Kuyenda ola limodzi kuchokera ku St. Petersburg, pachilumba chaching'ono cha Gulf of Finland, kuli nyumba yachifumu ya Vyborg - linga lamiyala m'zaka za zana la 13. Ndi wakale kwambiri kuposa likulu lakumpoto la Russia ndipo ndi zaka zofanana ndi Vyborg. Nyumbayi ndi yapadera pa mbiri yake komanso momwe amasungira zomangamanga zoyambirira. Magawo omanga, kumaliza ndi kumanganso makoma ndi nsanja zazitali zidakhala mbiri ya dera lino ndikupanga malire akumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko la Russia. Misewu yambiri ya alendo imabweretsa kunyumba yachifumu, zikondwerero ndi ma konsati amachitikira pano, maulendo amapitilira.
Mbiri ya nyumba yachifumu ya Vyborg
Pogonjetsa malo atsopano, a Sweden panthawi ya nkhondo yachitatu adasankha chilumba ku Strait of Finland, komwe ndende ya Karelian idakhala kale. Kuti akhale pamalo abwinobwino pa dziko la Karelian, a ku Sweden adawononga mpandawo ndikukhala malo achitetezo - mwala wamiyala yayitali (yayitali mwake) wokhala ndi khoma.
Malo a linga latsopanoli sanasankhidwe mwangozi: malo okwera pamwala wa granite adalamulira malo ozungulira, zabwino zambiri pagulu lankhondo mukamayang'ana malo, poteteza ndi kuteteza mdani. Kuphatikiza apo, panalibe chifukwa chokumba dzenje, chotchinga madzi chidalipo kale. Kusankha malo omangako kunali kwanzeru kwambiri - linga lidayesetsa bwino kuteteza zombo zamalonda zaku Sweden ndipo sizinapereke konse panthawi yozunguliridwa.
Nsanjayo idatchedwa ulemu wa St. Olaf, ndipo tawuniyo, yomwe idapangidwa mkati mwa mpandawo ndikupitilira kumtunda, idatchedwa "Holy Fortress", kapena Vyborg. Izi zinali mu 1293. Woyambitsa mzindawo, ngati Vyborg Castle palokha, amadziwika kuti ndi Marshal Knutsson waku Sweden, yemwe adakonza zakulanda Western Karelia.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, gulu lankhondo la Novgorod linayesanso kulanda chilumbachi, koma nyumba yolimba kwambiri ya Vyborg inapulumuka nthawi imeneyo. Sanataye mtima kwazaka zopitilira 300, ndipo nthawi yonseyi anali mmanja mwa Sweden.
Kotero, mu 1495, Ivan III anazinga mzindawo ndi gulu lalikulu lankhondo. Anthu aku Russia anali otsimikiza kuti apambana, koma izi sizinachitike. Mbiri yasunga nthano yonena za "Vyborg Thunder" komanso wamatsenga-kazembe, yemwe adalamula kuti anyamule "kapu ya hellish" yayikulu pansi pa zipinda zokhazokha zokhazokha panthawiyo. Anadzazidwa ndi yankho loopsa la ufa wa mfuti ndi zinthu zina zoyaka moto. Nsanjayo inaphulitsidwa, ozungulidwanso adapambananso nkhondoyi.
Kuzingidwa pafupipafupi, nthawi zina ndi moto komanso zikhumbo zosintha abwanamkubwa aku Sweden, sizinangothandiza pakukonzanso ndi kukonzanso makoma, komanso kumanga maofesi atsopano ndi nyumba zokhalamo anthu, komanso nsanja zokhala ndi mabowo. M'zaka za zana la 16, linga lidayamba kuwonekera monga momwe tikuwonera masiku ano; mzaka zotsatira, kusintha kunali kosafunikira. Chifukwa chake, Vyborg Castle idapambana udindo wokhala chipilala chokhacho chosungidwa bwino chakumadzulo kwa Europe.
Apanso, Nyumba ya Vyborg idaganiza zobwerera ku Russia Peter I. Kuzingidwa kwa linga ku Island Island kunatenga miyezi iwiri, ndipo pa Juni 12, 1710 adadzipereka. Pamene malire aku Russia adalimbikitsidwa ndikutulutsidwa kwina, kufunika kwa Vyborg ngati linga lankhondo kwatha pang'onopang'ono, gulu lankhondo lidayamba kupezeka pano, kenako malo osungira ndi ndende. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, nyumbayi idachotsedwa mgulu lankhondo ndikuyamba kumangidwanso ngati nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Koma idatsegulidwa kokha mu 1960, mzindawu utakhala gawo la Finland mu 1918 ndikubwerera ku USSR mu 1944.
Kufotokozera kwa nyumbayi
Chilumba cha Castle Island ndi chaching'ono, mamita 122x170 okha. Kuchokera pagombe kupita pachilumbachi pali Castle Bridge, yomwe imakolekedwa ndi maloko - omwe angokwatirana kumene amawalumikiza kuzithunzizo ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi banja lalitali.
