Astrakhan Kremlin, yomangidwa pachilumba chapamwamba cha Hare, chozunguliridwa ndi mitsinje mbali zonse: Volga, Kutuma ndi Tsarev, anali malo achitetezo omwe amateteza malire akumwera kwa boma la Moscow ku adani kuchokera tsiku lomwe adakhazikitsa. Potsekedwa ndi Cossack Erik mu mphete imodzi yamadzi, idakhala chopinga kwa omwe adaukira Astrakhan.
Kumbuyo kwa malinga olimba kwambiri, zinthu 22 zodziwika bwino komanso zikhalidwe zodzitchinjiriza ku Russia, tchalitchi ndi zomangamanga zaka za m'ma 16 - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20 zasungidwa mpaka lero, zomwe zidalandira zokopa zaboma potetezedwa ndi boma.
Mbiri ya Astrakhan Kremlin
Ntchito yomanga chitetezo cha Kremlin idayamba pakati pa zaka za zana la 16 kutengera kapangidwe ka injiniya Vyrodkov wokhala ndi khoma lachiwiri lamatabwa. Pakhoma panali podzaza ndi miyala ndi miyala ikuluikulu. Mpanda wolimbawo womwe unali mkati mwake unali wofanana ndi kansalu kakona koyenera kamene kanalunjika kumwera chakumadzulo. Zaka zinayi kuyambira chiyambi cha ntchito yomanga, ku Kremlin kunabwera nsanja ndi khomo lolowera.
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo atsopano kuboma la Russia ndikupeza mwayi wofikira Nyanja ya Caspian, kufunika kwa linga kunakulirakulira. Pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ivan Groznogo, ntchito yomanga linga lamiyala idayamba, yomwe idatha ndi Boris Godunov. Nyumba zolimba, tchalitchi komanso nyumba zaboma zakula kuzungulira nsanjayi.
Prechistenskaya belu nsanja
Khomo lolowera la Prechistenskaya limayang'ana kumbuyo kwa thambo lokhala ndi chipale choyera choyera chachinayi cha mamitala 80 kutalika kwake. Belfry, womangidwa mzaka khumi zoyambirira za 18th century, adamangidwanso kanayi chifukwa chokhazikika komwe kumachitika chifukwa chadothi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, kupendekera kunali kowonekeratu kotero kuti anthu akumatauni amatcha "Nyumba Yotsamira ya Pisa".
Chaka cha 1910 chinali kubadwa kwatsopano kwa belu lapadera chifukwa cha katswiri wa zomangamanga Karyagin, yemwe adamumanga mumachitidwe akale achi Russia. Mu 1912, belfry idakongoletsedwa ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, kutulutsa kaphokoso kamphindi mphindi 15 zilizonse, ndipo nthawi ya 12:00 ndi 18:00 - ikumayimba nyimbo yolemekezeka ya Mikhail Glinka "Ulemerero". Prechistenskaya belu nsanja, akuwonetsedwa pachithunzi cha njira zingapo zokopa alendo, zomwe tikuwona lero.
Chiphunzitso Cathedral
Pafupi ndi nsanja yotchuka ya belu pali Cathedral of the Assumption of the Holy Holy Theotokos, yomwe yakhala ikumangidwa kuyambira 1699 kwa zaka 12. Tchalitchi chachikulu cha mbali ziwiri, chomangidwa mchikhalidwe cha tchalitchi cha Moscow Baroque, chikukwera, chowala ndi golide nyumba zisanu zokhala ndi mitanda. Zojambula zoyera ngati chipale zimakondwera ndi luso la zojambulajambula pamiyala.
Kachisi wam'munsi, woperekedwa ku Msonkhano wa Chizindikiro cha Vladimir Amayi a Mulungu, ndiwotsika, ndipo amatumizidwa ngati malo okumbirako atsogoleri achipembedzo. Lili ndi nsomba zazinkhanira zokhala ndi zotsalira za oyera mtima: Theodosius ndi Metropolitan Joseph, yemwe adaphedwa pa kuwukira kwa Stepan Razin, mafumu aku Georgia - Vakhtang VI ndi Teimuraz II adayikidwa.
Assumption Church, yomwe ili pamwamba, ndi nyumba yayitali yomwe cholinga chake ndi ntchito zaumulungu. Makoma a Marble, mawindo awiri, zipilala, chojambula chapamwamba, zojambulajambula za kalembedwe ka Byzantine ndi zojambula za Palekh za ngoma - umu ndi momwe mkati mwa kachisi umaonekera pamaso pa alendo.
Trinity Cathedral ndi Cyril Chapel
Tchalitchichi, chomangidwa polemekeza Utatu Wopatsa Moyo mu 1576 m'nyumba ya amonke, ndi amodzi mwa nyumba zakale kwambiri ku Kremlin. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17, tchalitchi chamatabwa chidalowedwa m'malo ndi tchalitchichi chamwala, chomwe chidamangidwanso kangapo pazaka mazana atatu pambuyo pamoto ndi nkhondo.
