zana la 20 - mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri. Umenewu unali umboni woyamba wolemba kuti kulipo kwachilengedwe. Pambuyo pake, ma eddy adapezeka mu 2000 ndi 2013. Kuzikumbukira ndizopambana, koma si alendo onse omwe ali ndi mwayi wolandira mphatso yotere kuchokera kuphiri la Etna.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za Phiri la Yellowstone.
Ngakhale kuti stratovolcano imaphulika chiphalaphala nthawi ndi nthawi, alendo amayesetsa kuti agonjetse chimphonachi, posankha imodzi mwanjira zitatu:
- Kumwera - mutha kupita kumeneko pa basi kapena SUV, komanso kukwera galimoto yachingwe;
- kum'mawa - kufika 1.9 km;
- njira yakumpoto - yolowa poyenda kapena kupalasa njinga.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziyenda m'malo otsetsereka nokha chifukwa utsi kapena chiphalaphala chimatuluka m'ming'oma nthawi ndi nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, mamapu olondola kulibe, chifukwa mpumulo wa Etna umasinthasintha chifukwa cha kuphulika kwapafupipafupi, ngakhale kopanda tanthauzo. Ndi bwino kufunsa anthu am'deralo momwe angafikire okha pa imodzi mwa mfundo zomwe zilipo pamwamba, kapena ganyu wowongolera.
Pamwamba m'masitolo am'deralo, mutha kugula mowa wamadzimadzi wodziwika womwewo. Alendo amatha kusilira kukalamba kwake, ndipo kukoma kwake sikungafotokozedwe m'mawu, popeza minda yamphesa yomwe ikukula kumapazi ndikudyetsa michere yambiri imapatsa chakumwa maluwa enaake.
Kuphulika kwazaka zam'ma 2000
Ndi makontinenti ati omwe simunamvepo za stratovolcano? Sizingatheke kuti zambiri za iye sizinafike kumapeto kwa dziko lapansi, chifukwa kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka zatsopano, kuphulika kumachitika pafupifupi pachaka, kapena kangapo pachaka. Palibe amene ali ndi mafunso aliwonse okhudza kuphulika kwa phiri la Etna, chifukwa mwina kumawononga chilichonse chozungulira, kapena chifukwa chake, ntchito ya eyapoti imayimitsidwa.
Kuphulika komaliza kwa 2016 kudachitika pa Meyi 21. Kenako atolankhani onse adalemba kuti stratovolcano idadzukanso, koma nthawi ino omwe adazunzidwa adapewa. Zithunzi zambiri zimafalikira mwachangu pa intaneti pomwe phulusa ndi chiphalaphala chambiri zidatuluka paphompho ndikuwulukira mlengalenga. Palibe chithunzi ngakhale chimodzi chomwe chingapereketse kukula koteroko, koma kukhala pafupi nthawi yophulika ndi kowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa chake kuli bwino kuyang'anira chiwonetserochi patali.
Komabe, mu 2016 padalibe kuphulika kwamphamvu. Chimodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri mzaka khumi zapitazi ndi kuphulika komwe kudachitika pa Disembala 3, 2015. Kenako chiphalaphalacho chinawuluka mpaka kutalika kwa kilomita, ndipo phulusa limalepheretsa kuwonekera kotero kuti ntchito za eyapoti ya Catania zinaimitsidwa.