Kuchokera patali munthu amatha kuwona nsanja ya St. Olaf yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 7 pansi, makulidwe amakoma ake apansi amafikira mamita 4. M'chipinda chapansi komanso pachigawo choyamba, zinthu zimasungidwa, akaidi amasungidwa, pagawo lachiwiri amakhala kazembe wa Sweden ndi anthu ake. Nyumba yayikulu yazosanja 5 ya linga ili pafupi ndi nsanjayo, pomwe kale panali zipinda zokhalamo komanso zamiyambo, maholo a Knights, ndi chipinda chapamwamba chimapangidwira chitetezo.
Nyumbayi sinali yolumikizidwa ndi khoma lakunja, lomwe linali ndi makulidwe mpaka 2 m komanso kutalika kwa mita 7. Mwa nsanja zonse zakunja kwa Nyanja ya Vyborg, nsanja zaku Round ndi Town Hall zokha ndizomwe zatsala mpaka lero. Khoma lambiri lidagwa pamizinga ingapo, zipolopolo ndi nkhondo. Pamalo ozungulira kunja kwa linga lakale, gawo la nyumba zokhalamo pomwe gulu lankhondo lidali zasungidwa.
Museum "Nyumba ya Vyborg"
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakati pa alendo obwera kudzaona malowa ndi malo owonera, omwe ali pamwamba pamwamba pa nsanja ya St. Olaf. Aliyense amene akufuna kukwera masitepe okwera phompho akukwera masitepe 239, ali ndi mwayi wokhudzidwa ndi manja awo mbiriyo - miyala yomwe imakumbukira kuzunguliridwa kambiri, kulimba mtima kwa asitikali, kugonjetsedwa kowawa komanso kupambana kopambana.
Kuchokera m'mawindo apakatikati, mutha kuwona mawonekedwe oyandikana nawo: nyumba zachitetezo, nyumba zamzindawu. Kukwera sikophweka, koma mawonekedwe odabwitsa oterewa amatseguka kuchokera pamalo owonera kuti zovuta zonse zayiwalika. Madzi a Gulf of Finland, mlatho wokongola, madenga amitundu yambiri am'mizinda, nyumba zamatchalitchi amafunsidwa kuti ajambulidwe. Kuwona kwa mzindawu kumadzetsa kuyerekezera ndi misewu ya Tallinn ndi Riga. Atsogoleri amalangiza kuti ayang'ane patali kuti awone Finland, koma, mtunda wopitilira 30 km sulola izi. Pofuna kusunga mbiri yake, nsanja ndi malo owonera zatsekedwa kuti zimangidwenso kuyambira February 2017.
Tikukulangizani kuti muyang'ane pa Mir Castle.
Zowonongekazi zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale: zotchuka kale zikukula, zatsopano zikutsegulidwa. Ziwonetsero zosatha zikuphatikiza:
- kufotokozera za malonda ndi ulimi wa dera;
- chiwonetsero chodzipereka kukongola kwa chikhalidwe cha Karelian Isthmus;
- chiwonetsero chonena za moyo wamzindawu munkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa alendo obwera ku Vyborg kumachitika m'masiku azikondwerero zakale. Nyumba ya Vyborg imakhala ndi masewera othamangitsana, ophunzitsira mwaluso zamtundu wina, mwachitsanzo, kuwombera uta, kapena magule akale. M'mipikisano yambiri, nkhondo zenizeni zimamangidwanso, pomwe amaponda ndi zida zankhondo zonse.
Amayimbidwe apakatikati akale amachitikira m'dera lachitetezo, ziwonetsero zamoto zimachitika, ndipo ngwazi zovekedwa zimayitanitsa owonera kuti adzavine, kuchita nawo masewera. Zosangalatsa zosiyana zikuyembekezera alendo achichepere omwe, momwe amasewera, amadziwanso mbiri ya dera lino. Mzindawu umakhala wamoyo nthawi yamadyerero, ziwonetsero komanso zofukiza usiku zimachitika mmenemo. Koma ngakhale masiku wamba munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, aliyense amene akufuna amaloledwa kusintha kukhala katswiri wakale, squire. Atsikana amayesa kuluka nsalu zachikale, ndipo anyamata - poluka makalata. Komanso, kunyumba yachifumu ya Vyborg kumakhala mipikisano yamasewera, zikondwerero zamafilimu, makonsati a rock ndi zikondwerero za jazz, ndi zisudzo.
Wokhalamo aliyense wa Vyborg awonetsa komwe akutsogolera ndi malowa: Chilumba cha Zamkovy, 1. Mutha kufika pachilumbachi ndi Bridge ya Fortress kuyambira 9:00 mpaka 19:00, kuloledwa ndi kwaulere komanso kwaulere. Koma nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imatsegulidwa nthawi zina, nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndi tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lolemba, nthawi yotsegulira ikuchokera 10: 00 mpaka 18: 00. Mtengo wa tikiti siwokwera - ma ruble 80 kwa opuma pantchito ndi ophunzira, ma ruble 100 kwa akulu, ana amalowa mwaulere.