Masiku ano, Trinity Cathedral ndi gulu limodzi la mipingo itatu: Sretenskaya, Vvedenskaya ndi Utatu, yomwe ili mchipinda chimodzi chokhala ndi zipinda ziwiri zoyandikana nawo. Tchalitchichi chimakhala ndi manda a mabishopu oyamba a Astrakhan. Malinga ndi nthano, pafupi ndi mbali yakumpoto chakumpoto kwa kachisiyo kuli zotsalira za nzika za 441 za ku Astrakhan, zomwe zidazunzidwa ndi opanduka a Stepan Razin.
Maofesi a Katolika a Trinity adabwezeretsedweratu ndikuwabwezeretsa kumaonekedwe awo apachiyambi. Mu 2018, ntchito yobwezeretsa ikupitilira kumaliza mkati mwa kachisi.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane ku Novgorod Kremlin.
Pafupi ndi tchalitchi chachikulu pali Cyril Chapel, pomwe mwana woyamba wa Trinity Monastery, Cyril, adayikidwa.
Gate Church ya St. Nicholas Wodabwitsa
Tchalitchi cha pachipata, chotchedwa woyera, malinga ndi miyambo yakale yachikhristu, chimakhala choteteza mzindawo komanso nzika zake. Ntchito yomanga Chipata cha Nikolsky kumpoto chakumpoto ndi tchalitchi cha St. Nicholas Wonderworker chidachitika nthawi yomweyo ndikumanga mwala wa Astrakhan Kremlin.
Zipata zidatsogolera padoko pomwe panali zombo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ngalawa ya Peter I, yemwe adapita ku Kremlin koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18. Mu 1738 tchalitchi chosalimba cha pa chipata chinamangidwanso mofananamo ndi zaka zapakati pa Russia. Makoma mwamphamvu amiyala yoyera, okutidwa ndi hema, atavala korona wa kanyumba kakang'ono ka anyezi, adawonekera pamakoma amiyala yazipata.
Kremlin nsanja
Astrakhan Kremlin anali otetezedwa ndi dongosolo loganiza bwino la nsanja 8, zolumikizana ndimakalata: akhungu, omwe ali pakhoma, okhota, otuluka kukhoma ndi maulendo, omwe ali pachipata. Makoma a nsanjayo anali aatali mamita 3.5. Zinyumba zawo zosongoka zinali ndi matenti amatabwa, omwe munali nsanja. Nsanja iliyonse imagwira ntchito yake poteteza linga:
- Kachisi wa Bishop wa ogontha amatha kuwona kumanzere kwa chipata chachikulu cha Kremlin - nsanja ya Prechistenskaya. Makoma a nsanja momwe adapangidwira pomangidwa mu 1828. Nsanja ya bishopu idatchulidwanso ku 1602, pomwe dayosizi ya Astrakhan idakhazikitsidwa, komwe adapatsidwa malo kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Kremlin. Nyumba yamiyala iwiri ya Metropolitan idamangidwa pabwalo la bishopu - nyumba yokhala ndi zipinda komanso tchalitchi. Chifukwa chakumanganso, nyumba ya bishopu idakhala yazipinda zinayi. Kuchokera pachinyumba choyambirira chomwe chapezekapo, matailosi atatu akale apulumuka, omwe akuwonetsa: Alesandro Wamkulu wokhala ndi lupanga, womangirira kavalo, mkango wolondera nyumba yachifumu komanso chithunzi cha chilombo chamapiko.
- Nsanja yopanda kanthu ya Zhitnaya, yomwe ili kumwera chakumaloko, yasungidwa momwe idapangidwira chifukwa cha nyanjayi komanso nyumba zochokera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Dzinalo limaperekedwa ku Zhitny Dvor - malo okhala ndi mpanda pafupi ndi khoma lakumwera, pomwe panali zomangamanga zosungira tirigu ndi zakudya zina.
- Kapangidwe ka ogontha - Crimean Tower, adadziwika ndi dzina pomwe anali pafupi ndi Crimean Way, pomwe a Krymchaks adaukira. Nyumbayi yamphamvu idamangidwanso kangapo chifukwa cha kuwonongeka komwe idalandira ikamabweza kuwukira kwa adani.
- Nyumba yofiira ya Red Gate ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa khoma la Kremlin kumtunda kwa phiri lalitali la Volga. Zimasiyana ndi zina pakapangidwe kamangidwe kazinthu 12 zokhala ndi denga lokhala ndi denga, zomwe zidapatsa mwayi chitetezo chonse kuchokera kwa mdani. Malinga ndi umboni womwe udalipo, ma cannonballs ochokera pa nsanja iyi adawuluka mamitala 200-300, ndipo kuchokera papulatifomu, banki yakumanja ya Volga idayang'aniridwa, pomwe adani ndi apaulendo okhala ndi chakudya chofika m'mbali mwa mtsinjewo adayandikira. Chinsanjacho chimadziwika ndi dzina chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola. Pambuyo pobwezeretsanso mu 1958, panali malo owonetsera zakale, komwe kumawonetsedwa zonena za yemwe adamanga Kremlin, zithunzi zosowa zakale zomwe zimafotokozedwa zowonera ku Kremlin, mamapu osowa ndi zithunzi za Astrakhan wakale.
- Kona lakumpoto chakum'mawa kwa linga lachitali limadziwika ndi Artillery Tower, yolumikizana ndi bwalo lakale la Zelein (mfuti). Magazini yosungidwa ya ufa wazaka zapakatikati ndi yosangalatsa pabwalo. Nsanjayo idachita osati ntchito yodzitchinjiriza ya Kremlin, koma m'zaka za zana la 17, panthawi ya nkhondo yosauka motsogozedwa ndi a Stepan Razin, inali malo amndende kwa olemekezeka ndi akuluakulu, komwe kufunsa mafunso kumachitika ndikuzunza ndi kupha. Chifukwa chake, anthu adautcha Mzinda Wozunza. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, atapondereza kuwukira kwa Razin ndi boma la tsarist, opandukawo adakumana ndi tsoka lomwelo pa nsanjayo. Zeleyny Dvor Square yakhala malo omwe amawonetsera zipolopolo zakale, ndipo mkati mwa nsanjayi muli chiwonetsero chofotokozera alendo za momwe zilango zakugwirira ntchito zimachitika m'zaka za zana la 16 mpaka 18 mu ufumu wa Moscow. Atatsika pansi pamiyala ya Powder Magazine, alendo opita kukawonetserako zokambirana adzapeza chidziwitso chosangalatsa chokhudza magwero ndi zida zamfuti.
Chinsinsi cha Chipata Chamadzi
Mu 1970 yomangidwanso kwa gawo lina lachitetezo kuchokera ku Nikolsky kupita ku Red Gate, njira yachinsinsi yapansi panthaka idapezeka pansi pa maziko a chipatala choyambilira cha asitikali. Khonde lomwe anakumba mobisa linali lodzaza ndi njerwa. Kutuluka panja kunatsekedwa ndi kabati ya chitsulo cholemera yomwe imatuluka ndikugwa pamene ng'oma yamakina imazungulira. Nthano yotchuka yapaulendo wapansi panthaka wopita ku Volga idatsimikizika. Pobisalira pansi pa phirilo panali chipata chamadzi chomwe chinali njira yokhayo yobwezeretsanso madzi panthawi yomwe mzindawu udazunguliridwa.
Nyumba yolondera
Nyumba yoyamba yolondera idamangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 18 panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Peter I. Nyumba yosungira, yomwe ikuwoneka kwa alendo aku Kremlin lero, idayamba ku 1808. Inamangidwa pamalo pomwe panali nyumba zakale zoyang'anira achitetezo. Tsopano, maulendo amayendetsedwa mozungulira nyumba yolondera, pomwe alendo akaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za moyo ndi ntchito ya asirikali m'zaka za zana la 19, kuwunika mkati mwa chipinda chogona chaofesi ndi ofesi ya wamkulu wankhondo, ndikuyendera malo amndende.
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ya Kremlin
Kutsegulidwa kwa malo osungirako zinthu zakale "Astrakhan Kremlin" kwa alendo kunali 1974. Zowonongekazo zikuphatikiza: nyumba yosungiramo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi chopereka chapadera komanso ziwonetsero zambiri zowulula mbiri ya Kremlin, Astrakhan ndi Russia kuyambira Middle Ages mpaka lero. Malo akale okhala zida zankhondo ndi kwawo kwa malo owonetserako omwe amakhala ndi ziwonetsero za ojambula odziwika, sera ndi zomwe zasayansi zachita. Chaka chilichonse Astrakhan Opera House imawonetsa opera "Boris Godunov" motsutsana ndi zochitika zakale zomwe zimakhala ngati zowonekera panja.
Nyumba iliyonse ya Kremlin ili ndi nthano ndi zinsinsi zake zosangalatsa, zomwe zimawuzidwa zosangalatsa ndi atsogoleri. Kuchokera pa nsanja yowonera pa Red Gate, malingaliro odabwitsa amatsegulidwa ndipo zithunzi zokongola zimapezeka zomwe zingakukumbutseni za Astrakhan ndi ngale yake - Kremlin.
Ili kuti Astrakhan Kremlin, maola otsegulira komanso momwe mungakafike kumeneko
Adilesi ya nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale: Astrakhan, msewu wa Trediakovskogo, 2.
Maola abwino ogwira ntchito kuyambira 7:00 mpaka 20:00 amakulolani kuti mukhale ku Kremlin tsiku lonse. Sikovuta kuti muwone mawonekedwe apadera. Basi # 30, trolleybus # 2 ndi minibasi zambiri zimayandikira malo okwerera njanji, pafupi ndi pomwe pali basi. Muyenera kupita ku Lenin Square kapena October Square. Iwo ali mwala chabe kuchokera ku Kremlin, motsogozedwa ndi Prechistenskaya belu nsanja.
Kukongola kwa miyala yoyera ya zomangamanga zaku Russia, ngati maginito, kumakopa alendo ambiri kupita ku Astrakhan Kremlin. Kumverera kwa mphamvu yachilendo yomwe imapitilira nthawi za Rus wakale sikuchoka pano, ndikupangitsa kufunitsitsa kubwerera ku Astrakhan.
